花青素苷提取专用菊种质及适宜采收期的筛选
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摘要
为筛选花青素苷提取专用菊种质并探究其适宜采收期,以4个色系、7个菊花品种为试材,测定了不同采收期产量及品质指标的变化。结果表明,随着采收期推迟,不同品种单花序花瓣干质量和单花序花青素苷含量逐渐增加,达到最大值后维持在最高水平或有不同程度下降,花青素苷含量则均呈先增加再减少的变化趋势。小菊品种单花序花瓣干质量和单花序花青素苷含量均小于大菊品种,但花青素苷含量普遍高于大菊品种。小菊品种按花青素苷含量从小到大的顺序依次为:粉色思绪(粉色)<橙小菊(橙色)<粉小菊(粉色)<意大利红(红色)<红五九(紫色)。大菊品种紫玉(紫色)和姹紫嫣红(紫色)与橙小菊接近。小菊品种红五九的花青素苷含量(14. 04 mg/g)和单花序花青素苷含量(0. 76 mg/g)均在盛花中期达到最大值。进一步开展红五九不同采收期分批次采收试验,发现在盛花中期采收的5个批次样品,单花序花瓣干质量、花青素苷含量和单花序花青素苷含量均较高,且花青素苷含量(11. 91~12. 99 mg/g)变化平稳。因此,确定小菊品种红五九为花青素苷提取专用菊种质,其适宜采收期为盛花期。
In order to indentify the special chrysanthemum germplasms and the optimal harvesting time for anthocyanin extraction,four color series of chrysanthemum including seven cultivars were used as the materials,the changes of the anthocyanin product and quality indices were measured at different harvesting time. The results showed that with the delay of the harvesting time,the petals dry weight and the anthocyanin yield per flower head increased gradually to the maximum,then remained stable or decreased. The anthocyanin content increased firstly and then decreased. The anthocyanin contents of small-flowered cultivars were generally higher than those of the big-flowered cultivars. Based on the anthocyanin contents,the order of small-flowered cultivars was as follows: Fensesixu(pink) < small orange chrysanthemum(orange) < small pink chrysanthemum(pink) < Italy red(red) < red five nine(purple).The two large-flowered purple cultivars Ziyu and Chaziyanhong were close to small orange chrysanthemum. Both the anthocyanin content(14. 04 mg/g) and the anthocyanin yield per flower head(0. 76 mg/g) of red five nine reached the maximum value in at stage Ⅳ(mid-florescence). Furthermore,5 batches of red five nine was harvested in at stage Ⅳ,the indices were generally higher than that of the other stages,and the change of the anchocyanin content(11. 91—12. 99 mg/g) was steady. Therefore,red five nine was indentified as the special chrysanthemum germplasms for anthocyanin extraction,and the optimal harvesting time was stage Ⅳ.
In order to indentify the special chrysanthemum germplasms and the optimal harvesting time for anthocyanin extraction,four color series of chrysanthemum including seven cultivars were used as the materials,the changes of the anthocyanin product and quality indices were measured at different harvesting time. The results showed that with the delay of the harvesting time,the petals dry weight and the anthocyanin yield per flower head increased gradually to the maximum,then remained stable or decreased. The anthocyanin content increased firstly and then decreased. The anthocyanin contents of small-flowered cultivars were generally higher than those of the big-flowered cultivars. Based on the anthocyanin contents,the order of small-flowered cultivars was as follows: Fensesixu(pink) < small orange chrysanthemum(orange) < small pink chrysanthemum(pink) < Italy red(red) < red five nine(purple).The two large-flowered purple cultivars Ziyu and Chaziyanhong were close to small orange chrysanthemum. Both the anthocyanin content(14. 04 mg/g) and the anthocyanin yield per flower head(0. 76 mg/g) of red five nine reached the maximum value in at stage Ⅳ(mid-florescence). Furthermore,5 batches of red five nine was harvested in at stage Ⅳ,the indices were generally higher than that of the other stages,and the change of the anchocyanin content(11. 91—12. 99 mg/g) was steady. Therefore,red five nine was indentified as the special chrysanthemum germplasms for anthocyanin extraction,and the optimal harvesting time was stage Ⅳ.
引文
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[2]王璐,戴思兰,金雪花,等.植物花青素苷转运机制的研究进展[J].生物工程学报,2014,30(6):848-863.
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[9]孙卫,李崇晖,王亮生,等.菊花不同花色品种中花青素苷代谢分析[J].植物学报,2010,45(3):327-336.
[10]张莉俊,戴思兰.菊花种质资源研究[J].植物学报,2009,44(5):526-535.
[11]刘萍,付大军,丁义峰,等. SA+Ca Cl2对菊花蕾期生理及开花的影响[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(3):123-126.
[12]徐文斌,郭巧生,李彦农,等.药用菊花不同栽培类型内在质量的比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(21):1645-1647.
[13]韩科厅,赵莉,唐杏姣,等.菊花花青素苷合成关键基因表达与花色表型的关系[J].园艺学报,2012,39(3):516-524.
