沼渣施肥对桉树人工林土壤氨氧化古菌丰度和群落结构的影响
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摘要
针对沼渣在桉树集约化经营中的合理利用,为了解桉树人工林种植在氮素生物地球化学循环中的作用,在尾巨桉人工林地布设了沼渣、桉树专用肥和对照CK共3组施肥试验,采用实时荧光定量和变性梯度凝胶电泳方法研究沼渣施肥对桉树人工林土壤氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)丰度和群落结构的影响。结果表明,尾巨桉人工林土壤施用沼渣后对AOA的丰度和群落结构均产生了一定的影响。施用沼渣显著促进了AOA的生长,土壤总氮、有机碳和硝态氮含量均与AOA丰度呈显著正相关(P﹤0.05),与土壤pH和铵态氮以及尾巨桉树高、胸径和材积相关不显著(P﹥0.05)。施用沼渣的尾巨桉人工林土壤AOA的群落结构多样性要比施用桉树专用肥的AOA的群落结构多样性好。
In order to rationally utilize biogas residue in the process of intensive management of Eucalyptus plantation and understand the role of Eucalyptus plantation in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle,3 treatments,namely biogas residue,Eucalyptus-special fertilizer and an unfertilized control(CK)were carried out in the Eucalyptus plantation soils.The abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) of Eucalyptus plantation soils were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE).The results showed that the application of biogas residue in Eucalyptus plantation had a certain impact on the abundance and community structure of AOA.The application of biogas residue significantly promoted the growth of AOA.The AOA abundance was significantly correlated with the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen(P < 0.05),and not significantly correlated with soil pH,ammonium nitrogen,tree height,breast diameter and timber volume of Eucalyptus urophlla×E.grandis(P > 0.05).The community structure diversity of AOA in the E.urophlla×E.grandis plantation soil treated with biogas residue was better than that of the AOA with the E.ucalyptus-special fertilizer.
In order to rationally utilize biogas residue in the process of intensive management of Eucalyptus plantation and understand the role of Eucalyptus plantation in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle,3 treatments,namely biogas residue,Eucalyptus-special fertilizer and an unfertilized control(CK)were carried out in the Eucalyptus plantation soils.The abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) of Eucalyptus plantation soils were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE).The results showed that the application of biogas residue in Eucalyptus plantation had a certain impact on the abundance and community structure of AOA.The application of biogas residue significantly promoted the growth of AOA.The AOA abundance was significantly correlated with the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen(P < 0.05),and not significantly correlated with soil pH,ammonium nitrogen,tree height,breast diameter and timber volume of Eucalyptus urophlla×E.grandis(P > 0.05).The community structure diversity of AOA in the E.urophlla×E.grandis plantation soil treated with biogas residue was better than that of the AOA with the E.ucalyptus-special fertilizer.
引文
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[2]黄国勤,赵其国.广西桉树种植的历史、现状、生态问题及应对策略[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5142-5152.
[3]Jurskis V.Eucalypt decline in Australia,and a general concept of tree decline and dieback [J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,215(1/3):1-20.
[4]任世奇,郭东强,项东云.桉树林对水库蓄水量及水质影响的调查研究[J].广西林业科学,2018,47(1):72-77.
[5]蒋云东,周云,阚忠明,等.云南2-7年生直干桉人工林土壤物理性状研究[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(4):7-13.
[6]Basiliko N,Khan A,Prescott C E,et al.Soil greenhouse gas and nutrient dynamics in fertilized western Canadian plantation forests[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere,2009,39(6):1220-1235.
[7]葛振,魏源送,刘建,等.沼渣特性及其资源化利用探究[J].中国沼气,2014,32(3):74-82.
[8]Prosser J I.Autotrophic nitrification in bacteria[J].Advances in Microbial Physiology,1989,30 (1):125-181.
[9]Brochierarmanet C,Boussau B,Gribaldo S,et al.Mesophilic crenarchaeota:Proposal for a third archaeal phylum,the Thaumarchaeota [J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6 (3):245-252.
[10]Leininger S,Urich T,Schloter M,et al.Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils[J].Nature,2006,442(710):806-809.
[11]黄荣林,黄加祥,杨炳壮,等.桉树人工林沼肥对比试验研究 [J].林业实用技术,2015(2):17-20.
[12]李金怀,赵德钦,蒋湖波,等.等养分不同肥料的施用对桉树生长影响及效益分析[J].中国沼气,2012,30(4):52-54.
[13]韦长江,彭健,周燕.广西国有三门江林场桉树引种造林概况及分析 [J].桉树科技,2017,34(3):47-50.
[14]岑巨延.广西桉树人工林二元立木材积动态模型研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2007,28(1):91-95.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16]张苗苗,王伯仁,李冬初,等.长期施加氮肥及氧化钙调节对酸性土壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(19):6362-6370.
[17]李景云,秦嗣军,葛鹏,等.不同生育期苹果园土壤氨氧化微生物丰度研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):1149-1156.
[18]王欣丽,朱飞,姚静,等.长期施肥对酸性土壤氨氧化微生物群落的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):375-382.
[19]Chen X,Zhang L M,Shen J P,et al.Abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in an acid paddy soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47(3):323-331.
[20] Gao D W,Liu F Q,Li L,et al.Diversity and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in a marsh wetland of the northeast China[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2018,102:8561-8571.
[21] 武传东,辛亮,李秀颖,等.长期施肥对黄土旱塬黑垆土氨氧化古菌群落多样性和丰度的影响 [J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4230-4239.
[22] 贺纪正,张丽梅.氨氧化微生物生态学与氮循环研究进展 [J].生态学报,2009,29(1):406-415.
[23]Wu R N,Meng H,Wang Y F,et al.Effects of reforestation on ammonia-oxidizing microbial community composition and abundance in subtropical acidic forest soils[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2018,102(8):5309-5322.
[24] Nejc S,Cecile G,Spela H,et al.Thaumarchaeal ammonia oxidation in an acidic forest peat soil is not influenced by ammonium amendment [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2010,76(22):7626-7634.
[25]Jia Z J,Conrad R.Bacteria rather than archaea dominate microbial ammonia oxidation in an agricultural soil[J].Environmental Microbiology,2009,11(7):1658-1671.
[26]Wess■n E,Nyberg K,Jansson J K,et al.Responses of bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidizers to soil organic and fertilizer amendments under long-term management[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2010,45(3):193-200.