创新价值链视角下中小企业创新效率多维度研究——基于加法分解的两阶段DEA模型
|
摘要
中小企业创新绩效提升和优化对我国经济发展至关重要。基于创新价值链视角,考虑企业所有权性质和生命周期、所属区域、行业多个维度,运用加法分解两阶段DEA模型对中小企业知识创新阶段和经济产出阶段效率进行评价。结果发现:企业所有权性质方面,国有企业两阶段效率都偏低,民营企业两阶段效率差距有限,合资企业研发效率远高于转化效率;企业所属行业方面,全行业研发效率普遍高于转化效率,信息技术两个阶段效率差距较大,其它行业次之,医药生物行业不显著;企业所属区域方面,东中西部地区研发效率和转化效率分别呈现"高低"、"低高"和"低低"现象;企业生命周期方面,生命周期不同阶段企业创新绩效存在显著差异。最后,基于上述结论提出相应对策与建议。
The promotions and optimizations of SMEs' innovation performance are very important to the economic development of our country.From the perspective of innovation value chain,considering the ownership nature and life cycle of enterprises,their industries and the regions that they are located,this paper uses two-stage additive decomposition DEA model to evaluate the R & D efficiency and economic output transformation efficiency of SMEs.The outcome shows that:if we look at the enterprises' ownership nature,we can find out that the two stages efficiency of state-owned enterprises is low,while the differences of the two stages efficiency of private enterprises is quite limited,but the R & D efficiency of joint ventures is far higher than that of their economic output transformation efficiency;from the perspective of industry,this paper finds that the research and development efficiency of enterprises is generally higher than that of their economic output transformation efficiency,more specifically,the gap between the two stages efficiency of information technology is large,followed by other industries,and the gap of pharmaceutical and biological industries is not significant;In terms of the regions,the two efficiencies of enterprises located in the eastern,central and western regions showing "high,low", "low,high" and "low,low" respectively;from the perspective of enterprises' life cycle,there are significant differences in innovation performance of enterprises at different stages of the life cycle.Finally,based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward the corresponding measures and suggestions.
The promotions and optimizations of SMEs' innovation performance are very important to the economic development of our country.From the perspective of innovation value chain,considering the ownership nature and life cycle of enterprises,their industries and the regions that they are located,this paper uses two-stage additive decomposition DEA model to evaluate the R & D efficiency and economic output transformation efficiency of SMEs.The outcome shows that:if we look at the enterprises' ownership nature,we can find out that the two stages efficiency of state-owned enterprises is low,while the differences of the two stages efficiency of private enterprises is quite limited,but the R & D efficiency of joint ventures is far higher than that of their economic output transformation efficiency;from the perspective of industry,this paper finds that the research and development efficiency of enterprises is generally higher than that of their economic output transformation efficiency,more specifically,the gap between the two stages efficiency of information technology is large,followed by other industries,and the gap of pharmaceutical and biological industries is not significant;In terms of the regions,the two efficiencies of enterprises located in the eastern,central and western regions showing "high,low", "low,high" and "low,low" respectively;from the perspective of enterprises' life cycle,there are significant differences in innovation performance of enterprises at different stages of the life cycle.Finally,based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward the corresponding measures and suggestions.
引文
[1]张来明.中小企业必须创新发展[J].工业审计与会计,2015(3):27-29.
[2]RAYMOND L,BERGERON F.Innovation capability and performance of manufacturing smes:the paradoxical effect of it integration[J].Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,2013(23):249-272.
[3]CHIA Y C,YU L L.Facilitators of national innovation policy in a SME-dominated country:a case study of Taiwan[J].Innovation:Management,Policy andpractice,2013(15):405-415.
[4]CHO C,SUN Y P,SON J K,et al.Comparative analysis of R&D-based innovation capabilities in smes to design innovation policy[J].Science&Public Policy,2017,44(3):scw073.
[5]PRUSA J.The most efficient czech sme sectors:an application of robust data envelopment analysis[J].Working Papers Ies,2009,62(2009/03):44-67.
[6]PARK S.Analyzing the efficiency of small and mediumsized enterprises of a national technology innovation research and development program[J].Springerplus,2014,3(1):403.
[7]YANG X Z,XU N,HUI H Q.Multi-layer fuzzy dea evaluation method for technology innovation support system of SME[J].2013(3):1346-1351.
[8]AYYAGARI M,DEMIRGUE-KUNT A,MAKSIMOVICV.Firm innovationin emerging markets:the roles of governance and finance[J].Journal of Financial and Quantitative A-nalysis,2011,46(6):1545-1580.
[9]汤临佳,池仁勇,骆秀娟.中小企业创新政策前沿[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013(8):138-147.
[10]唐晓云.中国中小企业创新政策的分析---基于1997-2008年样本[J].科学学研究,2011(12):1807-1812.
[11]苑泽明,李田,王红.科技型中小企业创新效率评价研究---基于科技金融政策投入视角[J].科技管理研究,2016(16):39-44.
[12]徐勇,宋罡.基于DEA和SFA比较分析的中小企业技术效率区域差异研究[J].学术研究,2013(6):87-90.
