圆柱滚子轴承半物理仿真试验技术研究
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摘要
基于滚动轴承的动力学理论,建立了圆柱滚子轴承的非线性动力学微分方程组,使用希尔伯特-修斯-泰勒(Hilber-Hughes-Taylor,HHT)变步长积分算法对其动力学微分方程组进行对称多线程(Symmetricmulti-processing,SMP)并行求解,联合机械系统动力学自动分析软件ADAMS、控制仿真软件Matlab/Simulink搭建了圆柱滚子轴承的半物理仿真试验系统,实现了圆柱滚子轴承动力学仿真系统与物理试验机之间的信息交换,进而对滚动轴承的半物理仿真试验技术进行了探索与研究。该研究结果为滚动轴承的半物理仿真试验技术提供了一条可行的技术路线,能够对轴承的试验结果进行补充,为滚动轴承的半物理仿真试验技术提供借鉴与参考。
Based on the dynamics of rolling bearings, the nonlinear dynamic differential equations are built and solved by Hilber-Hughes-Taylor(HHT) integer algorithm with variable step in combination with symmetric multi-processing(SMP) parallel solving technology. And then, automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS) is used in conjunction with the control simulation software Matlab/Simulink to set up the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system, which can complete the communications between the dynamics simulation system of cylindrical roller bearing and the testing machine for cage's dynamic performance. According to the study on the hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology, it shows that the technical route is feasible, and the results of hardware-in-the-loop simulation can be used to enrich the experimental results which can not be measured in the work process of testing machine. The relevant research would supply references on how to develop the hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology of rolling bearing.
Based on the dynamics of rolling bearings, the nonlinear dynamic differential equations are built and solved by Hilber-Hughes-Taylor(HHT) integer algorithm with variable step in combination with symmetric multi-processing(SMP) parallel solving technology. And then, automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS) is used in conjunction with the control simulation software Matlab/Simulink to set up the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system, which can complete the communications between the dynamics simulation system of cylindrical roller bearing and the testing machine for cage's dynamic performance. According to the study on the hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology, it shows that the technical route is feasible, and the results of hardware-in-the-loop simulation can be used to enrich the experimental results which can not be measured in the work process of testing machine. The relevant research would supply references on how to develop the hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology of rolling bearing.
引文
[1]刘苏亚.轴承试验机及试验技术[J].轴承,2011(8):55-59.LIU Suya.Bearing testing machine and experiment technical[J].Bearing,2011(8):55-59.
[2]李兴林,刘泽九,张燕辽.国外滚动轴承疲劳寿命试验的现状及其发展趋势[J].轴承,1995(12):30-38.LIN Xinglin,LIU Zejiu,ZHANG Yanliao.Present situation and trend of foreign rolling bearing fatigue life testing[J].Bearing,1995(12):30-38.
[3]BURKHARD A H.Combined environment reliability test(CERT)[J].Microelectronics Journal,1980,11(3):36.
[4]UMEZAWA K,BRANCH J,YAMAGAMI H,et al.Department of defense test method standard for environmental engineering considerations and laboratory tests[J].Annals of Emergency Medicine,2000,54(3Suppl.):S80.
[5]NSK中国技术中心.轮毂轴承的发展趋势和最新技术[J].轴承,2007(3):46-50.NSK Technology Center in China.Development trend and new technology of hub bearings[J].Bearing,2007(3):46-50.
[6]郭婧.滚动轴承疲劳寿命综述[J].甘肃科技,2006(4):133-134.GUO Jing.The survey of rolling bearing fatigue life[J].Gansu Science and Technology,2006(4):133-134.
[7]李兴林,李俊卿,张仰平.滚动轴承快速寿命试验现状及发展[J].轴承,2006(12):44-47.LI Xinglin,LI Junqing,ZHANG Yangping.Current situation and development of fast life test for rolling bearings[J].Bearing,2006(12):44-47.
