柏木次生林震后滑坡迹地物种多样性变化特征
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摘要
为探讨地质灾害作用下物种多样性的变化特征,以北川县擂鼓镇凤凰山柏木次生林为对象,采用样地调查法对震后滑坡迹地物种组成及多样性进行研究.结果表明:滑坡区共记录植物93种,隶属42科78属,以菊科、豆科、禾本科为主,过渡区共记录植物97种,隶属39科80属,以菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科为主,未滑坡区共记录植物108种,隶属59科92属,以菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科为主,菊科、禾本科在震后滑坡迹地恢复过程中占据重要地位;草本层中未滑坡区Pielou均匀度指数(JSW)最高,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Simpson优势度指数(H′)居中,丰富度指数(D)最低,灌木层中未滑坡区D、H和H′值最高,JSW值最低,过渡区的物种多样性指数均高于滑坡区;乔木层中D和H值表现为滑坡区最高,过渡区最低,H′和JSW值表现为过渡区最高,未滑坡区最低.综上所述,植被分布大体上与表层土壤养分的空间分布规律保持一致,滑坡区群落演替较慢且处于初级阶段,马桑、雀儿舌头、矛叶荩草为先锋树种,可改良土壤,稳定坡面,再适当增植乔木可有效恢复植被、提升植物群落稳定性.
The characteristics of species diversity in Cupressus funebris secondary forest under the effect of geological hazard were explored by selecting the typical landslide surface of Fenghuang Mountain, Leigu Town, Beichuan County, which was derived from the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The results showed that 93 species belonged to 42 families, and 78 genera were found in the landslide area, where the main families were Compositae, Leguminosae, and Gramineae-based. Further, 97 species in the transition area belonged to 39 families and 80 genera, and the main families were Compositae, Gramineae, and Rosaceae-based. In all, 108 species were recorded in the non-landslide area, which belonged to 59 families and 92 genera, the main families of which were Compositae, Rosaceae, and Gramineae-based. Compositae and Gramineae played important roles in the landslide recovery process after earthquake. The Pielou index(JSW) was the highest in the non-landslide area of the herb layer, whereas the richness index(D) was the lowest; the Shannon-Wiener index(H) and Simpson index(H') showed medium values. In the non-landslide area, the D, H, and H' were the highest in the shrub layer, whereas the JSW was the lowest. Further, the species diversity index of the transitional area was higher than that of the landslide area. In the tree layer, the D and H were both the highest and lowest in the landslide area and transition area, respectively. In contrast, the H' and JSW were the highest in the transition area and the lowest in the non-landslide area. The distribution of vegetation was generally consistent with the distribution of soil nutrients in the spatial distribution of surface soil nutrients. The succession of trees in the landslide area was relatively slow and at the initial stage, and the pioneer species were Coriaria nepalensis, Leptopus chinensis, and Arthraxon lanceolatus in this area. Taken together, the findings suggested that the stability of a plant community can be increased by improving the soil and stabilizing the slope.
The characteristics of species diversity in Cupressus funebris secondary forest under the effect of geological hazard were explored by selecting the typical landslide surface of Fenghuang Mountain, Leigu Town, Beichuan County, which was derived from the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The results showed that 93 species belonged to 42 families, and 78 genera were found in the landslide area, where the main families were Compositae, Leguminosae, and Gramineae-based. Further, 97 species in the transition area belonged to 39 families and 80 genera, and the main families were Compositae, Gramineae, and Rosaceae-based. In all, 108 species were recorded in the non-landslide area, which belonged to 59 families and 92 genera, the main families of which were Compositae, Rosaceae, and Gramineae-based. Compositae and Gramineae played important roles in the landslide recovery process after earthquake. The Pielou index(JSW) was the highest in the non-landslide area of the herb layer, whereas the richness index(D) was the lowest; the Shannon-Wiener index(H) and Simpson index(H') showed medium values. In the non-landslide area, the D, H, and H' were the highest in the shrub layer, whereas the JSW was the lowest. Further, the species diversity index of the transitional area was higher than that of the landslide area. In the tree layer, the D and H were both the highest and lowest in the landslide area and transition area, respectively. In contrast, the H' and JSW were the highest in the transition area and the lowest in the non-landslide area. The distribution of vegetation was generally consistent with the distribution of soil nutrients in the spatial distribution of surface soil nutrients. The succession of trees in the landslide area was relatively slow and at the initial stage, and the pioneer species were Coriaria nepalensis, Leptopus chinensis, and Arthraxon lanceolatus in this area. Taken together, the findings suggested that the stability of a plant community can be increased by improving the soil and stabilizing the slope.
引文
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