[13]魏峰,江永红,安徽省中小企业技术创新效率的评价及影响因素分析[J].中国科技论坛,2012(8):100-106.
[14]CHEN Y,ZHU J.Measuring information technologies indirect impact on firm performance[J].Information Technology&Management Journal,2004(1-2):9-22.
[15]李兰冰.中国铁路运营效率实证研究:基于双活动双阶段效率评估模型[J].南开经济研究,2010(5):95-110.
[16]彭煜,等.Malmquist指数法对西部地区技术创新效率的评价---基于两阶段关联DEA方法[J].运筹与管理,2013(3):162-168.
[17]宇文晶,马丽华,李海霞.基于两阶段串联DEA的区域高技术产业创新效率及影响因素研究[J].研究与发展管理,2015(3):137-146.
[18]MORTN T HANSEN,JULIAN BIRKINSHAW.The innovation value chain[J].Harvard Business Review,2007,85(6):121.
[19]胡树华,张俊,杨晓璇,等.基于两阶段测度的中小企业创新效率评价研究[J].经济体制改革,2015(6):107-112.
[20]JIANGCHEN G UAN,KAIHUA CHEN.Measuring the innovation production process:a cross-region empirical study of China′s high-techinnovation[J].Technovation,2010(30):348-358.
[21]吴延兵.不同所有制企业技术创新能力考察[J].产业经济研究,2014(2):53-64.
[22]LIN C,LIN P,SONG F.Property rights protection and corporate R&D:evidence from China[J].Journal of Development Economics,2010,93(1):49-62.
[23]董晓芳,袁燕.企业创新、生命周期与聚集经济[J].经济学,2014(2):767-792.
[2]RAYMOND L,BERGERON F.Innovation capability and performance of manufacturing smes:the paradoxical effect of it integration[J].Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,2013(23):249-272.
[3]CHIA Y C,YU L L.Facilitators of national innovation policy in a SME-dominated country:a case study of Taiwan[J].Innovation:Management,Policy andpractice,2013(15):405-415.
[4]CHO C,SUN Y P,SON J K,et al.Comparative analysis of R&D-based innovation capabilities in smes to design innovation policy[J].Science&Public Policy,2017,44(3):scw073.
[5]PRUSA J.The most efficient czech sme sectors:an application of robust data envelopment analysis[J].Working Papers Ies,2009,62(2009/03):44-67.
[6]PARK S.Analyzing the efficiency of small and mediumsized enterprises of a national technology innovation research and development program[J].Springerplus,2014,3(1):403.
[7]YANG X Z,XU N,HUI H Q.Multi-layer fuzzy dea evaluation method for technology innovation support system of SME[J].2013(3):1346-1351.
[8]AYYAGARI M,DEMIRGUE-KUNT A,MAKSIMOVICV.Firm innovationin emerging markets:the roles of governance and finance[J].Journal of Financial and Quantitative A-nalysis,2011,46(6):1545-1580.
[9]汤临佳,池仁勇,骆秀娟.中小企业创新政策前沿[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013(8):138-147.
[10]唐晓云.中国中小企业创新政策的分析---基于1997-2008年样本[J].科学学研究,2011(12):1807-1812.
[11]苑泽明,李田,王红.科技型中小企业创新效率评价研究---基于科技金融政策投入视角[J].科技管理研究,2016(16):39-44.
[12]徐勇,宋罡.基于DEA和SFA比较分析的中小企业技术效率区域差异研究[J].学术研究,2013(6):87-90.
[13]魏峰,江永红,安徽省中小企业技术创新效率的评价及影响因素分析[J].中国科技论坛,2012(8):100-106.
[14]CHEN Y,ZHU J.Measuring information technologies indirect impact on firm performance[J].Information Technology&Management Journal,2004(1-2):9-22.
[15]李兰冰.中国铁路运营效率实证研究:基于双活动双阶段效率评估模型[J].南开经济研究,2010(5):95-110.
[16]彭煜,等.Malmquist指数法对西部地区技术创新效率的评价---基于两阶段关联DEA方法[J].运筹与管理,2013(3):162-168.
[17]宇文晶,马丽华,李海霞.基于两阶段串联DEA的区域高技术产业创新效率及影响因素研究[J].研究与发展管理,2015(3):137-146.
[18]MORTN T HANSEN,JULIAN BIRKINSHAW.The innovation value chain[J].Harvard Business Review,2007,85(6):121.
[19]胡树华,张俊,杨晓璇,等.基于两阶段测度的中小企业创新效率评价研究[J].经济体制改革,2015(6):107-112.
[20]JIANGCHEN G UAN,KAIHUA CHEN.Measuring the innovation production process:a cross-region empirical study of China′s high-techinnovation[J].Technovation,2010(30):348-358.
[21]吴延兵.不同所有制企业技术创新能力考察[J].产业经济研究,2014(2):53-64.
[22]LIN C,LIN P,SONG F.Property rights protection and corporate R&D:evidence from China[J].Journal of Development Economics,2010,93(1):49-62.
[23]董晓芳,袁燕.企业创新、生命周期与聚集经济[J].经济学,2014(2):767-792.