西南地区生物多样性保护优先格局评估
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摘要
选择831种西南地区重要保护物种为指示物种,分析指示物种空间分布特征,基于系统保护规划理论应用MARXAN模型评估西南生物多样性保护优先格局,确定优先保护区域,在最小保护成本条件下达到最优化的保护效果。结果表明:生物多样性保护优先区面积89.88×10~4km~2,占西南研究区面积的37%;保护优先区内除鸟类外其他类别栖息地面积均超过各自栖息地面积50%,其中94%指示物种栖息地面积比例超过60%;GAP分析发现,保护优先区同国家级自然保护区存在空间分布不匹配的现象;建议在原有国家级自然保护区基础上优先扩充保护区范围,并借助国家公园建设等政策适当建立新的自然保护体系。
The priority area assessment can determine the prioritization object through limited resources, so as to minimize biodiversity loss. Here, 831 key species in southwest of China werechosen as indicator species, to analyze spatial distribution patterns by using mechanism habitatmodel. Based on systematic conservation planning theory, the MARXAN tool was applied to iden-tity the priority areas of southwest China. The results showed that the area of protection priorityarea is 89.88×104 km~2, accounting for 37% of the research area. All species except birds in theprior conservation zone have a habitat area higher than 50% of their respective habitat area. 94%of the indicator species have a more than 60% of their respective habitat area. The GAP analysisindicates that the priority areas don't match the distribution of national nature reserve in space.We suggest that current nature reserves should be expanded. A new nature conservation system should be properly established with the help of policies such as the construction of national parks.
The priority area assessment can determine the prioritization object through limited resources, so as to minimize biodiversity loss. Here, 831 key species in southwest of China werechosen as indicator species, to analyze spatial distribution patterns by using mechanism habitatmodel. Based on systematic conservation planning theory, the MARXAN tool was applied to iden-tity the priority areas of southwest China. The results showed that the area of protection priorityarea is 89.88×104 km~2, accounting for 37% of the research area. All species except birds in theprior conservation zone have a habitat area higher than 50% of their respective habitat area. 94%of the indicator species have a more than 60% of their respective habitat area. The GAP analysisindicates that the priority areas don't match the distribution of national nature reserve in space.We suggest that current nature reserves should be expanded. A new nature conservation system should be properly established with the help of policies such as the construction of national parks.
引文
Richard BP,马克平,蒋志刚.2014.保护生物学.北京:科学出版社.
杜秀荣,唐建军.2016.中国地图集.北京:中国地图出版社.
傅伯杰,刘国华.2013.中国生态区划研究.北京:科学出版社.
郭子良,邢韶华,崔国发.2017.自然保护区物种多样性保护价值评价方法.生物多样性,25(3):312-324.
国家林业局.2010a.国家重点保护野生动物名录.北京:国家林业局.
国家林业局.2010b.国家重点保护野生植物名录.北京:国家林业局.
何洁琳,黄卓,谢敏,等.2017.广西生物多样性优先保护区的气候变化风险评估.生态学杂志,36(9):2581-2591.
胡锦矗.2001.大熊猫研究.上海:上海科技教育出版社.
环境保护部.2015.关于发布《中国生物多样性保护优先区域范围》的公告.[2017-10-23].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201601/t20160105_321061.htm
环境保护部.2018.关于公布黑龙江盘中等17处国家级自然保护区面积、范围及功能区划的函.[2018-09-07].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bh/201803/t20180323_432983.htm
蒋志刚.2005.论中国自然保护区的面积上限.生态学报,25(5):1205-1212.
李智琦,欧阳志云,曾慧卿.2010.基于物种的大尺度生物多样性热点研究方法.生态学报,30(6):1586-1593.
刘振生,高惠,滕丽微,等.2013.基于MAXENT模型的贺兰山岩羊生境适宜性评价.生态学报,33(22):7243-7249.
栾晓峰,黄维妮,王秀磊,等.2009.基于系统保护规划方法东北生物多样性热点地区和保护空缺分析.生态学报,29(1):144-150.
