两株浅层底泥菌对铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏的调控作用
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摘要
将起始浓度不同的单菌和混合菌(Ba.sp06+Str.v13)分别与铜绿微囊藻休眠体及底泥共包埋,在梯度温度下进行24 d休眠体复苏实验.结果表明,温度低于10℃时,菌株Str.v13的生长增殖能力显著强于菌株Ba.sp06,各菌组休眠体复苏率最高为0.02%;在温度为15和20℃条件下,Ba.sp06与Str.v13两菌株浓度比例(以下简称"菌比")为1∶1时混合菌组休眠体复苏率(15℃时为15.5%,20℃时为23.5%)与对照组无显著差异(15℃时为15%,20℃时为22.6%),但显著低于Ba.sp06单菌组(34.5%);菌比2∶1时Ba.sp06菌对Str.v13菌具抑制效应,混合菌组复苏率(15℃时为31%,20℃时为35%)显著高于对照组,而与Ba.sp06单菌组无显著差异;菌比为1∶2时Str.v13菌对Ba.sp06菌具抑制效应,混合菌组休眠体复苏率(15℃时为6%,20℃时为6.5%)均显著低于菌比为1∶1、2∶1时及Ba.sp06单菌组,但高于Str.v13单菌组(3%).同时,各复苏阶段对复苏率的贡献主要集中在启动复苏的第12~18 d.实验表明,底泥表层铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏不仅受温度影响(>10℃),且复苏率受底栖菌Ba.sp06与Str.v13的起始浓度影响,Ba.sp06菌的起始浓度高于Str.v13菌时促进休眠体复苏,低于Str.v13菌时复苏受到抑制.因此,可以在铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏前期通过调节Ba.sp06与Str.v13菌比来调控休眠体复苏率,为从源头防控微囊藻水华暴发提供理论依据.
Benthic bacteria play an important role in nutrient cycling and stability of aquatic ecosystem. Understanding the role of benthic bacteria in recruitment of M. aeruginosa from sediment is essential for effective control of toxic blooming. In this study,we investigated the effect of different ratio of two benthic bacteria on recruitment of dormant M. aeruginosa cells from sediment under different temperature conditions. When benthic bacterial strains Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 were inoculated at the initial ratio of 1∶1 into the sediment embedded with dormant M. aeruginosa cells under different temperature conditions for 24 days,the growth and proliferation ability of strain Str.v13 was significantly stronger than that of strain Ba.sp06 at 10 ℃,but it had no significant impact on the recruitment rate of M. aeruginosa cells since the recruitment rates were limited to 0.02% among all groups. Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 mixture groups( 15.5% at 15 ℃ and 23.5% at 20 ℃) had no significant influenceon the recruitment of M. aeruginosa,compared with the control( 15% at15 ℃ and 22.6% at 20 ℃),although was significantly lower than the single Ba.sp06 group. When the initial ratio of Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 was at 2∶1,Ba.sp06 significantly inhibited Str.v13 growth,leading to a significant increase in the recruitment rate of M. aeruginosa cells( 31% at 15 ℃ and 35% at 20℃) from the sediment,compared to the control,and had no significant difference compared with the single Ba. sp06 group. However,when the initial ratio of strain Ba.sp06: Str.v13 was at 1∶2,Str.v13 significantly inhibited Ba.sp06 growth,resulting in significant inhibition of the recruitment rate of M.aeruginosa cells( only 6% at 15 ℃ and 6.5% at 20 ℃),which were significantly lower than 1∶1,2∶1 mixtures and single Ba.sp06 groups. In addition,there were differences in the specific recruitment rates of M. aeruginosa cells during different culture stages,the specific recruitment rates from day 12 to day 18 were significantly higher than that in early stage( from day 6 to 12) and late stage( from day 18 to 24) at both 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. There were no differences in the specific recruitment rates of M. aeruginosa cells among all groups within the same culture stages. These results indicate that the synergistic effect of benthic bacteria on the recruitment of M. aeruginosa cells occurs when the initial ratio of Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 was at above 2∶ 1,and retarding effect at below 1∶1 under the temperature of 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. Therefore,the recruitment rate of M. aeruginosa cells can be inhibited before the recruitment of microcystis dormancy by regulating ratio of Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 at above 10 ℃.