[14]白晓艳.采收期对药用菊花产量和质量的影响[J].河北林业科技,2015(3):10-11.
[15]翦祎,韩舜愈,张波,等.单一p H法、p H示差法和差减法快速测定干红葡萄酒中总花色苷含量的比较[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(23):323-325,423.
[16]唐琳,李子江,赵磊,等.两种p H值法测定玫瑰花花色苷含量的比较[J].食品科学,2009,30(18):310-313.
[17]杜晓茜,丰震,杨丽娟,等. p H示差法测定不同品系元宝枫叶片花青苷含量[J].天津农业科学,2016,22(9):36-39.
[18]Giusti M M,Wrolstad R E. Characterization and measurement of anthocyanins by UV-visible spectroscopy[J].John Wiley&Sons Ltd.,2001,97(2):63-69.
[19]Xiang L L,Liu X F,Li X,et al. A novel b HLH transcription factor involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemums(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)[J]. PLo S One,2015,10(11):e0143892.
[20]刘晶,张燕丽,付起凤,等.金银花最佳采收期的研究[J].中医药信息,2011,28(3):49-50.
[21]杨俊,蒋惠娣,戈震,等.杭白菊绿原酸及其他成分的含量在采摘期中的动态变化[J].中国药学杂志,2003,38(11):833-836.
[22]胡碧波,蒋惠娣,杨俊,等. HPLC法测定不同采收期杭白菊中木犀草素及其苷的含量[J].浙江大学学报(医学版),2004,33(1):29-32.
[2]王璐,戴思兰,金雪花,等.植物花青素苷转运机制的研究进展[J].生物工程学报,2014,30(6):848-863.
[3]陈晶晶.蓝莓花青素苷元的制备技术及其对Hep G2细胞增殖抑制作用研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2017.
[4]Ananga A,Georgiev V,Ochieng J W,et al. Production of anthocyanins in grape cell cultures:A potential source of raw material for pharmaceutical,food,and cosmetic industries[J]. Intech,2013,11:247-287.
[5]刘仁道,张猛,李新贤.草莓和蓝莓果实花青素提取及定量方法的比较[J].园艺学报,2008,35(5):655-660.
[6]Arokiyaraj S,Dinesh K V,Elakya V,et al. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using floral extract of Chrysanthemum indicum L.—Potential for malaria vector control[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(13):9759-9765.
[7]Cai H,Marczylo T H,Teller N,et al. Anthocyanin-rich red grape extract impedes adenoma development in the Apc(Min)mouse:Pharmacodynamic changes and anthocyanin levels in the murine biophase[J]. European Journal of Cancer,2010,46(4):811-817.
[8]伏静,戴思兰.基于高光谱成像技术的菊花花色表型和色素成分分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):89-96.
[9]孙卫,李崇晖,王亮生,等.菊花不同花色品种中花青素苷代谢分析[J].植物学报,2010,45(3):327-336.
[10]张莉俊,戴思兰.菊花种质资源研究[J].植物学报,2009,44(5):526-535.
[11]刘萍,付大军,丁义峰,等. SA+Ca Cl2对菊花蕾期生理及开花的影响[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(3):123-126.
[12]徐文斌,郭巧生,李彦农,等.药用菊花不同栽培类型内在质量的比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(21):1645-1647.
[13]韩科厅,赵莉,唐杏姣,等.菊花花青素苷合成关键基因表达与花色表型的关系[J].园艺学报,2012,39(3):516-524.
[14]白晓艳.采收期对药用菊花产量和质量的影响[J].河北林业科技,2015(3):10-11.
[15]翦祎,韩舜愈,张波,等.单一p H法、p H示差法和差减法快速测定干红葡萄酒中总花色苷含量的比较[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(23):323-325,423.
[16]唐琳,李子江,赵磊,等.两种p H值法测定玫瑰花花色苷含量的比较[J].食品科学,2009,30(18):310-313.
[17]杜晓茜,丰震,杨丽娟,等. p H示差法测定不同品系元宝枫叶片花青苷含量[J].天津农业科学,2016,22(9):36-39.
[18]Giusti M M,Wrolstad R E. Characterization and measurement of anthocyanins by UV-visible spectroscopy[J].John Wiley&Sons Ltd.,2001,97(2):63-69.
[19]Xiang L L,Liu X F,Li X,et al. A novel b HLH transcription factor involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemums(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)[J]. PLo S One,2015,10(11):e0143892.
[20]刘晶,张燕丽,付起凤,等.金银花最佳采收期的研究[J].中医药信息,2011,28(3):49-50.
[21]杨俊,蒋惠娣,戈震,等.杭白菊绿原酸及其他成分的含量在采摘期中的动态变化[J].中国药学杂志,2003,38(11):833-836.
[22]胡碧波,蒋惠娣,杨俊,等. HPLC法测定不同采收期杭白菊中木犀草素及其苷的含量[J].浙江大学学报(医学版),2004,33(1):29-32.