手持式电动烟草打顶抑芽系统的设计
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摘要
结合我国西南丘陵地区打顶抑芽现状,设计了一种手持式电动烟草打顶抑芽系统,由打顶抑芽剪、抑芽剂、消毒液喷施系统和控制系统组成。打顶抑芽剪包括剪切系统、动力传动系统及机架,控制系统包括硬件电路和软件程序。该控制系统采用PIC18F23K22作为主控芯片,根据刀片位置信号、抑芽剂喷施量调节信号、电源电压信号和作业开关信号,控制电机、抑芽剂泵、消毒液泵、抑芽剂电磁阀、消毒液电磁阀、扬声器和指示灯的工作。其中,刀片位置检测采用霍尔传感器,电机正反转采用继电器控制,药泵电压采用高频PWM信号控制场效应管的方式提供。基于工作流程图和硬件电路,并借助汇编语言实现软件程序的编写。对该打顶抑芽系统进行了抑芽剂喷药量精度试验和田间试验,结果表明:喷施误差在5%以内,大大提高了抑芽剂的利用率,降低了成本;每株烟草打顶平均用时3.1s,提高了工作效率;减少了烟株细菌病毒的感染,提高了经济效益,进一步推动了烟草农业机械化进程。
This paper designs a hand-held electric tobacco topping and sprout suppression system based on the current situation of topping and bud suppression in the hilly areas of southwest China. The topping and sprout suppression system consists of a topping inhibitor,a bud inhibitor,a disinfectant spraying system and a control system. The topping and restraining shear includes a shearing system,a power transmission system,and a rack. The control system includes a hardware circuit and software program. The control system adopts PIC18 F23 K22 as the main control chip,and controls the motor,the bud inhibition agent pump,the disinfectant pump,and the budding inhibitor solenoid valve according to the blade position signal,the sprouting agent spray amount adjustment signal,the power supply voltage signal and the operation switch signal. Disinfectant solenoid valve,speaker and indicator light work,where the position detection of the blade adopts Hall sensor,the positive and negative rotation of the motor adopts relay control,and the pump voltage adopts high frequency PWM signal to control the field effect transistor. The software program is written in assembly language according to the work flow chart and the hardware circuit. At the same time,the accuracy and field trials of the budding agent spray amount were performed on the topping and sprout suppression system. The results showed that the spraying error was within 5%,which greatly improved the utilization rate of budding inhibitors and saved the cost. The average time was 3.1 s,which improved work efficiency,reduced the bacterial and viral infections of tobacco plants,improved economic efficiency,and further promoted the process of tobacco agricultural mechanization.
This paper designs a hand-held electric tobacco topping and sprout suppression system based on the current situation of topping and bud suppression in the hilly areas of southwest China. The topping and sprout suppression system consists of a topping inhibitor,a bud inhibitor,a disinfectant spraying system and a control system. The topping and restraining shear includes a shearing system,a power transmission system,and a rack. The control system includes a hardware circuit and software program. The control system adopts PIC18 F23 K22 as the main control chip,and controls the motor,the bud inhibition agent pump,the disinfectant pump,and the budding inhibitor solenoid valve according to the blade position signal,the sprouting agent spray amount adjustment signal,the power supply voltage signal and the operation switch signal. Disinfectant solenoid valve,speaker and indicator light work,where the position detection of the blade adopts Hall sensor,the positive and negative rotation of the motor adopts relay control,and the pump voltage adopts high frequency PWM signal to control the field effect transistor. The software program is written in assembly language according to the work flow chart and the hardware circuit. At the same time,the accuracy and field trials of the budding agent spray amount were performed on the topping and sprout suppression system. The results showed that the spraying error was within 5%,which greatly improved the utilization rate of budding inhibitors and saved the cost. The average time was 3.1 s,which improved work efficiency,reduced the bacterial and viral infections of tobacco plants,improved economic efficiency,and further promoted the process of tobacco agricultural mechanization.
引文
[1]林中麟,石健林,周益.烟草打顶研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(6):32-36.
[2]马敏,张晓辉,宋涛,等.智能烟草打顶抑芽机控制系统[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):129-135.
[3]耿爱军,张晓辉,苗乃树,等. 3YDX-3型烟草打顶抑芽机设计[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(7):96-101.
[4] Walter Cecil Hammond,Tifton,Ga.Apparatus for topping stalk type plants:United States,US3695013[P].1972-10-03.
[5] Elwood Lee Smith,Elm City,N.C. Devices for topping tobacco plants:United States,3662526[P].1972-05-16.
[6]刘双喜,李伟,王金星,等.双行智能烟草打顶抑芽机检测控制系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):47-52.
[7]姜福东,陈德鑫.我国丘陵烟区烟草机械化发状及对策[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(5):2309-2310.
[8]刘宏博.便携式电动烟草打顶抑芽机设计与研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2017.
[9]濮良贵,纪名刚,陈国定,等.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[10]叶挺秀,张伯尧.电工电子学[M]. 2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004:40-52.
[2]马敏,张晓辉,宋涛,等.智能烟草打顶抑芽机控制系统[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):129-135.
[3]耿爱军,张晓辉,苗乃树,等. 3YDX-3型烟草打顶抑芽机设计[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(7):96-101.
[4] Walter Cecil Hammond,Tifton,Ga.Apparatus for topping stalk type plants:United States,US3695013[P].1972-10-03.
[5] Elwood Lee Smith,Elm City,N.C. Devices for topping tobacco plants:United States,3662526[P].1972-05-16.
[6]刘双喜,李伟,王金星,等.双行智能烟草打顶抑芽机检测控制系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):47-52.
[7]姜福东,陈德鑫.我国丘陵烟区烟草机械化发状及对策[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(5):2309-2310.
[8]刘宏博.便携式电动烟草打顶抑芽机设计与研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2017.
[9]濮良贵,纪名刚,陈国定,等.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[10]叶挺秀,张伯尧.电工电子学[M]. 2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004:40-52.