Benthic bacteria play an important role in nutrient cycling and stability of aquatic ecosystem. Understanding the role of benthic bacteria in recruitment of M. aeruginosa from sediment is essential for effective control of toxic blooming. In this study,we investigated the effect of different ratio of two benthic bacteria on recruitment of dormant M. aeruginosa cells from sediment under different temperature conditions. When benthic bacterial strains Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 were inoculated at the initial ratio of 1∶1 into the sediment embedded with dormant M. aeruginosa cells under different temperature conditions for 24 days,the growth and proliferation ability of strain Str.v13 was significantly stronger than that of strain Ba.sp06 at 10 ℃,but it had no significant impact on the recruitment rate of M. aeruginosa cells since the recruitment rates were limited to 0.02% among all groups. Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 mixture groups( 15.5% at 15 ℃ and 23.5% at 20 ℃) had no significant influenceon the recruitment of M. aeruginosa,compared with the control( 15% at15 ℃ and 22.6% at 20 ℃),although was significantly lower than the single Ba.sp06 group. When the initial ratio of Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 was at 2∶1,Ba.sp06 significantly inhibited Str.v13 growth,leading to a significant increase in the recruitment rate of M. aeruginosa cells( 31% at 15 ℃ and 35% at 20℃) from the sediment,compared to the control,and had no significant difference compared with the single Ba. sp06 group. However,when the initial ratio of strain Ba.sp06: Str.v13 was at 1∶2,Str.v13 significantly inhibited Ba.sp06 growth,resulting in significant inhibition of the recruitment rate of M.aeruginosa cells( only 6% at 15 ℃ and 6.5% at 20 ℃),which were significantly lower than 1∶1,2∶1 mixtures and single Ba.sp06 groups. In addition,there were differences in the specific recruitment rates of M. aeruginosa cells during different culture stages,the specific recruitment rates from day 12 to day 18 were significantly higher than that in early stage( from day 6 to 12) and late stage( from day 18 to 24) at both 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. There were no differences in the specific recruitment rates of M. aeruginosa cells among all groups within the same culture stages. These results indicate that the synergistic effect of benthic bacteria on the recruitment of M. aeruginosa cells occurs when the initial ratio of Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 was at above 2∶ 1,and retarding effect at below 1∶1 under the temperature of 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. Therefore,the recruitment rate of M. aeruginosa cells can be inhibited before the recruitment of microcystis dormancy by regulating ratio of Ba.sp06 and Str.v13 at above 10 ℃.
引文
Borges H,Wood S A,Puddick J,et al.2015.Intracellular,environmental and biotic interactions influence recruitment of benthic Microcystis(Cyanophyceae)in a shallow eutrophic lake[J].Journal of Plankton Research,38(5):1289-1301
Bostrm B,Pettersson A K,Ahlgren I.1989.Seasonal dynamics of a cyanobacteria dominated microbial community in surface sediments of a shalloweutrophiclake[J].Aquatic Sciences,51:153-178
Brunberg A K,Blomqvist P.2003.Recruitment of Microcystis(Cyanophycae)from lake sediments:The importance of littoral inocula[J].Journal of Phycology,39(1):58-63
Brunberg A K,Lyra C,Sivonen K,et al.2009.High diversity of cultivable heterotropic bacteria in association with cyanobacterial water blooms[J].The ISME Journal,3:314-325
Cáceres O,Reynolds C S.1984.Some effects of artificially enhanced anoxia on the Microcystis aeruginosa Kützemend Elenkin with special reference to the initiation of its annual growth cycle in lake[J].Archivfur Hydrobiologia,99:379-397
Dakhama A,Noue J D,Lavoie M C.1993.Methods for the examination of organism diversity in soils[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,5(9):297-306
