波浪能捕获及发电装置研究进展与技术分析
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摘要
针对目前波浪能发电成本高、结构复杂、能量转换效率低等问题,对波浪能发电的基本原理、新型发电装置及相关新技术进行了研究。具体对直线电磁型、压电型和电活性聚合物型波浪能发电装置进行了总结和分析,探究了点吸式、振荡水柱式、振荡摇摆式和筏式等波浪能捕获装置的工作原理、优缺点、适用场合和应用前景,特别对新型的波浪能发电技术—介电弹性体发电机进行了分析和探究;同时对波浪能发电技术的进一步发展提出了建议。研究结果表明,对比其他方式的波浪能捕获装置,基于介电弹性体的波浪能装置发电成本更低,结构更加简单,能量转换效率更高。
Aiming at the high cost,complex structure and low energy conversion efficiency of wave power generation currently,the basic principles,new electric power generators and related advanced technology of wave power generation were studied. Different kinds of wave electric power generators such as the linear electromagnetic type,piezoelectric type and electroactive polymer type were summarized and analyzed specifically. The principles,advantages and disadvantages,and application situations of wave power capture devices including buoy type,oscillating water column type,swing and oscillation type and raft type were discussed,especially for the new dielectric elastomer generator. The future development of wave power generation technology were proposed. The results indicate that the dielectric elastomer generator which was used in the wave power generation has the advantages such as lower generating cost,simpler structure and higher energy conversion efficiency.
Aiming at the high cost,complex structure and low energy conversion efficiency of wave power generation currently,the basic principles,new electric power generators and related advanced technology of wave power generation were studied. Different kinds of wave electric power generators such as the linear electromagnetic type,piezoelectric type and electroactive polymer type were summarized and analyzed specifically. The principles,advantages and disadvantages,and application situations of wave power capture devices including buoy type,oscillating water column type,swing and oscillation type and raft type were discussed,especially for the new dielectric elastomer generator. The future development of wave power generation technology were proposed. The results indicate that the dielectric elastomer generator which was used in the wave power generation has the advantages such as lower generating cost,simpler structure and higher energy conversion efficiency.
引文
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[3]张露予,李志鹏,王博文,等.电磁式振动发电机结构设计及谐振频率分析[J].河北工业大学学报,2014,43(1):1-3.
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[13]KORNBLUH R,PELRINE R,PRAHLAD H,et al.From Boots to Buoys:Promises and Challenges of Dielectric Elastomer Energy Harvesting[J].Pro-ceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2011,7976(10):67-93.
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[15]MUELLER M.Electrical generators for direct drive wave energy converters[J].Generation,Trans-mission and Distribution,IEE Proceedings,2002,149(4):446-456.
[16]PRADO M.Archimedes wave swing(AWS)[J].Green Energy Technology,2008(4):297-304.
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[18]张永良,林政.海洋波浪压电发电装置的进展[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(5):145-148.
[19]CHIBA S,WAKI M,WADA T,et al.Consistent ocean wave energy harvesting using electroactive polymer(dielectric elastomer)artificial muscle generators[J].Applied Energy,2013,104(2):497-502.
[20]SCRUGGS J.Disturbance-adaptive stochastic optimal control of energy harvesters,with application to ocean wave energy conversion[J].Annual Reviews in Control,2015,40(1):102-115.
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[22]BABARIT A.On the park effect in arrays of oscillating wave energy converters[J].Renewable Energy,2013,58(58):68-78.
[23]刘德兴,郑艳娜,张佳星.振荡水柱波浪能发电装置的研究应用进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(2):231-236.
[24]BOAKE C,WHITTAKER T,FOLLEY M,et al.Overview and initial operational experience of the LIMPET wave energy plant[C]//Proceedings of the Twelfth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.Kitakyushu:[s.n.],2002:586-594.
[25]DELMONTE N,BARATER D,GIULIANI F,et al.Review of Oscillating Water Column Converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,52(2):1698-1710.
[26]ORTUBIA I.Mutriku wave power plant:from the thinking out to the reality[C]//Proceedings of the 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference.Uppsala:[s.n.],2009:319-329.
[27]VERTECHY R,FONTANA M,PAPINI G,et al.Oscillating-water-column wave-energy-converter based on dielectric elastomer generator[J].Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2013,8687(36):127-132.
