辽宁省八种兰科植物根内生真菌多样性
|
摘要
兰科植物的生存强烈依赖菌根真菌,研究兰科菌根真菌对兰科植物的保护有重要作用。本研究以辽宁省的无柱兰(Amitostigma gracile)、二叶舌唇兰(Platanthera chlorantha)、小斑叶兰(Goodyera repens)、蜻蜓兰(Tulotis fuscescens)、山兰(Oreorchis patens)、羊耳蒜(Liparis japonica)、长苞头蕊兰(Cephalanthera longibracteata)和绶草(Spiranthes sinensis) 8种属于极小种群的野生兰科植物为例,利用第二代测序技术对其根内生真菌多样性进行了研究。结果表明:无柱兰、二叶舌唇兰、小斑叶兰和山兰都偏好与角担菌科(Ceratobasidiaceae)真菌共生,羊耳蒜偏好与胶膜菌科(Tulasnellaceae)真菌共生;长苞头蕊兰主要与革菌科(Thelephoraceae)和蜡壳耳科(Sebacinaceae)真菌共生;绶草不仅能与丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)真菌共生,还能与蜡壳耳科真菌共生;同种兰科植物的不同植株在同一生境下所选择的菌根真菌有差异,而同一地点的不同兰科植物的菌根真菌群落各不相同。由此可见,兰科植物根中菌根真菌的组成并非完全受植物自身控制,但主要菌根真菌仍取决于兰科植物的选择;这8种兰科植物根中的真菌绝大多数为非菌根真菌,而菌根真菌的丰度通常很低,这可能是辽宁地区兰科植物稀少的原因之一。
The existence of orchids strongly depends on their associated mycorrhizal fungi. The research of orchid mycorrhizal fungi( OMF) provides important reference for the conservation of orchids. Here,we took eight species of orchid with extremely small populations in Liaoning as examples to study the fungi diversity of orchids using next-generation sequencing technique. The results showed that Amitostigma gracile,Platanthera chlorantha,Goodyera repens and Oreorchis patens preferred to associate with Ceratobasidiaceae. Liparis makinoana preferred to associate with Tulasnellaceae. Cephalanthera longibracteata was mainly associated with Thelephoraceae and Sebacinaceae. Spiranthes sinensis was not only associated with Rhizoctonia,but also with Sebacinaceae. Meanwhile,different S. sinensis individuals growing in the same habitat may choose different OMF,and different species of orchid growing in the same place may associate with distinct OMF,indicating that the composition of OMF in the roots of orchids may not be completely controlled by orchids. However,the selection of main OMF may still depend on the orchids themselves. Most of the fungi existing in the roots of orchids were non-mycorrhizal fungi,while the abundance of OMF was usually much lower,which may be related to the rarity of orchids in Liaoning,China.
The existence of orchids strongly depends on their associated mycorrhizal fungi. The research of orchid mycorrhizal fungi( OMF) provides important reference for the conservation of orchids. Here,we took eight species of orchid with extremely small populations in Liaoning as examples to study the fungi diversity of orchids using next-generation sequencing technique. The results showed that Amitostigma gracile,Platanthera chlorantha,Goodyera repens and Oreorchis patens preferred to associate with Ceratobasidiaceae. Liparis makinoana preferred to associate with Tulasnellaceae. Cephalanthera longibracteata was mainly associated with Thelephoraceae and Sebacinaceae. Spiranthes sinensis was not only associated with Rhizoctonia,but also with Sebacinaceae. Meanwhile,different S. sinensis individuals growing in the same habitat may choose different OMF,and different species of orchid growing in the same place may associate with distinct OMF,indicating that the composition of OMF in the roots of orchids may not be completely controlled by orchids. However,the selection of main OMF may still depend on the orchids themselves. Most of the fungi existing in the roots of orchids were non-mycorrhizal fungi,while the abundance of OMF was usually much lower,which may be related to the rarity of orchids in Liaoning,China.
引文
曹伟,吴雨洋,李岩,等.2013.中国东北受威胁植物的优先保护区域.应用生态学报,24(2):326-330.
孙凤华,袁健,路爽.2006.东北地区近百年气候变化及突变检测.气候与环境研究,11(1):101-108.
王平平,王玉娇,陈旭辉,等.2012.山兰菌根真菌离体培养条件的研究.北方园艺,(9):66-69.
王绍强,周成虎,刘纪远,等.2001.东北地区陆地碳循环平衡模拟分析.地理学报,56(4):390-400.
Bateman RM,Rudall PJ,Bidartondo MI,et al.2014.Speciation via floral heterochrony and presumed mycorrhizal host switching of endemic butterfly orchids on the Azorean archipelago.American Journal of Botany,101:979-1001.
