加热温度对钠钾合金热管启动和传热性能影响
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摘要
实验研究加热温度分别为300、500、550、600及650℃时,钠钾合金热管(NaK-55)的启动特性和传热性能。实验采用循环冷却水冷却热管冷凝段,并通过冷却水进出口温度计算钠钾合金热管的传热量和传热系数。实验结果表明:在300～550℃的加热温度范围内热管无法完全启动,此时热管的传热量和传热系数很低;在600和650℃的加热温度下热管完全启动并且达到传热平衡,热管传热量和传热系数大幅提高。
The performances of the start-up and heat transfer of the heat pipe charged with Na-K(55% wt K)were studied under the heating temperatures of 300,400,500,550,600,and 650 ℃. The condenser section of the heat pipe was cooled by the cooling water. The outside wall temperatures of the heat pipe were measured. The temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the cooling water were measured to estimate the heat transfer quantity and heat transfer coefficient of the Na-K heat pipe. Results showed that the condenser section of the Na-K heat pipe cannot start up completely at the heating temperature of 300-550 ℃. The heat transfer quantity and heat transfer coefficient of the Na-K heat pipe were very low. When the heating temperature were set as 600 and 650 ℃,the condenser section of the heat pipe starts up completely,and the heat pipe achieves in an equilibrium of the heat transfer. Consequently,the heat transfer quantity and heat transfer coefficient of the Na-K heat pipe increase significantly.
The performances of the start-up and heat transfer of the heat pipe charged with Na-K(55% wt K)were studied under the heating temperatures of 300,400,500,550,600,and 650 ℃. The condenser section of the heat pipe was cooled by the cooling water. The outside wall temperatures of the heat pipe were measured. The temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the cooling water were measured to estimate the heat transfer quantity and heat transfer coefficient of the Na-K heat pipe. Results showed that the condenser section of the Na-K heat pipe cannot start up completely at the heating temperature of 300-550 ℃. The heat transfer quantity and heat transfer coefficient of the Na-K heat pipe were very low. When the heating temperature were set as 600 and 650 ℃,the condenser section of the heat pipe starts up completely,and the heat pipe achieves in an equilibrium of the heat transfer. Consequently,the heat transfer quantity and heat transfer coefficient of the Na-K heat pipe increase significantly.
引文
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[22]赵蔚琳,庄俊,张红.钠热管的性能试验研究[J].化工装备技术,2004,25(1):25—27.[22] Zhao Weilin,Zhuang Jun,Zhang Hong. Experimentalstudy on the performance of sodium heat pipe[J].ChemicalEquipmentTechnology,2004,25(1):25—27.
[2] Chi S W. Heat pipe theory and practice[M]. New York:McGrow Hill Co,1976,2—20.
[3] Gaugler R S. Heat transfer device[P]. US:2350348 A.1944-06-06.
[4]冯踏青.液态金属高温热管的理论和实验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,1988.[4] Feng Taqing. Theoretical and experimental research onliquid metal high temperature heat pipe[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,1988.
[5] Conway E C,Keliey M J. A continuous heat pipe forspacecraft thermal control, Aviation and Space,progress and prospects-Ann[A]. Aviation and SpaceConference[C],United States,1968:655—658.
[6] Calin T, Anderson W G, Kara W. NaK variableconductance heat pipe for radioisotope Stirling systems[A]. 6th International Energy Conversion EngineeringConference[C],Cleveland,2008,679—688.
[7] Schwendeman C L,Tarau C,Schifer N A,et al.Optimized heat pipe backup cooling system tested with aStirling convertor[A]. Nuclear and EmergingTecnologies for Space(NETS 2016)[C],Huntsville,2016.
[8] Coventry J,Andraka C,Pye J. A review of sodiumreceiver technologies for central receiver solar powerplants[J]. Solar Energy,2015,122:749—762.
[9]许辉,张红,白穜,等.高温热管太阳能接收器的开发及传热特性分析[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(12):1585—1590.[9] Xu Hui,Zhang Hong,Bai Tong,et al. Developmentand heat transfer analysis of high temperature heat pipesolar receiver[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(12):1585—1590.
[10] Wang Chenglong,Zhang Dalin,Qiu Suizheng,et al.Study on the characteristics of the sodium heat pipe inpassive residual heat removal system of molten saltreactor[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design,2013,265:691—700.
[11] Khalifa A,Tan L,Date A,et al. A numerical andexperimental study of solidification around axially finnedheat pipes for high temperature latent heat thermalenergy storage units[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,70(3):609—619.
[12]曲伟,王焕光,段彦军.高温热管及超高温热管的启动特性和传热极限[J].工程热物理学报,2011,32(8):1345—1348.[12] Qu Wei, Wang Huanguang, Duan Yanjun. Startupcharacteristics and heat transfer limits of high and superhigh temperature heat pipes[J]. Journal of EngineeringThermophysics,2011,32(8):1345—1348.
[13]李桂云,屠进.高温热管工质的选择[J].节能技术,2001,19(1):42—44.[13] Li Guiyun,Tu Jin. Working fluid choicing for hightemperature heat pipe[J]. Energy ConversvationTechnology,2001,19(1):42—44.
[14]捷曼尔M G,胡亚才,冯踏青,等.钠钾合金高温热管性能试验研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,1999,33(4):414—417.[14] Gamal M G,Hu Yacai,Feng Taqing,et al. Analysis onthe properties of NaK alloy high temperature heat pipeand its experimental study[J]. Journal of ZhejiangUniversity:Engineering Science,1999,33(4):414—417.
[15] Anderson W G. Sodium-Potassium(NaK)heat pipe[J].Heat Pipes and Capillary Pumped Loops,1993,236:47—53.
[16] Abou S A,Arbeiter F,Baumgaertner S,et al. Chemicalcompatibility of Eurofer steel with sodium-potassiumNaK-78 eutectic alloy[J]. Fusion Engineering andDesign,2016,103(7):31—37.
[17] Yamawaki S,Yoshida T,Taki M,et al. Fundamentalheat transfer experiments of heat pipes for turbine cooling[J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1997,120(3):580—587.
[18] Wang Chenglong,Guo Zhangpeng,Zhang Dalin,et al.Transient behavior of the sodium-potassium alloy heatpipe in passive residual heat removal system of moltensalt reactor[J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy,2013,68:142—152.
[19]郭青.钠钾合金高温热管启动性能实验研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2013.[19] Guo Qing. Experimental study of start-up performanceon the Na-K alloy high temperature heat pipe[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2013.
[20]郭青,郭航,闫小克,等.钠钾合金热管启动性能实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(12):2508—2512.[20] Guo Qing,Guo Hang,Yan Xiaoke,et al. Experimentalstudy of start-up performance of sodium-potassium heatpipe[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(12):2508—2512.
[21]贾先剑,郭航,郭青,等.不同加热温度下钠钾合金热管传热性能[J].应用能源技术,2016,(3):7—11.[21] Jia Xianjian,Guo Hang,Guo Qing,et al. Heat transferperformance of the sodium-potassium alloy heat pipeunder different heating temperatures[J]. Applied EnergyTechnology,2016,(3):7—11.
[22]赵蔚琳,庄俊,张红.钠热管的性能试验研究[J].化工装备技术,2004,25(1):25—27.[22] Zhao Weilin,Zhuang Jun,Zhang Hong. Experimentalstudy on the performance of sodium heat pipe[J].ChemicalEquipmentTechnology,2004,25(1):25—27.