Ddft M,Sterwart W D R.1975.Ecological studies on algal-lysing baeteria in fresh water[J].Freshwater Biology,5(1):577-596
Deng D G,Zhang S,Li Y Y,et al.2010.Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa on population dynamics and sexual reproduction in two Daphniaspecies[J].Journal of Plankton Research,32:1385-1392
Ehlers B K.2011.Soil microorganisms alleviate the allelochemical effects of a thyme monoterpene on the performance of an associated grass species[J].PLo S One,6:e26321
关英红,马军,雷国元,等.2008.一株溶藻菌株的分离鉴定及溶藻特性[J],环境科学学报,28(7):1288-1293
李阔宇,宋立荣,万能.2004.底泥中微囊藻复苏和生长特性的研究[J].水生生物学报,28(2):113-118
Hansson L A.1996.Algal recruitment from lake sediments in relation to grazing,sinking,and dominance patterns in the phytoplankton community[J].Limnologyand Oceanography,41(6):1312-1323
Ihle T,Jahnichen S,Benndorf J.2005.Wax and wane of Microcystis(cyanophyceae)and microcystins in lake sediment:a case syudy in Quitzdorf Reservoir(Germany)[J].Journal of Phycology,41:479-488
Jhnichen S,Long B M,Petzoldt T.2011.Microcystin production by Microcystis aeruginosa:Direct regulation by multiple environmenta factors[J].Harmful Algae,12:95-104
Karlsson-Elfgren I,Rydin E,Hyenstrand P,et al.2003.Recruitment and pelagic growth of Gloeotrichia echinulate(cyanophyceae)in Lake Erken[J].Journal of Phycology,39:1050-1056
Lehman P W,Teh S J,Boyer G L,et al.2010.Initial impacts of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms on the aquatic food web in the San Francisco Estuary[J].Hydrobiologia,637:229-248
Li K Y,Song L R.2014.Studies of recruitment and growth characteristic o Microcystis in sediment[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,28(2):118-122
Li M,Xiao M.2016.Environmental factors related to the dominance o Microcystis wesenbergii and Microcystis aeruginosain an eutrophic lake[J].Environmental Earth Science,75:1866-1874
Lu Y P,Wang J,Zhang X Q,et al.2016.Inhibition of the growth o cyanobacteria during the recruitment stage in Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23:5830-5838
Ma J R,Qin B Q,Paerl H W,et al.2016.The persistence of cyanobacteria(Microcystis spp.)blooms throughout winter in Lake Taihu,China[J].Limnology and Oceanography,61:711-722
Neilan B A,Pearson L A,Muenchhoff J,et al.2013.Environmenta conditions that influence toxin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria[J].Environment Microbiology,15:1239-1253
Paerl H W,Otten T G.2013.Blooms bite the hand that feeds them[J].Science,342:433-434
Paterson M,Schindler D,Hecky R,et al.2011.Comment:Lake 227 shows clearly that controlling inputs of nitrogen will not reduce or preven eutrophication of lakes[J].Limnology and Oceanography,56:1545-1547
Preston T,Stewart W D P,Reynolds C S.1980.Bloom-forming cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa overwinters on sediment surface[J].Nature,288:365-370
裴海燕,胡文容,曲音波,等.2005.一株溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性[J].环境科学学报,25(6):796-802
Rossetti V,Schirrmeister B E,Bernasconi M V.2010.The evolutionary path to terminal differentiation and division of labor in cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,262(1):23-34
Schone K,Jhnichen S,Ihle T,et al.2010.Arriving in better shape:Benthic Microcystis as inoculum for pelagic growth[J].Harmful Algae,9(5):494-503
Sigee D.2005.Freshwater Microbiology.Biodiversity and Dynamic Interactions of Microorganisms in the Aquatic Environment[M].Chichester,UK:John Wildey and Sons.328-338
Spilling K,Markager S.2008.Ecophysiological growth character-istics and modeling of the onset of the spring bloom in the Baltic Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,73:323-337
Sthl-Delbanco A,Hansson L A,Gyllstr9m M.2003.Recruitment of resting stages may induce blooms of Microcystisat low N:P ratios[J].Journal of Plankton Research,25(9):1099-1106
Stahl-Delbanco A,Hansson L A.2002.Effects of bioturbation on recruitment og algal cells from the“seed bank”of lake sediment[J].Limnology and Oceanography,47:1836-1843
