基于非线性频偏的频控阵波束控制研究
|
摘要
与相控阵波束指向只具有角度相关性不同,频控阵波束图是时间、角度及距离的函数.这一特性在抑制距离相关性干扰等方面有着巨大的应用价值,但其方向图所固有的距离-角度耦合会带来新的频控阵波束控制问题.如何消除距离-角度耦合关系是实现波束精确控制及目标精确定位的前提.针对这一问题,提出一种基于可变加载约束的最速下降-线性约束最小方差(SD-LCMV)算法计算最优权矢量,同时将对数、三角函数、指数函数及倒数4种非线性频偏增量方式引入一维均匀线性频控阵(ULA-FDA)阵列,仿真验证应用4种不同非线性频偏的ULAFDA阵列发射方向图的解耦性能.之后,采用多信号分类(MUSIC)算法仿真得到不同频偏情况下的MUSIC谱函数,对比分析4种频偏增量方式下的目标距离-角度二维联合估计性能.此外,仿真分析了sin-FDA阵列的接收机结构方向图特性及基于sin-FDA收发共形阵列的3种接收信号处理机制,从而验证了非线性频偏频控阵(FDA)阵列结构的有效性.
Unlike the phased-array beam pattern with only angular correlation,the beam pattern of frequency diverse array(FDA)is a function on time,angle and distance.This feature provides agreat application value in suppressing distance-related interference and other aspects,but the inherent distance-angle coupling of the beam pattern will bring about new frequency diverse array beam control problems.How to eliminate the distance-angle coupling relationship is the premise to achieve accurate beam control and precise target positioning.To solve this problem,an SDLCMV(steepest descent linear constrained minimum variance)algorithm was proposed based on variable load constraints to compute the optimal weight vector.At the same time,the logarithm,trigonometric function,exponential function and reciprocal four nonlinear frequency offset increment methods were introduced into ULA-FDA array to verify the decoupling performance of the ULA-FDA array transmit patterns with four different nonlinear frequency offsets.Afterwards,the MUSIC(multiple signal classification)algorithm was used to simulate the MUSIC spectrum function under different frequency offset conditions,and the performance of the target distance-angle two-dimensional joint estimation under the four frequency offset increment methods was compared and analyzed.In addition,simulation was carried out to analyze the receiver structure pattern of the sin-FDA array and the three receive signal processing mechanisms of the sin-FDA transceiver conformal array.Results show the validity of the nonlinear frequency deviation FDA array structure.
Unlike the phased-array beam pattern with only angular correlation,the beam pattern of frequency diverse array(FDA)is a function on time,angle and distance.This feature provides agreat application value in suppressing distance-related interference and other aspects,but the inherent distance-angle coupling of the beam pattern will bring about new frequency diverse array beam control problems.How to eliminate the distance-angle coupling relationship is the premise to achieve accurate beam control and precise target positioning.To solve this problem,an SDLCMV(steepest descent linear constrained minimum variance)algorithm was proposed based on variable load constraints to compute the optimal weight vector.At the same time,the logarithm,trigonometric function,exponential function and reciprocal four nonlinear frequency offset increment methods were introduced into ULA-FDA array to verify the decoupling performance of the ULA-FDA array transmit patterns with four different nonlinear frequency offsets.Afterwards,the MUSIC(multiple signal classification)algorithm was used to simulate the MUSIC spectrum function under different frequency offset conditions,and the performance of the target distance-angle two-dimensional joint estimation under the four frequency offset increment methods was compared and analyzed.In addition,simulation was carried out to analyze the receiver structure pattern of the sin-FDA array and the three receive signal processing mechanisms of the sin-FDA transceiver conformal array.Results show the validity of the nonlinear frequency deviation FDA array structure.
引文
[1]Aatonik P,Wicks W C,Griffiths H D,et al.Frequency diverse array radars[C]∥Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference.Verona,NY:[s.n.],2006:470-475.
[2]Antonik P,Wicks M C,Griffiths H D,et al.Multi-mission multi-mode waveform diversity[C]∥Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Radar.Verona,NY:[s.n.],2006:580-582.
[3]Wang Wenqin.Overview of frequency diverse array in radar and navigation applications[J].IET Radar,Sonar&Navigation,2016,10(6):1001-1012.
[4]Wang Wenqin.Frequency diverse array antenna:new opportunities[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2015,57(2):145-152.
