广西大青山西南桦人工林林下植物优势种群分布格局
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摘要
以广西大青山林区西南桦纯林、西南桦×灰木莲混交林和西南桦×马尾松混交林作为研究对象,调查林下植物种类、数量和盖度等植被因子,应用重要值和扩散系数(DI)、负二项式分布(K)和聚块性指数(PAI)等测定指标,探讨3种造林模式对西南桦人工林林下植物优势种群分布格局的影响。结果表明:(1)西南桦纯林植物种类最多,西南桦×马尾松混交林次之,西南桦×灰木莲混交林中物种数量最少。(2)林下共有幼树优势种漆树,在西南桦×马尾松混交林呈聚集分布,但聚集程度不够明显,在纯林和西南桦×灰木莲混交林为均匀分布;灌木九节和藤本植物玉叶金花,在西南桦×灰木莲混交林和西南桦×马尾松混交林呈强烈聚集分布,两者在纯林聚集程度不明显;弓果黍和五节芒均在3种西南桦林内均呈强烈聚集分布。(3)3种造林模式对西南桦林下植物优势种及其分布格局的影响存在差异;我们建议适当立地选择、减少西南桦纯林比例,宜选取马尾松作为伴生树种混交造林,采取合理的营林措施,改善林分环境,提高林分异质性,从而促进西南桦人工林健康、高效的可持续经营。
The pure plantation of Betula alnoides, mixed plantations between Betula alnoides and Manglietia glaucaor, Pinus massonianain Daqingshan mountains area were selected to study the effect of afforestation modes on the distribution pattern of dominant population in the understory of Betula alnoides plantation by investigating the species, number and coverage of understory plants, means of important values and diffusivity coefficient(DI), negative binomial distribution(K) and clustering index(PAI). The results show that:(1) the pure plantation of Betula alnoides had the largest number of plant species, followed by mixed plantation between Betula alnoidesand Pinus massoniana, and mixed plantation of Betula alnoides and Manglietia glauca.(2) The dominant species Toxicodendron delavayi was distributed aggregately in the understory of Betula alnoides×Pinus massoniana mixed plantation. However, it was evenly distributed in the other plantations. Psychotria asiatica and liane Mussaenda pubescenswere clumped significantly both in Betulaalnoides×Manglietia glauca and Betula alnoides×Pinus massoniana mixed plantations, while the aggregation intensity was weaker in Betula alnoides pure plantation. Moreover, Cyrtococcum patens and Miscanthus floridulus showed clumped pattern in all plantations.(3)There were significant different in the understory dominant species and their distribution among three kinds of afforestation modes. Therefore, some measurements were taken, such as selecting proper site, reducing the proportion of Betula alnoidespure forest, selecting the Pinus massoniana mixed, to improve the forest environment and heterogeneity, and thus promote the healthy and efficient development of Betula alnoides plantation.
The pure plantation of Betula alnoides, mixed plantations between Betula alnoides and Manglietia glaucaor, Pinus massonianain Daqingshan mountains area were selected to study the effect of afforestation modes on the distribution pattern of dominant population in the understory of Betula alnoides plantation by investigating the species, number and coverage of understory plants, means of important values and diffusivity coefficient(DI), negative binomial distribution(K) and clustering index(PAI). The results show that:(1) the pure plantation of Betula alnoides had the largest number of plant species, followed by mixed plantation between Betula alnoidesand Pinus massoniana, and mixed plantation of Betula alnoides and Manglietia glauca.(2) The dominant species Toxicodendron delavayi was distributed aggregately in the understory of Betula alnoides×Pinus massoniana mixed plantation. However, it was evenly distributed in the other plantations. Psychotria asiatica and liane Mussaenda pubescenswere clumped significantly both in Betulaalnoides×Manglietia glauca and Betula alnoides×Pinus massoniana mixed plantations, while the aggregation intensity was weaker in Betula alnoides pure plantation. Moreover, Cyrtococcum patens and Miscanthus floridulus showed clumped pattern in all plantations.(3)There were significant different in the understory dominant species and their distribution among three kinds of afforestation modes. Therefore, some measurements were taken, such as selecting proper site, reducing the proportion of Betula alnoidespure forest, selecting the Pinus massoniana mixed, to improve the forest environment and heterogeneity, and thus promote the healthy and efficient development of Betula alnoides plantation.