Bayman P,Otero JT.2006.Microbial endophytes of orchid roots.Microbial Root Endophytes,9:153-177.
Bidartondo MI,Read DJ.2008.Fungal specificity bottlenecks during orchid germination and development.Molecular Ecology,17:3707-3716.
Bokulich NA,Subramanian S,Faith JJ,et al.2013.Qualityfiltering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing.Nature Methods,10:57-59.
Bonnardeaux Y,Brundrett M,Batty A,et al.2007.Diversity of mycorrhizal fungi of terrestrial orchids:Compatibility webs,brief encounters,lasting relationships and alien invasions.Mycological Research,111:51-61.
Cameron DD,Johnson I,Read DJ,et al.2008.Giving and receiving:Measuring the carbon cost of mycorrhizas in the green orchid,Goodyera repens.New Phytologist,180:176-184.
Caporaso JG,Kuczynski J,Stombaugh J,et al.2010.QIIMEallows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.Nature Methods,7:335-336.
Cevallos S,Sánchez-Rodríguez A,Decock C,et al.2017.Are there keystone mycorrhizal fungi associated to tropical epiphytic orchids?Mycorrhiza,27:225-232.
Dearnaley JDW,Martos F,Selosse MA.2012.12 Orchid Mycorrhizas:Molecular Ecology,Physiology,Evolution and Conservation Aspects//Esser K,eds.The Mycota.Fungal Associations.Berlin:Springer,9:207-230.
Ding R,Chen XH,Zhang LJ,et al.2014.Identity and specificity of Rhizoctonia-like fungi from different populations of Liparis japonica(Orchidaceae)in Northeast China.PLo SOne,9:e105573.
Edgar RC.2010.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST.Bioinformatics,26:2460-2461.
Esposito F,Jacquemyn H,Waud M,et al.2016.Mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in two closely related Platanthera(Orchidaceae)species.PLo S One,11:e0164108.
Ezzi MI,Lynch JM.2002.Cyanide catabolizing enzymes in Trichoderma spp.Enzyme&Microbial Technology,31:1042-1047.
Heijden MG,Martin FM,Selosse MA,et al.2015.Mycorrhizal ecology and evolution:The past,the present,and the future.New Phytologist,205:1406-1423.
Jacquemyn H,Brys R,Merckx VS,et al.2014.Coexisting orchid species have distinct mycorrhizal communities and display strong spatial segregation.New Phytologist,202:616-627.
Jacquemyn H,Brys R,Waud M,et al.2015.Mycorrhizal networks and coexistence in species-rich orchid communities.New Phytologist,206:1127-1134.
Jacquemyn H,Waud M,Lievens B,et al.2016.Differences in mycorrhizal communities between Epipactis palustris,E.helleborine and its presumed sister species E.neerlandica.Annals of Botany,118:105-114.
Kartzinel TR,Trapnell DW,Shefferson RP.2013.Highly diverse and spatially heterogeneous mycorrhizal symbiosis in a rare epiphyte is unrelated to broad biogeographic or environmental features.Molecular Ecology,22:5949-5961.
Lozupone CA,Hamady M,Kelley ST,et al.2007.Quantitative and qualitative beta diversity measures lead to different insights into factors that structure microbial communities.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,73:1576-1585.
Lozupone CA,Knight R.2005.Uni Frac:A new phylogenetic method for comparing microbial communities.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,71:8228-8235.
MalinováT.2009.Germination Ecology on Orchids(Master thesis).CeskéBudejovice:University of South Bohemia Faculty of Science.
Martos F,Munoz F,Pailler T,et al.2012.The role of epiphytism in architecture and evolutionary constraint within mycorrhizal networks of tropical orchids.Molecular Ecology,21:5098-5109.
Masuhara G,Katsuya K.1994.In situ and in vitro specificity between Rhizoctonia spp.and Spiranthes sinensis(Persoon)Ames,var.amoena(M.Bieberstein)Hara(Orchidaceae).New Phytologist,127:711-718.
McCormick MK,Jacquemyn H.2014.What constrains the distribution of orchid populations.New Phytologist,202:392-400.
McCormick MK,Lee Taylor D,Juhaszova K,et al.2012.Limitations on orchid recruitment:Not a simple picture.Molecular Ecology,21:1511-1523.
McCormick MK,Taylor DL,Whigham DF,et al.2016.Germination patterns in three terrestrial orchids relate to abundance of mycorrhizal fungi.Journal of Ecology,104:744-754.
Oja J,Kohout P,Tedersoo L,et al.2015.Temporal patterns of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in meadows and forests as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing.New Phytologist,205:1608-1618.
Pecoraro L,Huang L,Caruso T,et al.2017.Fungal diversity and specificity in Cephalanthera damasonium and C.longifolia(Orchidaceae)mycorrhizas.Journal of Systematics and Evolution,55:158-169.