马建章,戎可,程鲲.2012.中国生物多样性就地保护的研究与实践.生物多样性,20(5):551-558.
马克平.2001.中国生物多样性热点地区(Hotspot)评估与优先保护重点的确定应该重视.植物生态学报,(1):125-124.
马振锋,彭骏,高文良,等.2006.近40年西南地区的气候变化事实.高原气象,(4):633-642.
孙鸿烈,郑度,姚檀栋,等.2012.青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设.地理学报,67(1):3-12.
徐海根,丁晖,吴军,等.2012.2020年全球生物多样性目标解读及其评估指标探讨.生态与农村环境学报,28(1):1-9.
徐卫华,欧阳志云,张路,等.2010.长江流域重要保护物种分布格局与优先区评价.环境科学研究,23(3):312-319.
薛达元,武建勇,赵富伟.2012.中国履行《生物多样性公约》二十年:行动、进展与展望.生物多样性,20(5):623-632.
张立.2006.中国亚洲象现状及研究进展.生物学通报,(11):1-3+64.
张路,欧阳志云,肖燚,等.2011.海南岛生物多样性保护优先区评价与系统保护规划.应用生态学报,22(8):2105-2112.
张路,欧阳志云,徐卫华,等.2010.基于系统保护规划理念的长江流域两栖爬行动物多样性保护优先区评价.长江流域资源与环境,19(9):1020-1028.
张路,欧阳志云,徐卫华.2015.系统保护规划的理论、方法及关键问题.生态学报,35(4):1284-1295.
张祖荣2011.中国动物地理.北京:科学出版社.
赵广华,田瑜,唐志尧,等.2013.中国国家级陆地自然保护区分布及其与人类活动和自然环境的关系.生物多样性,21(6):658-665.
赵松乔.1983.中国综合自然地理区划的一个新方案.地理学报,35(1):1-10.
Alagador D,Cerdeira JO,Araujo MB.2016.Climate change,species range shifts and dispersal corridors:An evaluation of spatial conservation models.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,7:853-866.
Bird International.2017.World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas.[2017-10-23].http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/home.
Brooks TM,Mittermeier RA,da Fonseca GAB,et al.2006.Global biodiversity conservation priorities.Science,313:58-61.
Chen Y.2017.Amphibian Distributions and Extinction Risk in China under Climate and Land Use Change(PhD thesis).Edmonton:University of Alberta.
Cowling RM,Pressey RL,Rouget M,et al.2003.A conservation plan for a global biodiversity hotspot:The Cape Floristic Region,South Africa.Biological Conservation,112:191-216.
Crouzeilles R,Beyer HL,Mills M,et al.2015.Incorporating habitat availability into systematic planning for restoration:A species-specific approach for Atlantic forest mammals.Diversity and Distributions,21:1027-1037.
Game E,Grantham H.2008.Marxan User Manual:For Marxan version 1.8.10.Queensland,Australia:University of Queensland,St.Lucia.
Hermoso V,Januchowski-Hartley SR,Linke S,et al.2017.Optimal allocation of Red List assessments to guide conservation of biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.Global Change Biology,23:3525-3532.
Hu R,Wen C,Gu Y,et al.2017.A bird’s view of new conservation hotspots in China.Biological Conservation,211:47-55.
IUCN Global Species Programme and IUCN Species Survival Commission.2017.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[2017-10-23].http://www.iucnredlist.org/.
Klein CJ,Chan A,Kircher L,et al.2008.Striking a balance between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic viability in the design of marine protected areas.Conservation Biology,22:691-700.
Li BV,Pimm SL.2016.China’s endemic vertebrates sheltering under the protective umbrella of the giant panda.Conservation Biology,30:329-339.
Liu JG,Linderman M,Ouyang ZY,et al.2001.Ecological degradation in protected areas:The case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas.Science,292:98-101.
Margules CR,Pressey RL.2000.Systematic conservation planning.Nature,405:243-253.
