野生动物与外来人兽共患病
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摘要
近年来,人兽共患病在全球范围内频繁发生,尤其野生动物源性人兽共患病呈上升趋势,我国在防控野生动物源性外来人兽共患病上面临巨大挑战。本文参考了近年来国内外野生动物与外来人兽共患的相关文献,主要介绍了野生动物在人兽共患病传播过程中的重要作用,阐述了尼帕病毒病、西尼罗热、埃博拉出血热等野生动物源性外来人兽共患病的流行现状,从生态环境的改变、跨境野生动物及捕食野生动物3个方面分析了影响野生动物源性外来人兽共患病传播的风险,针对野生动物源性外来人兽共患病监测防控工作提出了"哨卡前移"、"预防为主"、"依靠科技"、"联防联控"等4点建议。
In recent years,the global frequency of breakouts of zoonoses has increased. China is faced with great challenge on the prevention and control of zoonoses from wildlife. We reviewed the recent domestic and foreign literature on the relationship between wild animals and zoonoses.Here we discuss the important role of wild animals in the transmission of zoonoses. We discuss the epidemic status of wildlife-derived exotic zoonoses such as Nipah virus,West Nile Fever,and Ebola virus. We analyzed risk factors,including ecological environment changes,cross-border wildlife,and prey on wild animals that influence the spread of exotic zoonoses from wildlife. We offer suggestions including"post forward","prevention first", "depending on technology" and"joint prevention and control"for prevention and control work of wildlife-derived zoonoses.
In recent years,the global frequency of breakouts of zoonoses has increased. China is faced with great challenge on the prevention and control of zoonoses from wildlife. We reviewed the recent domestic and foreign literature on the relationship between wild animals and zoonoses.Here we discuss the important role of wild animals in the transmission of zoonoses. We discuss the epidemic status of wildlife-derived exotic zoonoses such as Nipah virus,West Nile Fever,and Ebola virus. We analyzed risk factors,including ecological environment changes,cross-border wildlife,and prey on wild animals that influence the spread of exotic zoonoses from wildlife. We offer suggestions including"post forward","prevention first", "depending on technology" and"joint prevention and control"for prevention and control work of wildlife-derived zoonoses.
引文
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[6]Cyranoski D.Bat cave solves mystery of deadly SARS virus-and suggests new outbreak could occur[J].Nature,2017,552(7683):15-16.
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[13]Wang L H,Tang Q,Liang G D.Rabies and rabies virus in wildlife in mainland China,1990-2013[J].International Journal of Infectious Diseases,2014,25:122-129.
[14]王力华,唐青,梁国栋.野生动物在狂犬病流行病学中的作用[J].中国动物检疫,2014,31(6):39-42.
[15]王智勇.浅析野生动物与人兽共患病(1)[J].特种经济动植物,2008(7):15-16.
[16]Shi M,Lin X D,Tian J H,et al.Redefining the invertebrate RNAvirosphere[J].Nature,2016,540(7634):539-543.
[17]张海林.我国蝙蝠携带新发现病毒的研究进展[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(3):223-227.
[18]Ge X Y,Li J L,Yang X L,et al.Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor[J].Nature,2013,503(7477):535-538.
[19]Lam T T Y,Wang J,Shen Y Y,et al.The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China[J].Nature,2013,502(7470):241-244.
[20]Zhao B H,Zhang X,Zhu W F,et al.Novel avian influenza A(H7N9)virus in tree sparrow,Shanghai,China,2013[J].E-merging Infectious Diseases,2014,20(5):850-853.
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[22]张体银,郑腾,白泉阳,等.尼帕病毒病传入风险分析和防控措施[J].畜牧与兽医,2013,45(12):111-115.
[23]Chancey C,Grinev A,Volkova E,et al.The global ecology and epidemiology of West Nile virus[J].BioMed Research International,2015,2015:376230.
[24]Lu Z,Fu S H,Cao L,et al.Human infection with West Nile virus,Xinjiang,China,2011[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2014,20(8):1421-1423.
[25]杨正时,卢洪洲,潘孝彰.人感染H7亚型禽流感事件[J].中国微生态学杂志,2014,26(9):1100-1106;1115.
[26]Pei G,Du H Y,Lei F,et al.Human infection with an avian-origin influenza A(H7N4)virus in Jiangsu:a potential threat to China[J].Journal of Infection,2018,77(3):249-257.
[27]国家卫生健康委员会.埃博拉出血热防控方案.国家卫生健康委员会网站[EB/OL].(2014-07-31).http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/201407/530a2d22409249a7a5fbde51f0117b32.shtml.
[28]Pourrut X,Kumulungui B,Wittmann T,et al.The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa[J].Microbes and Infection,2005,7(7/8):1005-1014.
[29]Weingartl H M,Nfon C,Kobinger G.Review of Ebola virus infections in domestic animals[J]Developments in Biologicals,2013,135:211-218.
[30]Cunha C B,Opal S M.Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS):a new zoonotic viral pneumonia[J].Virulence,2014,5(6):650-654.
[31]Assiri A,Mc Geer A,Perl T M,et al.Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus[J].New England Journal of Medicine,2013,369(5):407-416.
[32]The Health Protection Agency(HPA)UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation Team.Evidence of person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections,United Kingdom[J].Euro Surveill,2013,18(11):2042.
[33]WHO.Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)-Republic of Korea,Disease outbreak news update on 9 June 2015[EB/OL].[2015-06-18].http://www.Who.int/csr/don/9-june-2015-mers-korea/en/.