Stone R.2011.China aims to turn tide against toxic lake pollution[J].Science,333:1210-1211
苏玉萍,李艳芳,钟厚璋,等.2012.山仔水库沉积物蓝藻复苏试验研究[J].环境科学学报,32(2):341-348
谭啸,孔繁翔,于洋,等.2009.升温过程对藻类复苏和群落演替的影响[J].中国环境科学,29(6):578-582
陶益,孔繁翔,曹焕生,等.2005.太湖底泥水华蓝藻复苏的模拟[J].湖泊科学,17(3):231-236
Takamura N,Yasuno M.1988.Sedimentation of phytoplankton populations dominated by Microcystis in a shallow lake[J].Journal of Plankton Research,10:283-299
Thomas R H,Walsby A E.1986.The effects of temperatures on recovery of buoyancy by Microcystis[J].Journal of General Microbiology,132(6):1665-1672
Tsujimura S,Tsukada H,Nakahara H,et al.2000.Seasonal variations of Microcystis populations in sediments of lake Biwa Japan[J].Hydrobiologia,434(1-3):183-192
Tsukada H.2006.A study on the life history and the factor affecting the dominance of Microcystis in eutrophic lakes[D].Kyoto:Kyoto University
Ukeles R,Bishop J.1975.Enhancement of phytoplankton growth by marine bacteria[J].Journal of Phycology,11:142-149
Wang W J,Shen H,Shi P L,et al.2016.Experimental evidence for the role of heterotrophic bacteria in the formation of Microcystis colonies[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,28(2):82-394
Yamamoto Y.2010.Contribution of bioturbation by the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia to the recruitment of bloom-forming cyanobacteria from sediment[J].Limnology and Oceanography,69(1):102-111
Yang C Y,Yi L,Zhou Y Y,et al.2015.Illumina sequencing-based analysis of free-living bacterial community dynamics during an akashiwo sanguine bloom in Xiamen sea,China[J].Scientific Reports,5:8476-8486
Bostrm B,Pettersson A K,Ahlgren I.1989.Seasonal dynamics of a cyanobacteria dominated microbial community in surface sediments of a shalloweutrophiclake[J].Aquatic Sciences,51:153-178
Brunberg A K,Blomqvist P.2003.Recruitment of Microcystis(Cyanophycae)from lake sediments:The importance of littoral inocula[J].Journal of Phycology,39(1):58-63
Brunberg A K,Lyra C,Sivonen K,et al.2009.High diversity of cultivable heterotropic bacteria in association with cyanobacterial water blooms[J].The ISME Journal,3:314-325
Cáceres O,Reynolds C S.1984.Some effects of artificially enhanced anoxia on the Microcystis aeruginosa Kützemend Elenkin with special reference to the initiation of its annual growth cycle in lake[J].Archivfur Hydrobiologia,99:379-397
Dakhama A,Noue J D,Lavoie M C.1993.Methods for the examination of organism diversity in soils[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,5(9):297-306
Ddft M,Sterwart W D R.1975.Ecological studies on algal-lysing baeteria in fresh water[J].Freshwater Biology,5(1):577-596
Deng D G,Zhang S,Li Y Y,et al.2010.Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa on population dynamics and sexual reproduction in two Daphniaspecies[J].Journal of Plankton Research,32:1385-1392
Ehlers B K.2011.Soil microorganisms alleviate the allelochemical effects of a thyme monoterpene on the performance of an associated grass species[J].PLo S One,6:e26321
关英红,马军,雷国元,等.2008.一株溶藻菌株的分离鉴定及溶藻特性[J],环境科学学报,28(7):1288-1293
李阔宇,宋立荣,万能.2004.底泥中微囊藻复苏和生长特性的研究[J].水生生物学报,28(2):113-118
Hansson L A.1996.Algal recruitment from lake sediments in relation to grazing,sinking,and dominance patterns in the phytoplankton community[J].Limnologyand Oceanography,41(6):1312-1323
Ihle T,Jahnichen S,Benndorf J.2005.Wax and wane of Microcystis(cyanophyceae)and microcystins in lake sediment:a case syudy in Quitzdorf Reservoir(Germany)[J].Journal of Phycology,41:479-488
Jhnichen S,Long B M,Petzoldt T.2011.Microcystin production by Microcystis aeruginosa:Direct regulation by multiple environmenta factors[J].Harmful Algae,12:95-104
Karlsson-Elfgren I,Rydin E,Hyenstrand P,et al.2003.Recruitment and pelagic growth of Gloeotrichia echinulate(cyanophyceae)in Lake Erken[J].Journal of Phycology,39:1050-1056
Lehman P W,Teh S J,Boyer G L,et al.2010.Initial impacts of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms on the aquatic food web in the San Francisco Estuary[J].Hydrobiologia,637:229-248
