土地整治工程对耕地利用格局的影响——以黑龙江859农场为例
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摘要
耕地利用格局能够反映区域资源配置的合理性,可以为土地整治规划和耕地利用格局优化提供依据.以859农场为研究区,在RS和GIS技术支撑下,选取垦殖率、土地利用动态度指数、斑块密度和景观形状指数,分析2009～2015年研究区耕地数量、内部结构、地类转化、景观格局的变化及其特征.结果表明:(1) 2009～2015年之间859农场的耕地总量变化微小,整体分布呈现"北扩东进"态势;(2)旱地在耕地中的比重降低而水田比重上升,水田成为耕地利用的优势类型;(3)旱地以转出水田为主,水田以旱地转入为主,转移总量相当但转移方向相反;(4)旱地斑块数量增加,形状呈简单化态势;水田斑块数量减小,形状呈复杂化态势.最后对该区域土地整治工程的实施提出建议:适度控制水田化的扩张规模和速度,根据不同需求,确定整治规划的重点和方向.
The cultivated land use pattern reflect the reasonability for regional resource allocation,and provide a basis for land consolidation planning and arable land use pattern optimization. Taken 859 reclamation farm in Heilongjiang Province as the research area,the techniques of RS and GIS were principally adopted,the cultivation rate,land use dynamic index,patch density and landscape shape index were selected to analyze the changes and characteristics of the cultivated land quantity,internal structure,land type transformation and landscape pattern in the study area of 2009 ～ 2015.. The results shows that:( 1) the total quantity change of arable land of 859 reclamation farm in 2009 ～ 2015 is smooth and steady,and it appeared a trend that the overall cropland distribution is expanding to the northern and advancing to the eastern in the research area.( 2) The internal structure of cultivated land have a significant change: the proportion of dry land is decreased but that of paddy field is increased,paddy field turned to the dominant type of the cropland utilization.( 3) Arid land is mainly in the form of conversion-out; paddy land is mostly in the form of conversion-in. Although the transfer quantity of the two types land is nearly equal,the transfer direction is opposite.( 4) Dry land patch scale is increased and its shape became to simplify,while paddy field patch scale is decreased and its shape is more complicated. The use pattern changes of dry land and paddy field has a visible difference. Finally,some suggestions on the implementation of the land consolidation project in this area are put forward: the scale and speed of the expansion of the paddy field are controlled moderately,and the focus and direction of the regulation plan are determined,according to the different needs.
The cultivated land use pattern reflect the reasonability for regional resource allocation,and provide a basis for land consolidation planning and arable land use pattern optimization. Taken 859 reclamation farm in Heilongjiang Province as the research area,the techniques of RS and GIS were principally adopted,the cultivation rate,land use dynamic index,patch density and landscape shape index were selected to analyze the changes and characteristics of the cultivated land quantity,internal structure,land type transformation and landscape pattern in the study area of 2009 ～ 2015.. The results shows that:( 1) the total quantity change of arable land of 859 reclamation farm in 2009 ～ 2015 is smooth and steady,and it appeared a trend that the overall cropland distribution is expanding to the northern and advancing to the eastern in the research area.( 2) The internal structure of cultivated land have a significant change: the proportion of dry land is decreased but that of paddy field is increased,paddy field turned to the dominant type of the cropland utilization.( 3) Arid land is mainly in the form of conversion-out; paddy land is mostly in the form of conversion-in. Although the transfer quantity of the two types land is nearly equal,the transfer direction is opposite.( 4) Dry land patch scale is increased and its shape became to simplify,while paddy field patch scale is decreased and its shape is more complicated. The use pattern changes of dry land and paddy field has a visible difference. Finally,some suggestions on the implementation of the land consolidation project in this area are put forward: the scale and speed of the expansion of the paddy field are controlled moderately,and the focus and direction of the regulation plan are determined,according to the different needs.
引文
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[10]汪文雄,朱欣,余利红,等.不同模式下农地整治前后土地利用效率的比较研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(7):1104-1118.