引文
[1]康永祥,康博文,刘建军,等.陕北黄土高原文冠果群落结构及物种多样性[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4328-4339.
[2]樊艳荣,陈双林,林华,等.不同林下植被干扰措施对毛竹林下植物种群分布格局的影响[J].生物多样性,2013,21(6):709-714.
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[5]刘振国,李镇清.不同放牧强度下冷蒿种群小尺度空间格局[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):227-234.
[6]封磊,洪伟,吴承祯,等.杉木-拟赤杨人工混交林种内、种间竞争强度研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(1):46-50.
[7]玉宝,乌吉斯古楞,王百田,等.兴安落叶松天然林不同林分结构林木水平分布格局特征研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(1):83-88.
[8]柴勇,朱华,孟广涛,等.云南哀牢山古茶树群落优势树种的种群结构与分布格局[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(3):277-284.
[9]赵中华,惠刚盈,胡艳波,等.2种类型阔叶红松林优势种群空间分布格局及其关联性[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(5):554-562.
[10]郭琦,王新杰.不同混交模式杉木人工林林下植被生物量与土壤物理性质研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(5):70-74.
[11]姚茂和,盛炜彤,熊有强.杉木林下植被对立地的指示意义[J].林业科学,1992,28(3):208-212.
[12]袁正科,田育新,李锡泉,等.缓坡梯土幼林林下植被覆盖与水土流失[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2002,22(2):21-24.
[13]Huffman D W,Moore M M.Responses of Fendler ceanothus to overstory thinning,prescribed fire,and drought in an Arizona ponderosa pine forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,198(1-3):105-115.
[14]Taylor A H,Jang S W,Zhao L J,et al.Regeneration patterns and tree species coexistence in old-growth Abies-Picea forests in southwestern China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,223(1-3):303-317.
[15]褚建民,卢琦,崔向慧,等.人工林林下植被多样性研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(3):9-12.
[16]尹伟伦.全球森林与环境关系研究进展[J].森林与环境学报,2015,35(1):1-7.
[17]Beatty S W.Influence of microtopography and canopy species on spatial patterns of forest understory plants[J].Ecology,1984,65(5):1406-1419.
[18]Gálhidy L,Mihók B,HagyóA,et al.Effects of gap size and associated changes in light and soil moisture on the understorey vegetation of a Hungarian beech forest[J].Plant Ecology,2006,183(1):133-145.
[19]王成,刘继生,张美淑,等.带状间伐促进赤松人工林天然更新效果的研究——天然更新的综合效果与分布格局[J].延边大学农学学报,2004,26(2):77-80.
[20]曾杰,郭文福,赵志刚,等.我国西南桦研究的回顾与展望[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(3):379-384.
[21]张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.
[22]李品荣,曾觉民,陈强,等.西南桦人工纯林与混交林群落学特征比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):14-16.
[23]杨保国,刘士玲,贾宏炎,等.广西大青山西南桦人工林群落结构特征[J].广西林业科学,2016,45(4):414-418.
[24]李莲芳,刘永刚,孟梦,等.热带山桂花、西南桦人工幼林植物区系成分分析[J].广西植物,2007,27(3):414-419.
[25]上官铁梁,张峰.山西绵山植被优势种群的分布格局与种间联结的研究[J].植物科学学报,1988,6(4):357-364.
[26]庞圣江,张培,贾宏炎,等.细叶云南松群落物种多样性与种群空间分布格局[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(4):645-651.
[27]刘聪,朱教君,吴祥云,等.辽东山区次生林不同大小林窗土壤养分特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(1):79-81.
[28]张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.
[29]张继义,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地草地植被恢复演替进程中群落优势种群空间分布格局研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(2):1-6.
[30]罗菊春,王庆锁.干扰对天然红松林植物多样性的影响[J].林业科学,1997,33(6):498-503.
[31]马云波,牛聪傑,许中旗,等.不同造林模式对铁尾矿地土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015(3):242-248.
[32]邓娇娇,周永斌,杨立新,等.落叶松和水曲柳带状混交对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2684-2691.