Li K Y,Song L R.2014.Studies of recruitment and growth characteristic o Microcystis in sediment[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,28(2):118-122
Li M,Xiao M.2016.Environmental factors related to the dominance o Microcystis wesenbergii and Microcystis aeruginosain an eutrophic lake[J].Environmental Earth Science,75:1866-1874
Lu Y P,Wang J,Zhang X Q,et al.2016.Inhibition of the growth o cyanobacteria during the recruitment stage in Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23:5830-5838
Ma J R,Qin B Q,Paerl H W,et al.2016.The persistence of cyanobacteria(Microcystis spp.)blooms throughout winter in Lake Taihu,China[J].Limnology and Oceanography,61:711-722
Neilan B A,Pearson L A,Muenchhoff J,et al.2013.Environmenta conditions that influence toxin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria[J].Environment Microbiology,15:1239-1253
Paerl H W,Otten T G.2013.Blooms bite the hand that feeds them[J].Science,342:433-434
Paterson M,Schindler D,Hecky R,et al.2011.Comment:Lake 227 shows clearly that controlling inputs of nitrogen will not reduce or preven eutrophication of lakes[J].Limnology and Oceanography,56:1545-1547
Preston T,Stewart W D P,Reynolds C S.1980.Bloom-forming cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa overwinters on sediment surface[J].Nature,288:365-370
裴海燕,胡文容,曲音波,等.2005.一株溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性[J].环境科学学报,25(6):796-802
Rossetti V,Schirrmeister B E,Bernasconi M V.2010.The evolutionary path to terminal differentiation and division of labor in cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,262(1):23-34
Schone K,Jhnichen S,Ihle T,et al.2010.Arriving in better shape:Benthic Microcystis as inoculum for pelagic growth[J].Harmful Algae,9(5):494-503
Sigee D.2005.Freshwater Microbiology.Biodiversity and Dynamic Interactions of Microorganisms in the Aquatic Environment[M].Chichester,UK:John Wildey and Sons.328-338
Spilling K,Markager S.2008.Ecophysiological growth character-istics and modeling of the onset of the spring bloom in the Baltic Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,73:323-337
Sthl-Delbanco A,Hansson L A,Gyllstr9m M.2003.Recruitment of resting stages may induce blooms of Microcystisat low N:P ratios[J].Journal of Plankton Research,25(9):1099-1106
Stahl-Delbanco A,Hansson L A.2002.Effects of bioturbation on recruitment og algal cells from the“seed bank”of lake sediment[J].Limnology and Oceanography,47:1836-1843
Stone R.2011.China aims to turn tide against toxic lake pollution[J].Science,333:1210-1211
苏玉萍,李艳芳,钟厚璋,等.2012.山仔水库沉积物蓝藻复苏试验研究[J].环境科学学报,32(2):341-348
谭啸,孔繁翔,于洋,等.2009.升温过程对藻类复苏和群落演替的影响[J].中国环境科学,29(6):578-582
陶益,孔繁翔,曹焕生,等.2005.太湖底泥水华蓝藻复苏的模拟[J].湖泊科学,17(3):231-236
Takamura N,Yasuno M.1988.Sedimentation of phytoplankton populations dominated by Microcystis in a shallow lake[J].Journal of Plankton Research,10:283-299
Thomas R H,Walsby A E.1986.The effects of temperatures on recovery of buoyancy by Microcystis[J].Journal of General Microbiology,132(6):1665-1672
Tsujimura S,Tsukada H,Nakahara H,et al.2000.Seasonal variations of Microcystis populations in sediments of lake Biwa Japan[J].Hydrobiologia,434(1-3):183-192
Tsukada H.2006.A study on the life history and the factor affecting the dominance of Microcystis in eutrophic lakes[D].Kyoto:Kyoto University
Ukeles R,Bishop J.1975.Enhancement of phytoplankton growth by marine bacteria[J].Journal of Phycology,11:142-149
Wang W J,Shen H,Shi P L,et al.2016.Experimental evidence for the role of heterotrophic bacteria in the formation of Microcystis colonies[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,28(2):82-394
Yamamoto Y.2010.Contribution of bioturbation by the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia to the recruitment of bloom-forming cyanobacteria from sediment[J].Limnology and Oceanography,69(1):102-111
Yang C Y,Yi L,Zhou Y Y,et al.2015.Illumina sequencing-based analysis of free-living bacterial community dynamics during an akashiwo sanguine bloom in Xiamen sea,China[J].Scientific Reports,5:8476-8486