Ouyang Z,Zheng H,Xiao Y,et al.2016.Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital.Science,352:1455-1459.
Pouzols FM,Toivonen T,Di Minin E,et al.2014.Global protected area expansion is compromised by projected land-use and parochialism.Nature,516:383-386.
Primack RB.2006.Essentials of Conservation Biology.Sunderland,MA:Sinauer Associates.
Sanderson EW,Jaiteh M,Levy MA,et al.2002.The human footprint and the last of the wild.Bioscience,52:891-904.
Tantipisanuh N,Savini T,Cutter P,et al.2016.Biodiversity gap analysis of the protected area system of the Indo-Burma Hotspot and priorities for increasing biodiversity representation.Biological Conservation,195:203-213.
Tilman D,Clark M,Williams DR,et al.2017.Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention.Nature,546:73-81.
Wu R,Zhang S,Yu DW,et al.2011.Effectiveness of China’s nature reserves in representing ecological diversity.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,9:383-389.
Xu W,Vina A,Kong L,et al.2017a.Reassessing the conservation status of the giant panda using remote sensing.Nature Ecology&Evolution,1:1635-1638.
Xu W,Xiao Y,Zhang J,et al.2017b.Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,114:1601-1606.
杜秀荣,唐建军.2016.中国地图集.北京:中国地图出版社.
傅伯杰,刘国华.2013.中国生态区划研究.北京:科学出版社.
郭子良,邢韶华,崔国发.2017.自然保护区物种多样性保护价值评价方法.生物多样性,25(3):312-324.
国家林业局.2010a.国家重点保护野生动物名录.北京:国家林业局.
国家林业局.2010b.国家重点保护野生植物名录.北京:国家林业局.
何洁琳,黄卓,谢敏,等.2017.广西生物多样性优先保护区的气候变化风险评估.生态学杂志,36(9):2581-2591.
胡锦矗.2001.大熊猫研究.上海:上海科技教育出版社.
环境保护部.2015.关于发布《中国生物多样性保护优先区域范围》的公告.[2017-10-23].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201601/t20160105_321061.htm
环境保护部.2018.关于公布黑龙江盘中等17处国家级自然保护区面积、范围及功能区划的函.[2018-09-07].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bh/201803/t20180323_432983.htm
蒋志刚.2005.论中国自然保护区的面积上限.生态学报,25(5):1205-1212.
李智琦,欧阳志云,曾慧卿.2010.基于物种的大尺度生物多样性热点研究方法.生态学报,30(6):1586-1593.
刘振生,高惠,滕丽微,等.2013.基于MAXENT模型的贺兰山岩羊生境适宜性评价.生态学报,33(22):7243-7249.
栾晓峰,黄维妮,王秀磊,等.2009.基于系统保护规划方法东北生物多样性热点地区和保护空缺分析.生态学报,29(1):144-150.
马建章,戎可,程鲲.2012.中国生物多样性就地保护的研究与实践.生物多样性,20(5):551-558.
马克平.2001.中国生物多样性热点地区(Hotspot)评估与优先保护重点的确定应该重视.植物生态学报,(1):125-124.
马振锋,彭骏,高文良,等.2006.近40年西南地区的气候变化事实.高原气象,(4):633-642.
孙鸿烈,郑度,姚檀栋,等.2012.青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设.地理学报,67(1):3-12.
徐海根,丁晖,吴军,等.2012.2020年全球生物多样性目标解读及其评估指标探讨.生态与农村环境学报,28(1):1-9.
徐卫华,欧阳志云,张路,等.2010.长江流域重要保护物种分布格局与优先区评价.环境科学研究,23(3):312-319.
薛达元,武建勇,赵富伟.2012.中国履行《生物多样性公约》二十年:行动、进展与展望.生物多样性,20(5):623-632.
张立.2006.中国亚洲象现状及研究进展.生物学通报,(11):1-3+64.
张路,欧阳志云,肖燚,等.2011.海南岛生物多样性保护优先区评价与系统保护规划.应用生态学报,22(8):2105-2112.