[11]匡丽花,叶英聪,赵小敏,等.基于农用地分等修正的土地整治项目对耕地质量的影响评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):198-205.
[12]高星,吴克宁,陈学砧,等.土地整治项目提升耕地质量可实现潜力测算[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):233-240.
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[14]张超,刘佳佳,陈英义,等.土地整治区田块空间形态变化遥感监测与评价[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):104-112.
[15]陈红宇,朱道林,郧文聚,等.嘉兴市耕地细碎化和空间集聚格局分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(4):235-242.
[16]布仁仓,胡远满,常禹,等.景观指数之间的相关分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2764-2775.
[17]刘盛和,何书金.土地利用动态变化的空间分析测算模型[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(5):533-541.
[18]李小燕,任志远,张翀.近300年来黄土高原耕地时空变化及预测[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(5):94-101.
[19]陈龙,周生路,周兵兵,等.基于主导功能的江苏省土地利用转型特征与驱动力[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):155-163.
[20]乔伟峰,毛广雄,王亚华,等.近32年来南京城市扩展与土地利用演变研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(2):200-209.
[21]刘吉平,赵丹丹,田学智.1954-2010年三江平原土地利用景观格局动态变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3234-3244.
[22]杜国明,潘涛,尹哲睿,等.水田化进程中的富锦市耕地景观格局演化规律[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):207-214.
[2]杜国明,刘彦随,于凤荣,等.耕地质量观的演变与再认识[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):243-249.
[3]满卫东,王宗明,刘明月,等.1990-2013年东北地区耕地时空变化遥感分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):1-10.
[4]吴绍洪,罗勇,王浩,等.中国气候变化与适应:态势和展望[J].科学通报,2016,61(10):1042-1054.
[5]宋戈,王越.松嫩高平原土地利用格局变化时空分异[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):225-233.
[6]管栩,金晓斌,杨绪红,等.中国农用地整理项目安排与耕地资源分布的协调性研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(2):226-235.
[7]胡业翠,郑新奇,徐劲原,等.中国土地整治新增耕地面积的区域差异[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):1-6.
[8]周建,张凤荣,王秀丽,等.中国土地整治新增耕地时空变化及其分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):282-289.
[9]魏凤娟,李江风,刘艳中.湖北县域土地整治新增耕地的时空特征及其影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):267-276.
[10]汪文雄,朱欣,余利红,等.不同模式下农地整治前后土地利用效率的比较研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(7):1104-1118.
[11]匡丽花,叶英聪,赵小敏,等.基于农用地分等修正的土地整治项目对耕地质量的影响评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):198-205.
[12]高星,吴克宁,陈学砧,等.土地整治项目提升耕地质量可实现潜力测算[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):233-240.
[13]童陆亿,胡守庚,杨剩富.土地整治区耕地质量重估方法研究[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(2):60-67.
[14]张超,刘佳佳,陈英义,等.土地整治区田块空间形态变化遥感监测与评价[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):104-112.
[15]陈红宇,朱道林,郧文聚,等.嘉兴市耕地细碎化和空间集聚格局分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(4):235-242.
[16]布仁仓,胡远满,常禹,等.景观指数之间的相关分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2764-2775.
[17]刘盛和,何书金.土地利用动态变化的空间分析测算模型[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(5):533-541.
[18]李小燕,任志远,张翀.近300年来黄土高原耕地时空变化及预测[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(5):94-101.
[19]陈龙,周生路,周兵兵,等.基于主导功能的江苏省土地利用转型特征与驱动力[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):155-163.
[20]乔伟峰,毛广雄,王亚华,等.近32年来南京城市扩展与土地利用演变研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(2):200-209.
[21]刘吉平,赵丹丹,田学智.1954-2010年三江平原土地利用景观格局动态变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3234-3244.
[22]杜国明,潘涛,尹哲睿,等.水田化进程中的富锦市耕地景观格局演化规律[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):207-214.