Pellegrino G,Luca A,Bellusci F.2016.Relationships between orchid and fungal biodiversity:Mycorrhizal preferences in Mediterranean orchids.Plant Biosystems,150:180-189.
Shefferson RP,Cowden CC,Mccormick MK,et al.2010.Evolution of host breadth in broad interactions:Mycorrhizal specificity in East Asian and North American rattlesnake plantains(Goodyera spp.)and their fungal hosts.Molecular Ecology,19:3008-3017.
Smith SE,Read DJ.2008.Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.Cambridge,UK:Academic Press.
Stark C,Babik W,Durka W.2009.Fungi from the roots of the common terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea.Mycological Research,113:952-959.
Terashita T.1982.Fungi inhabiting wild orchids in Japan(II):Isolation of symbionts from Spiranthes sinensis var.amoena.Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan,23:319-328.
Tondello A,Vendramin E,Villani M,et al.2012.Fungi associated with the southern Eurasian orchid Spiranthes spiralis(L.)Chevall.Fungal Biology,116:543-549.
Vincenot L,Tedersoo L,Richard F,et al.2008.Fungal associates of Pyrola rotundifolia,a mixotrophic Ericaceae,from two Estonian boreal forests.Mycorrhiza,19:15-25.
Voyron S,Ercole E,Ghignone S,et al.2017.Fine-scale spatial distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in the soil of hostrich grasslands.New Phytologist,213:1428-1439.
Vujanovic V,St-Arnaud M,BarabéD,et al.2000.Viability testing of orchid seed and the promotion of colouration and germination.Annals of Botany,86:79-86.
Waterman RJ,Bidartondo MI,Stofberg J,et al.2011.The effects of above-and belowground mutualisms on orchid speciation and coexistence.The American Naturalist,177:E54-E68.
Waud M,Busschaert P,Lievens B,et al.2016.Specificity and localised distribution of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil may contribute to co-existence of orchid species.Fungal Ecology,20:155-165.
孙凤华,袁健,路爽.2006.东北地区近百年气候变化及突变检测.气候与环境研究,11(1):101-108.
王平平,王玉娇,陈旭辉,等.2012.山兰菌根真菌离体培养条件的研究.北方园艺,(9):66-69.
王绍强,周成虎,刘纪远,等.2001.东北地区陆地碳循环平衡模拟分析.地理学报,56(4):390-400.
Bateman RM,Rudall PJ,Bidartondo MI,et al.2014.Speciation via floral heterochrony and presumed mycorrhizal host switching of endemic butterfly orchids on the Azorean archipelago.American Journal of Botany,101:979-1001.
Bayman P,Otero JT.2006.Microbial endophytes of orchid roots.Microbial Root Endophytes,9:153-177.
Bidartondo MI,Read DJ.2008.Fungal specificity bottlenecks during orchid germination and development.Molecular Ecology,17:3707-3716.
Bokulich NA,Subramanian S,Faith JJ,et al.2013.Qualityfiltering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing.Nature Methods,10:57-59.
Bonnardeaux Y,Brundrett M,Batty A,et al.2007.Diversity of mycorrhizal fungi of terrestrial orchids:Compatibility webs,brief encounters,lasting relationships and alien invasions.Mycological Research,111:51-61.
Cameron DD,Johnson I,Read DJ,et al.2008.Giving and receiving:Measuring the carbon cost of mycorrhizas in the green orchid,Goodyera repens.New Phytologist,180:176-184.
Caporaso JG,Kuczynski J,Stombaugh J,et al.2010.QIIMEallows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.Nature Methods,7:335-336.
Cevallos S,Sánchez-Rodríguez A,Decock C,et al.2017.Are there keystone mycorrhizal fungi associated to tropical epiphytic orchids?Mycorrhiza,27:225-232.
Dearnaley JDW,Martos F,Selosse MA.2012.12 Orchid Mycorrhizas:Molecular Ecology,Physiology,Evolution and Conservation Aspects//Esser K,eds.The Mycota.Fungal Associations.Berlin:Springer,9:207-230.
Ding R,Chen XH,Zhang LJ,et al.2014.Identity and specificity of Rhizoctonia-like fungi from different populations of Liparis japonica(Orchidaceae)in Northeast China.PLo SOne,9:e105573.
Edgar RC.2010.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST.Bioinformatics,26:2460-2461.
Esposito F,Jacquemyn H,Waud M,et al.2016.Mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in two closely related Platanthera(Orchidaceae)species.PLo S One,11:e0164108.
Ezzi MI,Lynch JM.2002.Cyanide catabolizing enzymes in Trichoderma spp.Enzyme&Microbial Technology,31:1042-1047.