[2]樊艳荣,陈双林,林华,等.不同林下植被干扰措施对毛竹林下植物种群分布格局的影响[J].生物多样性,2013,21(6):709-714.
[3]彭少麟.南亚热带森林群落动态学[M].科学出版社,1996:84-89.
[4]Brown J R,Stuth J W.How herbivory affects grazing tolerant and sensitive grasses in a central Texas grassland:integrating plant response across hierarchical levels[J].Oikos,1993,67(2):291-297.
[5]刘振国,李镇清.不同放牧强度下冷蒿种群小尺度空间格局[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):227-234.
[6]封磊,洪伟,吴承祯,等.杉木-拟赤杨人工混交林种内、种间竞争强度研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(1):46-50.
[7]玉宝,乌吉斯古楞,王百田,等.兴安落叶松天然林不同林分结构林木水平分布格局特征研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(1):83-88.
[8]柴勇,朱华,孟广涛,等.云南哀牢山古茶树群落优势树种的种群结构与分布格局[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(3):277-284.
[9]赵中华,惠刚盈,胡艳波,等.2种类型阔叶红松林优势种群空间分布格局及其关联性[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(5):554-562.
[10]郭琦,王新杰.不同混交模式杉木人工林林下植被生物量与土壤物理性质研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(5):70-74.
[11]姚茂和,盛炜彤,熊有强.杉木林下植被对立地的指示意义[J].林业科学,1992,28(3):208-212.
[12]袁正科,田育新,李锡泉,等.缓坡梯土幼林林下植被覆盖与水土流失[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2002,22(2):21-24.
[13]Huffman D W,Moore M M.Responses of Fendler ceanothus to overstory thinning,prescribed fire,and drought in an Arizona ponderosa pine forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,198(1-3):105-115.
[14]Taylor A H,Jang S W,Zhao L J,et al.Regeneration patterns and tree species coexistence in old-growth Abies-Picea forests in southwestern China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,223(1-3):303-317.
[15]褚建民,卢琦,崔向慧,等.人工林林下植被多样性研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(3):9-12.
[16]尹伟伦.全球森林与环境关系研究进展[J].森林与环境学报,2015,35(1):1-7.
[17]Beatty S W.Influence of microtopography and canopy species on spatial patterns of forest understory plants[J].Ecology,1984,65(5):1406-1419.
[18]Gálhidy L,Mihók B,HagyóA,et al.Effects of gap size and associated changes in light and soil moisture on the understorey vegetation of a Hungarian beech forest[J].Plant Ecology,2006,183(1):133-145.
[19]王成,刘继生,张美淑,等.带状间伐促进赤松人工林天然更新效果的研究——天然更新的综合效果与分布格局[J].延边大学农学学报,2004,26(2):77-80.
[20]曾杰,郭文福,赵志刚,等.我国西南桦研究的回顾与展望[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(3):379-384.
[21]张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.
[22]李品荣,曾觉民,陈强,等.西南桦人工纯林与混交林群落学特征比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):14-16.
[23]杨保国,刘士玲,贾宏炎,等.广西大青山西南桦人工林群落结构特征[J].广西林业科学,2016,45(4):414-418.
[24]李莲芳,刘永刚,孟梦,等.热带山桂花、西南桦人工幼林植物区系成分分析[J].广西植物,2007,27(3):414-419.
[25]上官铁梁,张峰.山西绵山植被优势种群的分布格局与种间联结的研究[J].植物科学学报,1988,6(4):357-364.
[26]庞圣江,张培,贾宏炎,等.细叶云南松群落物种多样性与种群空间分布格局[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(4):645-651.
[27]刘聪,朱教君,吴祥云,等.辽东山区次生林不同大小林窗土壤养分特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(1):79-81.
[28]张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.
[29]张继义,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地草地植被恢复演替进程中群落优势种群空间分布格局研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(2):1-6.
[30]罗菊春,王庆锁.干扰对天然红松林植物多样性的影响[J].林业科学,1997,33(6):498-503.
[31]马云波,牛聪傑,许中旗,等.不同造林模式对铁尾矿地土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015(3):242-248.
[32]邓娇娇,周永斌,杨立新,等.落叶松和水曲柳带状混交对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2684-2691.