[8]李兴林.滚动轴承疲劳寿命强化试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,1995.LI Xinglin.Experimental study on accelerated fatigue life of rolling bearings[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,1995.
[9]鄢建辉,李兴林,蒋万里.轴承疲劳寿命理论的新进展[J].轴承,2005(11):38-44.YAN Jianhui,LIN Xinglin,JIANG Wanli.Progress of fatigue life theory of bearings[J].Bearing,2005(11):38-44.
[10]李兴林,李俊卿,张仰平.ABLT系列轴承疲劳寿命强化试验势在必行[J].现代零部件,2006(4):42-45.LI Xinglin,LI Junqing,ZHANG Yangping.Imperative of ABLT series of bearing fatigue life enhancement testing[J].Modern Components,2006(4):42-45.
[11]李兴林,张仰平,张燕辽.轴承疲劳寿命试验技术发展趋势[J].轴承,2005(2):42-43.LI Xinglin,ZHANG Yangping,ZHANG Yanliao.Development trend in test technology of bearing fatigue life[J].Bearing,2005(2):42-43.
[12]李兴林,张永恩,张仰平.滚动轴承疲劳寿命强化试验评估方法研究[J].轴承,2003(4):26-29.LI Xinglin,ZHANG Yongen,ZHANG Yangping.Study on estimation methods of accelerated rolling fatigue life test[J].Bearing,2003(4):26-29.
[13]刘金秀,关昀,闫红卫.PID在轴承模拟试验加载系统中的应用[J].河南科技大学学报,2003(2):26-29.LIU Jinxiu,GUAN Yun,YAN Hongwei.PID application in loading system in bearing simulation tests[J].Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology,2003(2):26-29.
[14]宋志臣.轴承变载变速模拟试验系统研发[D].大连:大连海事大学,2008.SONG Zhichen.Research and development of variable load and variable speed simulation test system for bearing[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2008.
[15]张金焕.汽车离合器分离轴承模拟试验技术的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004.ZHANG Jinhuan.Study on simulated testing technique for separate automobile clutch bearing[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2004.
[16]张金焕,桂贵生,于大力.汽车轮毂轴承模拟试验技术[J].轴承,2002(9):24-26.ZHANG Jinhuan,GUI Guisheng,YU Dali.Simulating test of automobile hub bearing[J].Bearing,2002(9):24-26.
[17]江薇,董国才.反坦克导弹仿真试验技术探讨[J].国防技术基础,2007(7):55-56.JIANG Wei,DONG Guocai.Discussion on simulation of anti-tank missile technology[J].Technology Foundation of National Defence,2007(7):55-56.
[18]李振.航空电子产品的可靠性设计与仿真试验[J].舰船电子工程,2014(6):46-51.LI Zhen.Reliability design and simulation test of the aerospace electronic products[J].Ship Electronic Engineering,2014(6):46-51.
[19]刘慧.基于ADAMS/Car汽车蛇行试验仿真[J].昆明理工大学学报,2011,36(2):38-40.LIU Hui.Simulation of vehicle zigzagging course experiment based on ADAMS/Car[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology,2011,36(2):38-40.
[20]邓四二,贾群义.滚动轴承设计原理[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.DENG Sier,JIA Qunyi.Design theory of rolling bearings[M].Beijing:Standard Press of China,2014.
[21]ZHANG Wenhu,DENG Sier,CHEN Guoding,et al.Study on the impact of roller convexity excursion of high-speed cylindrical roller bearing on roller’s dynamic characteristics[J].Mechanism&Machine Theory,2016,103:21-39.
[22]SAKAGUCH T,UENO K.Dynamic analysis of cage behavior in cylindrical roller bearing[J].NTN Technical Review,2004(71):8-17.
[23]WANG Yanshuang,DENG Sier,YANG Haisheng,et al.Analysis for traction characteristics of HKD aviation lubricating oil in rolling/sliding contacts[J].Acta Armamentarii,2009,30(7):958-961.