[28]PAPINI G,VERTECHY R,FONTANA M,et al.Dynamic Model of Dielectric Elastomer Diaphragm Gene-rators for Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters[C]//ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials,Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems.Snowbird:ASME,2013.
[29]耿楠.振荡水柱波浪能转换器效率分析及改进方案研究[D].长沙:湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,2012.
[30]KHAN M,BHUYAN G,IQBAL M,et al.Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems and assessment of horizontal and vertical axis turbines for river and tidal applications:A technology status review[J].Applied Energy,2009,86(10):1823-1835.
[31]张文喜,叶家玮.摆式波浪能发电技术研究[J].广东造船,2011,30(1):20-22.
[32]张中华,夏增艳,黄勇,等.离岸摆式波浪能发电技术综述[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(1):152-155.
[33]WHITTAKER T,FOLLEY M.Nearshore oscillating wave surge converters and the development of Oyster[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,2011,370(1959):345-364.
[34]MORETTI G,FOREHAND D,VERTECHY R,et al.Modeling of an Oscillating Wave Surge Converter With Dielectric Elastomer Power Take-Off[C]//ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.San Francisco,California:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2014.
[35]MORETTI G,FONTANA M,Vertechy R.Paralle-logramshaped dielectric elastomer generators:Analytical model and experimental validation[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2015,26(6):740-751.
[36]MCCABE A,BRADSHAW A,Meadowcroft J,et al.Developments in the design of the PS Frog Mk 5 wave energy converter[J].Renewable Energy,2006,31(2):141-151.
[37]BABARIT A,CLMENT A,Gilloteaux J.Optimization and Time-Domain Simulation of the SEAREV Wave Energy Converter[C]//ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Halkidiki:ASME,2005:703-712.
[38]游亚戈,李伟,刘伟民,等.海洋能发电技术的发展现状与前景[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(14):1-12.
[39]HENDERSON R.Design,simulation,and testing of a novel hydraulic power take-off system for the Pelamis wave energy converter[J].Renewable Energy,2006,31(2):271-283.
[40]FALCAO A.Wave energy utilization:A review of the technologies[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14(3):899-918.
[41]姚琦,王世明,胡海鹏.波浪能发电装置的发展与展望[J].海洋开发与管理,2016,33(1):86-92.
[2]韦明松.波浪能永磁直线发电机的设计与仿真[D].广州:广东工业大学自动化学院,2015.
[3]张露予,李志鹏,王博文,等.电磁式振动发电机结构设计及谐振频率分析[J].河北工业大学学报,2014,43(1):1-3.
[4]韩冰峰,褚金奎,熊叶胜,等.海洋波浪能发电研究进展[J].电网与清洁能源,2012,28(2):61-66.
[5]MURRAY R,RASTEGAR J.Novel two-stage piezo-electric-based ocean wave energy harvesters for moored or unmoored buoys[C]//Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2009.Arizona:[s.n.],2009.
[6]谢涛,袁江波,单小彪,等.多悬臂梁压电振子频率分析及发电实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2010,44(2):98-101.
[7]MCKAY T,ROSSET S,ANDERSON I,et al.Dielectric elastomer generators that stack up[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2015,24(1):015014.
[8]金丽丽,鄂世举,曹建波,等.介电弹性体材料研究现状综述[J].机电工程,2016,33(1):12-17.
[9]刘爱飞,鄂世举,曹建波,等.介电弹性体发电机机电转换的非线性方法研究[J].机电工程,2016,33(2):191-196.
[10]VERTECHY R,ROSATI G,FONTANA M.Reduced model and application of inflating circular diaphragm dielectric elastomer generators for wave energy harvesting[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2015,137(1):011004.
[11]赵兴强,温志渝.基于压电材料的振动能量收集器的谐振频率调节[J].压电与声光,2013,35(2):241-244.
[12]于明湖,张玉秋,叶云岳,等.直线振荡电机谐振频率跟踪策略研究[C]//第二十九届中国控制会议论文集.北京:中国控制会议.2010:3348-3352.
[13]KORNBLUH R,PELRINE R,PRAHLAD H,et al.From Boots to Buoys:Promises and Challenges of Dielectric Elastomer Energy Harvesting[J].Pro-ceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2011,7976(10):67-93.
[14]LEIJON M,DANIELSSON O,ERIKSSON M,et al.An electrical approach to wave energy conversion[J].Renewable Energy,2006,31(9):1309-1319.