Heijden MG,Martin FM,Selosse MA,et al.2015.Mycorrhizal ecology and evolution:The past,the present,and the future.New Phytologist,205:1406-1423.
Jacquemyn H,Brys R,Merckx VS,et al.2014.Coexisting orchid species have distinct mycorrhizal communities and display strong spatial segregation.New Phytologist,202:616-627.
Jacquemyn H,Brys R,Waud M,et al.2015.Mycorrhizal networks and coexistence in species-rich orchid communities.New Phytologist,206:1127-1134.
Jacquemyn H,Waud M,Lievens B,et al.2016.Differences in mycorrhizal communities between Epipactis palustris,E.helleborine and its presumed sister species E.neerlandica.Annals of Botany,118:105-114.
Kartzinel TR,Trapnell DW,Shefferson RP.2013.Highly diverse and spatially heterogeneous mycorrhizal symbiosis in a rare epiphyte is unrelated to broad biogeographic or environmental features.Molecular Ecology,22:5949-5961.
Lozupone CA,Hamady M,Kelley ST,et al.2007.Quantitative and qualitative beta diversity measures lead to different insights into factors that structure microbial communities.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,73:1576-1585.
Lozupone CA,Knight R.2005.Uni Frac:A new phylogenetic method for comparing microbial communities.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,71:8228-8235.
MalinováT.2009.Germination Ecology on Orchids(Master thesis).CeskéBudejovice:University of South Bohemia Faculty of Science.
Martos F,Munoz F,Pailler T,et al.2012.The role of epiphytism in architecture and evolutionary constraint within mycorrhizal networks of tropical orchids.Molecular Ecology,21:5098-5109.
Masuhara G,Katsuya K.1994.In situ and in vitro specificity between Rhizoctonia spp.and Spiranthes sinensis(Persoon)Ames,var.amoena(M.Bieberstein)Hara(Orchidaceae).New Phytologist,127:711-718.
McCormick MK,Jacquemyn H.2014.What constrains the distribution of orchid populations.New Phytologist,202:392-400.
McCormick MK,Lee Taylor D,Juhaszova K,et al.2012.Limitations on orchid recruitment:Not a simple picture.Molecular Ecology,21:1511-1523.
McCormick MK,Taylor DL,Whigham DF,et al.2016.Germination patterns in three terrestrial orchids relate to abundance of mycorrhizal fungi.Journal of Ecology,104:744-754.
Oja J,Kohout P,Tedersoo L,et al.2015.Temporal patterns of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in meadows and forests as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing.New Phytologist,205:1608-1618.
Pecoraro L,Huang L,Caruso T,et al.2017.Fungal diversity and specificity in Cephalanthera damasonium and C.longifolia(Orchidaceae)mycorrhizas.Journal of Systematics and Evolution,55:158-169.
Pellegrino G,Luca A,Bellusci F.2016.Relationships between orchid and fungal biodiversity:Mycorrhizal preferences in Mediterranean orchids.Plant Biosystems,150:180-189.
Shefferson RP,Cowden CC,Mccormick MK,et al.2010.Evolution of host breadth in broad interactions:Mycorrhizal specificity in East Asian and North American rattlesnake plantains(Goodyera spp.)and their fungal hosts.Molecular Ecology,19:3008-3017.
Smith SE,Read DJ.2008.Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.Cambridge,UK:Academic Press.
Stark C,Babik W,Durka W.2009.Fungi from the roots of the common terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea.Mycological Research,113:952-959.
Terashita T.1982.Fungi inhabiting wild orchids in Japan(II):Isolation of symbionts from Spiranthes sinensis var.amoena.Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan,23:319-328.
Tondello A,Vendramin E,Villani M,et al.2012.Fungi associated with the southern Eurasian orchid Spiranthes spiralis(L.)Chevall.Fungal Biology,116:543-549.
Vincenot L,Tedersoo L,Richard F,et al.2008.Fungal associates of Pyrola rotundifolia,a mixotrophic Ericaceae,from two Estonian boreal forests.Mycorrhiza,19:15-25.
Voyron S,Ercole E,Ghignone S,et al.2017.Fine-scale spatial distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in the soil of hostrich grasslands.New Phytologist,213:1428-1439.
Vujanovic V,St-Arnaud M,BarabéD,et al.2000.Viability testing of orchid seed and the promotion of colouration and germination.Annals of Botany,86:79-86.
Waterman RJ,Bidartondo MI,Stofberg J,et al.2011.The effects of above-and belowground mutualisms on orchid speciation and coexistence.The American Naturalist,177:E54-E68.
Waud M,Busschaert P,Lievens B,et al.2016.Specificity and localised distribution of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil may contribute to co-existence of orchid species.Fungal Ecology,20:155-165.