[24]HILBER H M,HUGHES T J R,TAYLOR R L.Improved numerical dissipation for time integration algorithms in structural dynamics[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,1977,5(3):283-292.
[25]BASUMALLIK A,MIN S J,EIGENMANN R.Programming distributed memory systems using OpenMP[C]//Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium,2007:1-8.
[26]MATTSON B T.Introduction to OpenMP-Tutorial[C]//ACM/IEEE Sc2006 Conference on High Performance Networking and Computing,2010.
[27]陈后清,王芳.保持架动态轨迹及滑动比测试试验机[J].轴承,2012(7):36-42.CHEN Houqing,WANG Fang.Test for measuring cage dynamic trajectory and sliding ratio[J].Bearing,2012(7):36-42.
[28]GUPTA P K,DILL J F,BANDOW H E.Dynamics of rolling element-bearings experimental validation of the DREB and RAPIDREB computer programs[J].Journal of Tribology,1985,107(1):132-137.
[29]刘秀海,邓四二,滕弘飞.高速圆柱滚子轴承保持架运动分析[J].航空发动机,2013,39(2):31-38.LIU Xiuhai,DENG Sier,TENG Hongfei.Kinematics analysis of cages in high-speed cylindrical roller bearings[J].Aeroengine,2013,39(2):31-38.
[2]李兴林,刘泽九,张燕辽.国外滚动轴承疲劳寿命试验的现状及其发展趋势[J].轴承,1995(12):30-38.LIN Xinglin,LIU Zejiu,ZHANG Yanliao.Present situation and trend of foreign rolling bearing fatigue life testing[J].Bearing,1995(12):30-38.
[3]BURKHARD A H.Combined environment reliability test(CERT)[J].Microelectronics Journal,1980,11(3):36.
[4]UMEZAWA K,BRANCH J,YAMAGAMI H,et al.Department of defense test method standard for environmental engineering considerations and laboratory tests[J].Annals of Emergency Medicine,2000,54(3Suppl.):S80.
[5]NSK中国技术中心.轮毂轴承的发展趋势和最新技术[J].轴承,2007(3):46-50.NSK Technology Center in China.Development trend and new technology of hub bearings[J].Bearing,2007(3):46-50.
[6]郭婧.滚动轴承疲劳寿命综述[J].甘肃科技,2006(4):133-134.GUO Jing.The survey of rolling bearing fatigue life[J].Gansu Science and Technology,2006(4):133-134.
[7]李兴林,李俊卿,张仰平.滚动轴承快速寿命试验现状及发展[J].轴承,2006(12):44-47.LI Xinglin,LI Junqing,ZHANG Yangping.Current situation and development of fast life test for rolling bearings[J].Bearing,2006(12):44-47.
[8]李兴林.滚动轴承疲劳寿命强化试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,1995.LI Xinglin.Experimental study on accelerated fatigue life of rolling bearings[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,1995.
[9]鄢建辉,李兴林,蒋万里.轴承疲劳寿命理论的新进展[J].轴承,2005(11):38-44.YAN Jianhui,LIN Xinglin,JIANG Wanli.Progress of fatigue life theory of bearings[J].Bearing,2005(11):38-44.
[10]李兴林,李俊卿,张仰平.ABLT系列轴承疲劳寿命强化试验势在必行[J].现代零部件,2006(4):42-45.LI Xinglin,LI Junqing,ZHANG Yangping.Imperative of ABLT series of bearing fatigue life enhancement testing[J].Modern Components,2006(4):42-45.
[11]李兴林,张仰平,张燕辽.轴承疲劳寿命试验技术发展趋势[J].轴承,2005(2):42-43.LI Xinglin,ZHANG Yangping,ZHANG Yanliao.Development trend in test technology of bearing fatigue life[J].Bearing,2005(2):42-43.
[12]李兴林,张永恩,张仰平.滚动轴承疲劳寿命强化试验评估方法研究[J].轴承,2003(4):26-29.LI Xinglin,ZHANG Yongen,ZHANG Yangping.Study on estimation methods of accelerated rolling fatigue life test[J].Bearing,2003(4):26-29.
