库车坳陷含夹层盐构造变形物理模拟
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摘要
最新的钻井、测井资料显示,库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木组盐层并非纯盐,而是由4套夹层组成。文中依据地层组合特征,设计出含夹层塑性层模型进行物理模拟研究,揭示各夹层的差异变形规律、与围岩的相互作用,以及脆性夹层变形机理。实验结果表明:底部塑性层被盐下断裂刺入,吸收逆冲位移量后刺穿上覆砂层进入顶部硅胶层;石英砂层初期受到上下塑性层剪切作用,发育密集小褶皱,然后在盐下断层下盘的弱应力区折叠增厚,形成复杂褶皱,受盐下断块逆冲位移差异控制;顶部塑性层流动最强烈,滑脱作用显著增加了盐上变形距离,底辟拱升促使上覆层褶皱变形;顶部微玻璃珠层在背斜核部发生弯流作用。由此论证了含夹层塑性层是研究库车地区盐构造的必要前提。
Latest drilling and logging data indicate the Paleogene Kumugeliemu Formation is not pure salt in Kuqa Depression, it is composed of 4 interlayers. Based on stratigraphy assemblage, the interbeded ductile layer model is devised to physically simulate the evolution of four different interlayers. This model reveal differential deformation in 4 interlayers, interaction between the ductile layer and the strata beneath and above salt, and deformation mechanism of competent interlayer. Test results show that the bottom ductile layer was pierced by faults from sub-salt strata, absorbing a large number of thrust displacements. This layer also pierced overlying sand interlayer into top ductile layer. The sand interlayer was subjected to shear action of the surrounding ductile layers,and the dense minor folds were developed. Its intensive thickening usually occur in the footwall of the sub-salt faults with complex folds, which was controlled by violent thrust action from sub-salt strata. The top ductile layer is a significant decollement with the intense flow, expanding the range of deformation and promotes folds in the upper-salt strata. The top micro glass bead layer bent and flowed in the core of anticline. Interbeded layers is an necessary prerequisite for the study of salt structures in Kuqa Depression.
Latest drilling and logging data indicate the Paleogene Kumugeliemu Formation is not pure salt in Kuqa Depression, it is composed of 4 interlayers. Based on stratigraphy assemblage, the interbeded ductile layer model is devised to physically simulate the evolution of four different interlayers. This model reveal differential deformation in 4 interlayers, interaction between the ductile layer and the strata beneath and above salt, and deformation mechanism of competent interlayer. Test results show that the bottom ductile layer was pierced by faults from sub-salt strata, absorbing a large number of thrust displacements. This layer also pierced overlying sand interlayer into top ductile layer. The sand interlayer was subjected to shear action of the surrounding ductile layers,and the dense minor folds were developed. Its intensive thickening usually occur in the footwall of the sub-salt faults with complex folds, which was controlled by violent thrust action from sub-salt strata. The top ductile layer is a significant decollement with the intense flow, expanding the range of deformation and promotes folds in the upper-salt strata. The top micro glass bead layer bent and flowed in the core of anticline. Interbeded layers is an necessary prerequisite for the study of salt structures in Kuqa Depression.
引文
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[17]刘玉萍,尹宏伟,张洁,等.褶皱-冲断体系双层滑脱构造变形物理模拟实验[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(4):424-428.
[18]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地多期盐构造与油气聚集[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2004,34(增刊1):89-97.
[2]徐振平,赵博,汪新,等.库车坳陷东秋里塔格构造带隐伏构造定量化计算[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):311-317.
[3]陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造,等.秋里塔克构造带盐构造形成的传力方式的构造物理模拟[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(1):6-10.
[4]殷进垠.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造与油气成藏特征[J].断块油气田,2008,15(5):34-36.
[5]YIN H W,ZHENG M P,ZHANG Z,et al.Mechanism of salt migration driven by tectonic processes:insights from physical and numerical modeling[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(增刊1):273-274.
[6]YANG K,QI J,MA B,et al.Structural evolution and controlling facts of piercement structures in the Kuqa depression,Tarim basin,western China[J].Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences,2017,12(2):525-540.
[7]唐鹏程,汪新,谢会文,等.库车坳陷却勒地区新生代盐构造特征、演化及变形控制因素[J].地质学报,2010,84(12):1735-1745.
[8]谢会文,吴珍云,能源,等.同构造沉积速率对先存被动盐底辟挤压变形的影响:库车坳陷西秋里塔格构造带盐构造分析及物理模拟[J].高校地质学报,2014,20(4):611-622.
[9]李建峰,谷永兴,刘永雷,等.库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带构造变形控制因素及分段特征[J].石油地质与工程,2016,30(4):11-17.
[10]贾承造,陈汉林,杨树锋,等.库车坳陷晚白垩世隆升过程及其地质响应[J].石油学报,2003,24(3):1-5.
[11]何登发,李德生,何金有,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷和西南坳陷油气地质特征类比及勘探启示[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):201-218.
[12]ZHU G Y,WANG H T,WENG N,et al.Geochemistry,origin and accumulation of continental condensate in the ultra-deep-buried cretaceous sandstone reservoir,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2015,65(8):103-113.
[13]郭卫星,漆家福,李明刚,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的反转构造及其形成机制[J].石油学报,2010,31(3):379-385.
[14]能源,谢会文,孙太荣,等.克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):1-6.
[15]YU Y X,TANG L J,YANG W J,et al.Salt structures and hydrocarbon accumulations in the Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2014,98(1):135-159.
[16]吴海,赵孟军,李伟强,等.库车坳陷阿瓦特地区油气动态演化过程[J].断块油气田,2016,23(3):294-299.
[17]刘玉萍,尹宏伟,张洁,等.褶皱-冲断体系双层滑脱构造变形物理模拟实验[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(4):424-428.
[18]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地多期盐构造与油气聚集[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2004,34(增刊1):89-97.