国企改革与工业发展:改革开放40年的经验与证据
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摘要
本文立足于改革开放以来国有企业改革的制度背景和典型事实,利用1978～2017年工业部门分行业数据,从所有制结构视角分析国有企业改革对工业发展的影响。研究发现,国有企业改革打破了国有经济与非国有经济的二元经济结构,国有经济比重的降低,促进了工业部门的结构优化与产出效率提升。因此,要准确把握国有企业改革的政策红利和结构红利,并以此作为产业政策制定依据,由此推动产业结构向中高端迈进及工业经济的高质量发展。
This paper analyzes the institute background and characteristic fact of reform of stated-owned enterprise, and analyzes the effect of reform in state-owned enterprise on industrial development based on the view of structure of ownership. It collects the industry data in national level from 1978 to 2017 and the empirical results show that reform of stated-owned enterprises break the economic structure of stated-owned economy and non-stated-owned economy and the reform of stated-owned enterprises significantly promotes the rationalization of industrial structure and the productivity of industrial sectors. Therefore we should seize the opportunity period of state-owned sector reform, further release the policy dividends and structural dividends of reform of state-owned enterprises so as to accelerate the industrial structure from the low-level to the middle and high-level.
This paper analyzes the institute background and characteristic fact of reform of stated-owned enterprise, and analyzes the effect of reform in state-owned enterprise on industrial development based on the view of structure of ownership. It collects the industry data in national level from 1978 to 2017 and the empirical results show that reform of stated-owned enterprises break the economic structure of stated-owned economy and non-stated-owned economy and the reform of stated-owned enterprises significantly promotes the rationalization of industrial structure and the productivity of industrial sectors. Therefore we should seize the opportunity period of state-owned sector reform, further release the policy dividends and structural dividends of reform of state-owned enterprises so as to accelerate the industrial structure from the low-level to the middle and high-level.
引文
[1]厉以宁.中国经济双重转型之路[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.2-5.
[2]刘瑞明.中国的国有企业效率:一个文献综述[J].世界经济,2013,(11):136-160.
[3]Bai C E, Lu J, Tao Z. How Does Privatization Work in China?[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2009, 37(03): 453-470.
[4]D' Souza J, Hassan K, Varela O, Wei Z. The Financial and Operating Performance of China's Newly Privatized Firms [J]. Financial Management, 2003, 32(02): 107-126.
[5]Sun Q, Tong W H. China Share Issue Privatization: The Extent of Its Success [J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2003, 70(02): 183-222.
[6]Xu X, Wang Y. Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance in Chinese Stock Companies[J]. China Economic Review, 1999, 10(01): 75-98.
[7]Zhang A, Zhang Y, Zhao R. Impact of Ownership and Competition on the Productivity of Chinese Enterprises[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2001, 29(02): 327-346.
[8]盛丹.国有企业改制、竞争程度与社会福利——基于企业成本加成率的考察[J].经济学(季刊),2013,(04):1465-1490.
[9]陈林,唐杨柳.混合所有制改革与国有企业政策性负担——基于早期国企产权改革大数据的实证研究[J].经济学家,2014,(11):13-23.
[10]盛丹,刘灿雷.外部监管能够改善国企经营绩效与改制成效吗?[J].经济研究.2016,(10):97-111.
[11]陈林,自然垄断与混合所有制改革——基于自然实验与成本函数的分析[J].经济研究,2018,(01):97-111.
[12][17][19]刘瑞明.所有制结构、增长差异与地区差距:历史因素影响了增长轨迹吗?[J].经济研究,2011,(02):16-27.
[13]刘瑞明,石磊.中国城市化迟滞的所有制基础:理论与经验证据[J].经济研究,2015,(04):107-121.
[14][18]吴振宇,张文魁.国有经济比重对宏观经济运行的影响——2000～2012年的经验研究[J].管理世界,2015,(02):12-16.
[15]干春晖,郑若谷,余典范.中国产业结构变迁对经济增长和波动的影响[J].经济研究,2011,(05):4-16.
[16]方红生,张军.中国地方政府竞争、预算软约束与扩张偏向的财政行为[J].经济研究,2009,(12):4-16.
(1)数据源于国家统计局:《改革开放40年经济社会发展成就系列报告》,2018-08-29。
(2)12个行业分别为:冶金、电力、煤炭及炼焦、石油、化学、机械、建筑材料、森林、食品、纺织缝纫及皮革、造纸及文教用品、其他工业。
(3)本文计算的产业结构合理化指标越小(越趋近于0),表示产业结构合理化程度越高。
[2]刘瑞明.中国的国有企业效率:一个文献综述[J].世界经济,2013,(11):136-160.
[3]Bai C E, Lu J, Tao Z. How Does Privatization Work in China?[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2009, 37(03): 453-470.
[4]D' Souza J, Hassan K, Varela O, Wei Z. The Financial and Operating Performance of China's Newly Privatized Firms [J]. Financial Management, 2003, 32(02): 107-126.
[5]Sun Q, Tong W H. China Share Issue Privatization: The Extent of Its Success [J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2003, 70(02): 183-222.
[6]Xu X, Wang Y. Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance in Chinese Stock Companies[J]. China Economic Review, 1999, 10(01): 75-98.
[7]Zhang A, Zhang Y, Zhao R. Impact of Ownership and Competition on the Productivity of Chinese Enterprises[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2001, 29(02): 327-346.
[8]盛丹.国有企业改制、竞争程度与社会福利——基于企业成本加成率的考察[J].经济学(季刊),2013,(04):1465-1490.
[9]陈林,唐杨柳.混合所有制改革与国有企业政策性负担——基于早期国企产权改革大数据的实证研究[J].经济学家,2014,(11):13-23.
[10]盛丹,刘灿雷.外部监管能够改善国企经营绩效与改制成效吗?[J].经济研究.2016,(10):97-111.
[11]陈林,自然垄断与混合所有制改革——基于自然实验与成本函数的分析[J].经济研究,2018,(01):97-111.
[12][17][19]刘瑞明.所有制结构、增长差异与地区差距:历史因素影响了增长轨迹吗?[J].经济研究,2011,(02):16-27.
[13]刘瑞明,石磊.中国城市化迟滞的所有制基础:理论与经验证据[J].经济研究,2015,(04):107-121.
[14][18]吴振宇,张文魁.国有经济比重对宏观经济运行的影响——2000～2012年的经验研究[J].管理世界,2015,(02):12-16.
[15]干春晖,郑若谷,余典范.中国产业结构变迁对经济增长和波动的影响[J].经济研究,2011,(05):4-16.
[16]方红生,张军.中国地方政府竞争、预算软约束与扩张偏向的财政行为[J].经济研究,2009,(12):4-16.
(1)数据源于国家统计局:《改革开放40年经济社会发展成就系列报告》,2018-08-29。
(2)12个行业分别为:冶金、电力、煤炭及炼焦、石油、化学、机械、建筑材料、森林、食品、纺织缝纫及皮革、造纸及文教用品、其他工业。
(3)本文计算的产业结构合理化指标越小(越趋近于0),表示产业结构合理化程度越高。