[13]刘金秀,关昀,闫红卫.PID在轴承模拟试验加载系统中的应用[J].河南科技大学学报,2003(2):26-29.LIU Jinxiu,GUAN Yun,YAN Hongwei.PID application in loading system in bearing simulation tests[J].Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology,2003(2):26-29.
[14]宋志臣.轴承变载变速模拟试验系统研发[D].大连:大连海事大学,2008.SONG Zhichen.Research and development of variable load and variable speed simulation test system for bearing[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2008.
[15]张金焕.汽车离合器分离轴承模拟试验技术的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004.ZHANG Jinhuan.Study on simulated testing technique for separate automobile clutch bearing[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2004.
[16]张金焕,桂贵生,于大力.汽车轮毂轴承模拟试验技术[J].轴承,2002(9):24-26.ZHANG Jinhuan,GUI Guisheng,YU Dali.Simulating test of automobile hub bearing[J].Bearing,2002(9):24-26.
[17]江薇,董国才.反坦克导弹仿真试验技术探讨[J].国防技术基础,2007(7):55-56.JIANG Wei,DONG Guocai.Discussion on simulation of anti-tank missile technology[J].Technology Foundation of National Defence,2007(7):55-56.
[18]李振.航空电子产品的可靠性设计与仿真试验[J].舰船电子工程,2014(6):46-51.LI Zhen.Reliability design and simulation test of the aerospace electronic products[J].Ship Electronic Engineering,2014(6):46-51.
[19]刘慧.基于ADAMS/Car汽车蛇行试验仿真[J].昆明理工大学学报,2011,36(2):38-40.LIU Hui.Simulation of vehicle zigzagging course experiment based on ADAMS/Car[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology,2011,36(2):38-40.
[20]邓四二,贾群义.滚动轴承设计原理[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.DENG Sier,JIA Qunyi.Design theory of rolling bearings[M].Beijing:Standard Press of China,2014.
[21]ZHANG Wenhu,DENG Sier,CHEN Guoding,et al.Study on the impact of roller convexity excursion of high-speed cylindrical roller bearing on roller’s dynamic characteristics[J].Mechanism&Machine Theory,2016,103:21-39.
[22]SAKAGUCH T,UENO K.Dynamic analysis of cage behavior in cylindrical roller bearing[J].NTN Technical Review,2004(71):8-17.
[23]WANG Yanshuang,DENG Sier,YANG Haisheng,et al.Analysis for traction characteristics of HKD aviation lubricating oil in rolling/sliding contacts[J].Acta Armamentarii,2009,30(7):958-961.
[24]HILBER H M,HUGHES T J R,TAYLOR R L.Improved numerical dissipation for time integration algorithms in structural dynamics[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,1977,5(3):283-292.
[25]BASUMALLIK A,MIN S J,EIGENMANN R.Programming distributed memory systems using OpenMP[C]//Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium,2007:1-8.
[26]MATTSON B T.Introduction to OpenMP-Tutorial[C]//ACM/IEEE Sc2006 Conference on High Performance Networking and Computing,2010.
[27]陈后清,王芳.保持架动态轨迹及滑动比测试试验机[J].轴承,2012(7):36-42.CHEN Houqing,WANG Fang.Test for measuring cage dynamic trajectory and sliding ratio[J].Bearing,2012(7):36-42.
[28]GUPTA P K,DILL J F,BANDOW H E.Dynamics of rolling element-bearings experimental validation of the DREB and RAPIDREB computer programs[J].Journal of Tribology,1985,107(1):132-137.
[29]刘秀海,邓四二,滕弘飞.高速圆柱滚子轴承保持架运动分析[J].航空发动机,2013,39(2):31-38.LIU Xiuhai,DENG Sier,TENG Hongfei.Kinematics analysis of cages in high-speed cylindrical roller bearings[J].Aeroengine,2013,39(2):31-38.