[5]Higgins T,Blunt S D.Analysis of range-angle coupled beamforming with frequency-diverse chirps[C]∥Proceedings of International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference.Kissimmee,FL:[s.n.],2009:1-4.
[6]Waseem Khan,Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi.Frequency diverse array radar with time dependent frequency offset[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2014(13):758-761.
[7]Khan W,Qureahi I M,Saeed S.Frequency diverse array radar with logarithmically increasing frequency offset[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2015,14:499-502.
[8]Wasim Khan,Ijaz M Q,Abdul Basit,et al.Performance analysis of MIMO-frequency diverse array radar with variable logarithmic offsets[J].Progress in Electromagnetics Research C,2016,62:23-34.
[9]Gao Kuandong,Wang Wenqin,Cai Jingye,et al.Decoupled frequency diverse array range-angle-dependent beampattern synthesis using non-linearly increasing frequency offsets[J].IET Microwaves,Antennas&Propagation,2016,10(8):880-884.
[10]Wang Y B,Wang W Q,Shao H Z.Frequency diverse array radar Cramer-Rao lower bounds for estimating direction,range and velocity[J].International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,2014,2014(1):1-15.
[11]Sammartino P F,Baker C.The frequency diverse bistatic system[C]∥Proc.Fourth Waveform Diversity&Design Conf.Orlando,FL:[s.n.],2009:155-159.
[12]Zhang Zhenyu,Liu Wei,Leng Wen,et al.Interferenceplus-noise covariance matrix reconstruction via spatial power spectrum sampling for robust adaptive beamforming[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2016,23(1):121-125.
[13]路成军,盛卫星,韩玉兵,等.基于可变加载的稳健并行波束形成算法[J].南京理工大学学报,2013,37(3):371-377.Lu Chengjun,Sheng Weixing,Han Yubin,et al.Robust parallel beamforming algorithm based on variable loading[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2013,37(3):371-377.(in Chinese)
[14]Basit A,Qureshi I M,Khan W,et al.Beam pattern synthesis for a cognitive frequency diverse array radar to localize multiple targets with same direction but different ranges[C]∥Proceeding of 2016 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology.Islamabad,Pakistan:[s.n.],2016:682-688.
[15]黄玲,贺知明,李想,等.基于差分阵列的频控阵雷达距离-角度联合估计[J].系统仿真学报,2017,29(4):886-893.Hang Ling,He Zhiming,Li Xiang,et al.Frequency diverse array radar for range-angle estimation based on difference co-array[J].Journal of System Simulation,2017,29(4):886-893.(in Chinese)
[16]李明,曹福宝,姜春兰,等.网络传感器阵列目标定距定向的影响因素研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2014,34(2):162-165.Li Ming,Cao Fubao,Jiang Chunlan,et al.Influence of several factors on network sensor array target orientation[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2014,34(2):162-165.(in Chinese)
[17]徐德琛,刘志文,徐友根.某测向系统中MUSIC算法的FPGA实现[J].北京理工大学学报,2010,30(9):1107-1111.Xu Dechen,Liu Zhiwen,Xu Yougen,et al,FPGA implementation of MUSIC for a direction finding system[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2010,30(9):1107-1111.(in Chinese)
[18]侯建军,朱明强,刘颖.一种强背景噪声下的WSN目标定位算法[J].北京理工大学学报,2016,36(5):535-540.Hou Jianjun,Zhu Mingqiang,Liu Ying,et al.An improved localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks under complex background noise[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2016,36(5):535-540.(in Chinese)
[19]张昭建,谢军伟,盛川,等.频率分集阵列接收机结构设计及方向图分析[J].华中科技大学学报,2017,45(6):15-20.Zhang Zhaojian,Xie Junwei,Sheng Chuan,et al.Frequency diverse array receiver architecture design and pattern analysis[J].Journal Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2017,45(6):15-20.(in Chinese)
[20]熊杰.频控阵发射波束形成及其应用方法研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2014.Xiong Jie.Research on transmiting beamforming technology and its applications of frequency diversearray[D].Chengdu:School of Information and Communication Engineering,2014.(in Chinese)
[2]Antonik P,Wicks M C,Griffiths H D,et al.Multi-mission multi-mode waveform diversity[C]∥Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Radar.Verona,NY:[s.n.],2006:580-582.
