拉沙病毒分子流行病学特征和跨境传播风险
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摘要
拉沙热主要流行于西非,经鼠传播,人群普遍易感,病死率高,暴发疫情频发,跨境传播时有发生。拉沙病毒易于传播,病毒分离、培养需在生物安全四级实验室(BSL-4)。2018年,世界卫生组织将其列为年度重点关注传染病,需加快研制防治关键技术手段。随着中非关系的日益紧密,贸易往来频繁,中国面临拉沙热的威胁显著增加。本文检索20世纪50年代首例拉沙热病例报道以来公开发表的主要文献,归纳拉沙热临床表现、病原学特征、流行病学特征、实验室检测以及跨境传播风险等,并对GenBank发布的全部287条拉沙病毒S基因编码区全长序列进行复核分析,以加强人们对拉沙热的了解,提高防控意识。
Lassa fever is endemic mainly in West Africa, spreads through rodents. Humans in all age groups and both sexes are susceptible, with high mortality and frequent outbreak. Cross border transmission occurs frequently. Lassa virus is highly pathogenic, the isolation and culture need to be performed in biosafety-level 4 facilities.In 2018, WHO listed it as an annual priority infectious disease. There is an urgent need for accelerated research and development of key technologies for prevention and control of the disease. With the increasing relationship between China and Africa and frequent trade contacts, the threat of Lassa fever to China has increased significantly. For strengthening understanding and raising awareness of prevention and control of Lassa fever, this paper retrieved the main references published since the discovery of Lassa fever, and summarizes the clinical manifestations, etiological features, epidemiological characteristics, laboratory tests and cross border transmission of Lassa fever. The complete sequences of 287 Lassa virus S gene published by GenBank were reviewed for confirmation the published data.
Lassa fever is endemic mainly in West Africa, spreads through rodents. Humans in all age groups and both sexes are susceptible, with high mortality and frequent outbreak. Cross border transmission occurs frequently. Lassa virus is highly pathogenic, the isolation and culture need to be performed in biosafety-level 4 facilities.In 2018, WHO listed it as an annual priority infectious disease. There is an urgent need for accelerated research and development of key technologies for prevention and control of the disease. With the increasing relationship between China and Africa and frequent trade contacts, the threat of Lassa fever to China has increased significantly. For strengthening understanding and raising awareness of prevention and control of Lassa fever, this paper retrieved the main references published since the discovery of Lassa fever, and summarizes the clinical manifestations, etiological features, epidemiological characteristics, laboratory tests and cross border transmission of Lassa fever. The complete sequences of 287 Lassa virus S gene published by GenBank were reviewed for confirmation the published data.
引文
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[10] Webb P A, McCormick J B, King I J, Bosman I, Johnson K M, Elliott L H,KombaKono G,O'Sullivan R.Lassa fever in children in Sierra Leone, West Africa[J].Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg,1986, 80(4):577-582.
[11] Solbrig V M,McCormick J B.Lassa fever:central nervous system manifestations[J]. J Trop Geograph Neurol, 1991,1:23-30.
[12] Cummins D,Bennett D, Fisher Hoch S P,Farrar B,Machin S J, McCormick J B.Lassa fever encephalopathy:clinical and laboratory findings[J]. J Trop Med Hyg,1992,95:197-201.
[13] Mccormick J B, Fisher-Hoch S P. Lassa fever[J]. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol,2002,262(1):75-109.
[14] Gunther S,Lenz O. Lassa virus[J]. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci, 2004,41(4):339-390.
[15] Carey D E,Kemp G E,White H A,Pinneo L,Addy R F,Fom A L,Stroh G,Casals J,Henderson B E.Lassa fever. Epidemiological aspects of the 1970 epidemic,Jos, Nigeria[J]. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1972,66:402-408.
[16] Mertens P E, Patton R, Baum J J, Monath T P.Clinical presentation of Lassa fever cases during the hospital epidemic at Zorzor, Liberia, March-April 1972[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg,1973,22:780-784.
[17]Asogun D A,Adomeh D I,Ehimuan J,Odia I,Hass M,Gabriel M,Olschlager S, Becker-Ziaja B,Folarin O,Phelan E,Ehiane P E,Ifeh V E,Uyigue E A,Oladapo Y T,Muoebonam E B, Osunde O, Dongo A,Okokhere P O,Okogbenin S A,Momoh M,Alikah S O,Akhuemokhan O C,Imomeh P,Odike M A,Gire S,Andersen K,Sabeti P C,Happi C T,Akpede G O,Gunther S. Molecular diagnostics for lassa fever at irrua specialist teaching hospital, Nigeria:lessons learnt from two years of laboratory operation[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2012,6(9):e1839.
[18] Johnson K M,McCormick J B,Webb P A,Smith E S,Elliott L H, King I J. Clinical virology of Lassa fever in hospitalized patients[J]. J Infect Dis,1987,155:456-464.
[19] Okokhere P,Colubri A,Azubike C,Clinical and laboratory predictors of Lassa fever outcome in a dedicated treatment facility in Nigeria:a retrospective, observational, cohort study[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2018,18:684-695.
[20] Okokhere P, Asogun D, Okogbenin S A. The effect of malaria on the outcome of Lassa fever[J/OL]. Int J Infeet Dis,2010,14(3):e333.
[21] McCormick J B,King I J,Webb P A,Scribner C L,Craven R B,Johnson K M,Elliott L H,Belmont-Williams R.Lassa fever. Effective therapy with ribavirin[J].N Engl J Med, 1986, 314:20-26.
[22] Mire C E,Cross R W,Geisbert J B,Borisevich V,Agans K N, Deer D J, Heinrich M L, Rowland M M,Goba A,Momoh M,Boisen M L,Grant D S,Fullah M,Khan S H,Fenton K A, Robinson J E, Branco L M, Garry R F, Geisbert T W.Human-monoclonal-antibody therapy protects nonhuman primates against advanced Lassa fever[J]. Nat Med,2017,23:1146-1149.
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