基于自适应光学技术的高速流场效应模拟方法
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摘要
在高分辨率天文观测和空间测绘过程中,高速流场效应会造成目标光学波前畸变,影响探测器分辨率。从高速流场造成光学效应对空间观测的影响入手,研究分析了自适应光学技术及其关键器件-光学变形镜的技术特点,提出了一种基于光波波面调制技术和光程差(OPD)数据的高速流场光学传输效应模拟方法,并完成了初步验证实验。其中,通过光线追迹法和物理光学方法计算高速流场光学传输效应而获得的体现目标光束波面畸变程度的光程差(OPD)数据,该数据用于光学变形镜的控制驱动。这种模拟方法可用于空间对地观测过程中流场环境造成的透射光斑抖动、偏移等光学波面畸变效应仿真,实现在实验室环境下对光学传感器性能和空间光学探测系统高速流场效应半实物仿真和高速流场扰动校正能力的测试评估。
In the process of high-resolution astronomical observation and space optical mapping,the highspeed turbulence effect leads to reduced resolution of optical imaging sensor.On the base of influence of high-speed turbulence effect for the optical observation system,the development and technical characteristics of adaptive optics technology are investigated and analysed.In this part,the basic principles of wavefront control and measurement using the current production line of adaptive optics are described,including microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) deformable mirror which is one of the most promising technology for wavefront modulation and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors.A new method based on the technology of adaptive optics and the data of optical path difference(OPD) for simulating the effect of optical transmission induced by turbulence is presented.The modeling and characteristics of atmospheric turbulence effect applied for optical imagery detector of astronomical observation and space optical mapping have been obtained.Based on the theory model of high-speed turbulence effects and digital simulation results,a preliminary experiment was done and the results verified the feasibility of the new method.The OPD data corresponding to optical propagation effect through turbulent atmosphere can be achieved by the calculation based on the method of ray-tracing and principle of physical optics.It is a common practice to decompose aberrated wavefronts in series over the Zernike polynomials.These data can be applied to the drive and control of the deformable mirror.This kind of simulation method can be applied to simulate the optical distortions effect,such as the dithering and excursion of light spot,in the space based earth observation with the influence of high-speed turbulent atmosphere.With the help of the adaptive optics technology,the optical sensor and ability of space optical detection system for correcting the target image blurred by turbulence of atmosphere can be tested and evaluated in the laboratory.
In the process of high-resolution astronomical observation and space optical mapping,the highspeed turbulence effect leads to reduced resolution of optical imaging sensor.On the base of influence of high-speed turbulence effect for the optical observation system,the development and technical characteristics of adaptive optics technology are investigated and analysed.In this part,the basic principles of wavefront control and measurement using the current production line of adaptive optics are described,including microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) deformable mirror which is one of the most promising technology for wavefront modulation and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors.A new method based on the technology of adaptive optics and the data of optical path difference(OPD) for simulating the effect of optical transmission induced by turbulence is presented.The modeling and characteristics of atmospheric turbulence effect applied for optical imagery detector of astronomical observation and space optical mapping have been obtained.Based on the theory model of high-speed turbulence effects and digital simulation results,a preliminary experiment was done and the results verified the feasibility of the new method.The OPD data corresponding to optical propagation effect through turbulent atmosphere can be achieved by the calculation based on the method of ray-tracing and principle of physical optics.It is a common practice to decompose aberrated wavefronts in series over the Zernike polynomials.These data can be applied to the drive and control of the deformable mirror.This kind of simulation method can be applied to simulate the optical distortions effect,such as the dithering and excursion of light spot,in the space based earth observation with the influence of high-speed turbulent atmosphere.With the help of the adaptive optics technology,the optical sensor and ability of space optical detection system for correcting the target image blurred by turbulence of atmosphere can be tested and evaluated in the laboratory.
引文
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[2]Green J J,Hunt B R.Improved restoration of space imagery[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.A,1999,16(12):2859-2865.
[3]Tyson R K.Principles of Adaptive Optics[M].3rd ed.,Florida:CRC Press,2011.
[4]Hardy J W,Lefebvre J E,Koliopoulos C L.Realtime atmospheric compensation[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.,1977,67:360-369.
[5]van Iersel M,van Eijk A M J.Estimating turbulence in images[C].Free-Space Laser Communications X,Proc.SPIE,2010,7814:78140Q.
[6]Roddier F,ed.Adaptive Optics in Astronomy[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999.
[7]Hart M.Recent advances in astronomical adaptive optics[J].Appl.Opt.2010,49(16):D17-D29.
[8]Hardy J W.Adaptive Optics for Astronomical Telescopes[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1998.
[9]Niu S S,Shen J X,Liang C,et al.High-resolution retinal imaging with micro adaptive optics system[J].Appl.Opt.,2011,50(22):4365-4375.
[10]Loktev M,Soloviev O,Vdovin G.Adaptive Optics Guide[M].3rd ed.,2008,Flexible Optical BV(OKOr Technologies).
[11]Chen C,Fei J D,Yi S H,et al.Study on the temporal and spatial characteristics of high-speed turbulent flow field and its optical transmission effects[C].Proc.SPIE,2011,8193:819303.
[12]Mi Q,Fei J D,Chen C.A real-time restoring method for infrared images degraded by high speed airflow[C].Proc.SPIE,2011,8193:81934R.