[34]张萌,旷翠萍,邓登红,等.中东呼吸综合征的发现、流行特征和防控措施[J].华南预防医学,2015,41(4):312-317.
[35]金宁一.野生动物与新发人兽共患病[J].兽医导刊,2007(10):21-24.
[2]潘润存.人兽共患病增多的原因及防治对策研究[J].中国社会医学杂志,2011,28(1):70-72.
[3]Taylor L H,Latham S M,Woolhouse M E J.Risk factors for human disease emergence[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,Society B:Biological Sciences,2001,356(1411):983-989.
[4]赵熙熙.哺乳动物或携带32万种未知病毒[J].前沿科学,2013,7(3):94-95.
[5]Jones K E,Patel N G,Levy M A,et al.Global trends in emerging infectious diseases[J].Nature,2008,451(7181):990-993.
[6]Cyranoski D.Bat cave solves mystery of deadly SARS virus-and suggests new outbreak could occur[J].Nature,2017,552(7683):15-16.
[7]Sharp P M,Hahn B H.The evolution of HIV-1 and the origin of AIDS[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2010,365(1552):2487-2494.
[8]Luo Y W,Zhang Y,Liu X Y,et al.Characterization of a wild rabies virus isolate of porcine origin in China[J].Infection,Genetics and Evolution,2013,17:147-152.
[9]童明龙,郝俊峰,赵德明.西尼罗河热流行病学及其研究概况[J].中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(11):45-47.
[10]罗芳,刘增加,张军民.埃博拉出血热的发病机制及其防治[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2014,32(5):470-473.
[11]张贵生.近年来中国人兽共患病的流行趋势及防控态势[J].疾病监测,2009,24(10):733-736.
[12]Sharp P M,Bailes E,Robertson D L,et al.Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses[J].The Biological Bulletin,1999,196(3):338-342.
[13]Wang L H,Tang Q,Liang G D.Rabies and rabies virus in wildlife in mainland China,1990-2013[J].International Journal of Infectious Diseases,2014,25:122-129.
[14]王力华,唐青,梁国栋.野生动物在狂犬病流行病学中的作用[J].中国动物检疫,2014,31(6):39-42.
[15]王智勇.浅析野生动物与人兽共患病(1)[J].特种经济动植物,2008(7):15-16.
[16]Shi M,Lin X D,Tian J H,et al.Redefining the invertebrate RNAvirosphere[J].Nature,2016,540(7634):539-543.
[17]张海林.我国蝙蝠携带新发现病毒的研究进展[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(3):223-227.
[18]Ge X Y,Li J L,Yang X L,et al.Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor[J].Nature,2013,503(7477):535-538.
[19]Lam T T Y,Wang J,Shen Y Y,et al.The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China[J].Nature,2013,502(7470):241-244.
[20]Zhao B H,Zhang X,Zhu W F,et al.Novel avian influenza A(H7N9)virus in tree sparrow,Shanghai,China,2013[J].E-merging Infectious Diseases,2014,20(5):850-853.
[21]郭丽霞,陈继明,曲光刚,等.尼帕病毒病及其病原的研究进展[J].中国兽医科学,2006,36(11):940-944.
[22]张体银,郑腾,白泉阳,等.尼帕病毒病传入风险分析和防控措施[J].畜牧与兽医,2013,45(12):111-115.
[23]Chancey C,Grinev A,Volkova E,et al.The global ecology and epidemiology of West Nile virus[J].BioMed Research International,2015,2015:376230.
[24]Lu Z,Fu S H,Cao L,et al.Human infection with West Nile virus,Xinjiang,China,2011[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2014,20(8):1421-1423.
[25]杨正时,卢洪洲,潘孝彰.人感染H7亚型禽流感事件[J].中国微生态学杂志,2014,26(9):1100-1106;1115.
[26]Pei G,Du H Y,Lei F,et al.Human infection with an avian-origin influenza A(H7N4)virus in Jiangsu:a potential threat to China[J].Journal of Infection,2018,77(3):249-257.
[27]国家卫生健康委员会.埃博拉出血热防控方案.国家卫生健康委员会网站[EB/OL].(2014-07-31).http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/201407/530a2d22409249a7a5fbde51f0117b32.shtml.
[28]Pourrut X,Kumulungui B,Wittmann T,et al.The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa[J].Microbes and Infection,2005,7(7/8):1005-1014.
[29]Weingartl H M,Nfon C,Kobinger G.Review of Ebola virus infections in domestic animals[J]Developments in Biologicals,2013,135:211-218.
[30]Cunha C B,Opal S M.Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS):a new zoonotic viral pneumonia[J].Virulence,2014,5(6):650-654.
[31]Assiri A,Mc Geer A,Perl T M,et al.Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus[J].New England Journal of Medicine,2013,369(5):407-416.
[32]The Health Protection Agency(HPA)UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation Team.Evidence of person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections,United Kingdom[J].Euro Surveill,2013,18(11):2042.
[33]WHO.Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)-Republic of Korea,Disease outbreak news update on 9 June 2015[EB/OL].[2015-06-18].http://www.Who.int/csr/don/9-june-2015-mers-korea/en/.
[34]张萌,旷翠萍,邓登红,等.中东呼吸综合征的发现、流行特征和防控措施[J].华南预防医学,2015,41(4):312-317.
[35]金宁一.野生动物与新发人兽共患病[J].兽医导刊,2007(10):21-24.