[15]MUELLER M.Electrical generators for direct drive wave energy converters[J].Generation,Trans-mission and Distribution,IEE Proceedings,2002,149(4):446-456.
[16]PRADO M.Archimedes wave swing(AWS)[J].Green Energy Technology,2008(4):297-304.
[17]GAO Y,SHAO S,ZOU H,et al.A fully floating system for a wave energy converter with direct-driven linear generator[J].Energy,2016,95(1):99-109.
[18]张永良,林政.海洋波浪压电发电装置的进展[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(5):145-148.
[19]CHIBA S,WAKI M,WADA T,et al.Consistent ocean wave energy harvesting using electroactive polymer(dielectric elastomer)artificial muscle generators[J].Applied Energy,2013,104(2):497-502.
[20]SCRUGGS J.Disturbance-adaptive stochastic optimal control of energy harvesters,with application to ocean wave energy conversion[J].Annual Reviews in Control,2015,40(1):102-115.
[21]ENGSTROM J,ERIKSSON M,ISBERG J,et al.Wave energy converter with enhanced amplitude response at frequencies coinciding with Swedish west coast sea states by use of a supplementary submerged body[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2009,106(6):1-5.
[22]BABARIT A.On the park effect in arrays of oscillating wave energy converters[J].Renewable Energy,2013,58(58):68-78.
[23]刘德兴,郑艳娜,张佳星.振荡水柱波浪能发电装置的研究应用进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(2):231-236.
[24]BOAKE C,WHITTAKER T,FOLLEY M,et al.Overview and initial operational experience of the LIMPET wave energy plant[C]//Proceedings of the Twelfth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.Kitakyushu:[s.n.],2002:586-594.
[25]DELMONTE N,BARATER D,GIULIANI F,et al.Review of Oscillating Water Column Converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,52(2):1698-1710.
[26]ORTUBIA I.Mutriku wave power plant:from the thinking out to the reality[C]//Proceedings of the 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference.Uppsala:[s.n.],2009:319-329.
[27]VERTECHY R,FONTANA M,PAPINI G,et al.Oscillating-water-column wave-energy-converter based on dielectric elastomer generator[J].Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2013,8687(36):127-132.
[28]PAPINI G,VERTECHY R,FONTANA M,et al.Dynamic Model of Dielectric Elastomer Diaphragm Gene-rators for Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters[C]//ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials,Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems.Snowbird:ASME,2013.
[29]耿楠.振荡水柱波浪能转换器效率分析及改进方案研究[D].长沙:湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,2012.
[30]KHAN M,BHUYAN G,IQBAL M,et al.Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems and assessment of horizontal and vertical axis turbines for river and tidal applications:A technology status review[J].Applied Energy,2009,86(10):1823-1835.
[31]张文喜,叶家玮.摆式波浪能发电技术研究[J].广东造船,2011,30(1):20-22.
[32]张中华,夏增艳,黄勇,等.离岸摆式波浪能发电技术综述[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(1):152-155.
[33]WHITTAKER T,FOLLEY M.Nearshore oscillating wave surge converters and the development of Oyster[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,2011,370(1959):345-364.
[34]MORETTI G,FOREHAND D,VERTECHY R,et al.Modeling of an Oscillating Wave Surge Converter With Dielectric Elastomer Power Take-Off[C]//ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.San Francisco,California:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2014.
[35]MORETTI G,FONTANA M,Vertechy R.Paralle-logramshaped dielectric elastomer generators:Analytical model and experimental validation[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2015,26(6):740-751.
[36]MCCABE A,BRADSHAW A,Meadowcroft J,et al.Developments in the design of the PS Frog Mk 5 wave energy converter[J].Renewable Energy,2006,31(2):141-151.
[37]BABARIT A,CLMENT A,Gilloteaux J.Optimization and Time-Domain Simulation of the SEAREV Wave Energy Converter[C]//ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Halkidiki:ASME,2005:703-712.
[38]游亚戈,李伟,刘伟民,等.海洋能发电技术的发展现状与前景[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(14):1-12.
[39]HENDERSON R.Design,simulation,and testing of a novel hydraulic power take-off system for the Pelamis wave energy converter[J].Renewable Energy,2006,31(2):271-283.
[40]FALCAO A.Wave energy utilization:A review of the technologies[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14(3):899-918.
[41]姚琦,王世明,胡海鹏.波浪能发电装置的发展与展望[J].海洋开发与管理,2016,33(1):86-92.