[3]Wang Wenqin.Overview of frequency diverse array in radar and navigation applications[J].IET Radar,Sonar&Navigation,2016,10(6):1001-1012.
[4]Wang Wenqin.Frequency diverse array antenna:new opportunities[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2015,57(2):145-152.
[5]Higgins T,Blunt S D.Analysis of range-angle coupled beamforming with frequency-diverse chirps[C]∥Proceedings of International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference.Kissimmee,FL:[s.n.],2009:1-4.
[6]Waseem Khan,Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi.Frequency diverse array radar with time dependent frequency offset[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2014(13):758-761.
[7]Khan W,Qureahi I M,Saeed S.Frequency diverse array radar with logarithmically increasing frequency offset[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2015,14:499-502.
[8]Wasim Khan,Ijaz M Q,Abdul Basit,et al.Performance analysis of MIMO-frequency diverse array radar with variable logarithmic offsets[J].Progress in Electromagnetics Research C,2016,62:23-34.
[9]Gao Kuandong,Wang Wenqin,Cai Jingye,et al.Decoupled frequency diverse array range-angle-dependent beampattern synthesis using non-linearly increasing frequency offsets[J].IET Microwaves,Antennas&Propagation,2016,10(8):880-884.
[10]Wang Y B,Wang W Q,Shao H Z.Frequency diverse array radar Cramer-Rao lower bounds for estimating direction,range and velocity[J].International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,2014,2014(1):1-15.
[11]Sammartino P F,Baker C.The frequency diverse bistatic system[C]∥Proc.Fourth Waveform Diversity&Design Conf.Orlando,FL:[s.n.],2009:155-159.
[12]Zhang Zhenyu,Liu Wei,Leng Wen,et al.Interferenceplus-noise covariance matrix reconstruction via spatial power spectrum sampling for robust adaptive beamforming[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2016,23(1):121-125.
[13]路成军,盛卫星,韩玉兵,等.基于可变加载的稳健并行波束形成算法[J].南京理工大学学报,2013,37(3):371-377.Lu Chengjun,Sheng Weixing,Han Yubin,et al.Robust parallel beamforming algorithm based on variable loading[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2013,37(3):371-377.(in Chinese)
[14]Basit A,Qureshi I M,Khan W,et al.Beam pattern synthesis for a cognitive frequency diverse array radar to localize multiple targets with same direction but different ranges[C]∥Proceeding of 2016 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology.Islamabad,Pakistan:[s.n.],2016:682-688.
[15]黄玲,贺知明,李想,等.基于差分阵列的频控阵雷达距离-角度联合估计[J].系统仿真学报,2017,29(4):886-893.Hang Ling,He Zhiming,Li Xiang,et al.Frequency diverse array radar for range-angle estimation based on difference co-array[J].Journal of System Simulation,2017,29(4):886-893.(in Chinese)
[16]李明,曹福宝,姜春兰,等.网络传感器阵列目标定距定向的影响因素研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2014,34(2):162-165.Li Ming,Cao Fubao,Jiang Chunlan,et al.Influence of several factors on network sensor array target orientation[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2014,34(2):162-165.(in Chinese)
[17]徐德琛,刘志文,徐友根.某测向系统中MUSIC算法的FPGA实现[J].北京理工大学学报,2010,30(9):1107-1111.Xu Dechen,Liu Zhiwen,Xu Yougen,et al,FPGA implementation of MUSIC for a direction finding system[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2010,30(9):1107-1111.(in Chinese)
[18]侯建军,朱明强,刘颖.一种强背景噪声下的WSN目标定位算法[J].北京理工大学学报,2016,36(5):535-540.Hou Jianjun,Zhu Mingqiang,Liu Ying,et al.An improved localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks under complex background noise[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2016,36(5):535-540.(in Chinese)
[19]张昭建,谢军伟,盛川,等.频率分集阵列接收机结构设计及方向图分析[J].华中科技大学学报,2017,45(6):15-20.Zhang Zhaojian,Xie Junwei,Sheng Chuan,et al.Frequency diverse array receiver architecture design and pattern analysis[J].Journal Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2017,45(6):15-20.(in Chinese)
[20]熊杰.频控阵发射波束形成及其应用方法研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2014.Xiong Jie.Research on transmiting beamforming technology and its applications of frequency diversearray[D].Chengdu:School of Information and Communication Engineering,2014.(in Chinese)