张路,欧阳志云,徐卫华,等.2010.基于系统保护规划理念的长江流域两栖爬行动物多样性保护优先区评价.长江流域资源与环境,19(9):1020-1028.
张路,欧阳志云,徐卫华.2015.系统保护规划的理论、方法及关键问题.生态学报,35(4):1284-1295.
张祖荣2011.中国动物地理.北京:科学出版社.
赵广华,田瑜,唐志尧,等.2013.中国国家级陆地自然保护区分布及其与人类活动和自然环境的关系.生物多样性,21(6):658-665.
赵松乔.1983.中国综合自然地理区划的一个新方案.地理学报,35(1):1-10.
Alagador D,Cerdeira JO,Araujo MB.2016.Climate change,species range shifts and dispersal corridors:An evaluation of spatial conservation models.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,7:853-866.
Bird International.2017.World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas.[2017-10-23].http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/home.
Brooks TM,Mittermeier RA,da Fonseca GAB,et al.2006.Global biodiversity conservation priorities.Science,313:58-61.
Chen Y.2017.Amphibian Distributions and Extinction Risk in China under Climate and Land Use Change(PhD thesis).Edmonton:University of Alberta.
Cowling RM,Pressey RL,Rouget M,et al.2003.A conservation plan for a global biodiversity hotspot:The Cape Floristic Region,South Africa.Biological Conservation,112:191-216.
Crouzeilles R,Beyer HL,Mills M,et al.2015.Incorporating habitat availability into systematic planning for restoration:A species-specific approach for Atlantic forest mammals.Diversity and Distributions,21:1027-1037.
Game E,Grantham H.2008.Marxan User Manual:For Marxan version 1.8.10.Queensland,Australia:University of Queensland,St.Lucia.
Hermoso V,Januchowski-Hartley SR,Linke S,et al.2017.Optimal allocation of Red List assessments to guide conservation of biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.Global Change Biology,23:3525-3532.
Hu R,Wen C,Gu Y,et al.2017.A bird’s view of new conservation hotspots in China.Biological Conservation,211:47-55.
IUCN Global Species Programme and IUCN Species Survival Commission.2017.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[2017-10-23].http://www.iucnredlist.org/.
Klein CJ,Chan A,Kircher L,et al.2008.Striking a balance between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic viability in the design of marine protected areas.Conservation Biology,22:691-700.
Li BV,Pimm SL.2016.China’s endemic vertebrates sheltering under the protective umbrella of the giant panda.Conservation Biology,30:329-339.
Liu JG,Linderman M,Ouyang ZY,et al.2001.Ecological degradation in protected areas:The case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas.Science,292:98-101.
Margules CR,Pressey RL.2000.Systematic conservation planning.Nature,405:243-253.
Ouyang Z,Zheng H,Xiao Y,et al.2016.Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital.Science,352:1455-1459.
Pouzols FM,Toivonen T,Di Minin E,et al.2014.Global protected area expansion is compromised by projected land-use and parochialism.Nature,516:383-386.
Primack RB.2006.Essentials of Conservation Biology.Sunderland,MA:Sinauer Associates.
Sanderson EW,Jaiteh M,Levy MA,et al.2002.The human footprint and the last of the wild.Bioscience,52:891-904.
Tantipisanuh N,Savini T,Cutter P,et al.2016.Biodiversity gap analysis of the protected area system of the Indo-Burma Hotspot and priorities for increasing biodiversity representation.Biological Conservation,195:203-213.
Tilman D,Clark M,Williams DR,et al.2017.Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention.Nature,546:73-81.
Wu R,Zhang S,Yu DW,et al.2011.Effectiveness of China’s nature reserves in representing ecological diversity.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,9:383-389.
Xu W,Vina A,Kong L,et al.2017a.Reassessing the conservation status of the giant panda using remote sensing.Nature Ecology&Evolution,1:1635-1638.
Xu W,Xiao Y,Zhang J,et al.2017b.Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,114:1601-1606.