渭北典型大骨节病区居民膳食硒营养调查评价
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摘要
为了解陕西省渭北黄土高原大骨节病区停止硒盐防治措施6年后居民硒营养水平,明确病区居民膳食硒摄入量是否达到人体需要量,比较现阶段大骨节病区与非病区人群膳食硒摄入量差异,为陕西省渭北大骨节病区居民保障其硒营养摄入状况和预防控制大骨节病提供参考依据,本研究采用分层整群随机抽样法,在渭北选择2个大骨节病典型县区(永寿县、麟游县),以位于陕西关中地区的非病区杨凌区作为对照,共9个自然村,270户常住居民作为调查对象。采用食物频率调查问卷收集成年居民的基本信息及过去1年食物摄入情况,食物硒含量采用文献检索数据,计算问卷区域居民每日硒摄入量。结果表明:非病区杨凌居民每日硒摄入量明显高于病区永寿县、麟游县,其值分别为61.8、25.0、35.0μg。日摄入硒较低的病区居民人均收入较杨凌低,膳食结构仍然以粮谷类食物为主,每日小麦(面粉)的摄入量较大,分别占所有食物的46%和37%,杨凌区为24%;但因3个县区土壤均低硒,小麦籽粒中硒含量极低,其对杨凌、永寿、麟游居民硒摄入量贡献值仅为7%、13%和12%。渭北大骨节病区居民膳食结构仍以粮谷类食物为主,非病区杨凌区居民膳食多样性优于病区,主食小麦的摄入量显著低于病区居民,动物性食物中鱼虾类、蛋类、乳类的摄入量是病区居民的1.62～5.4倍。杨凌区、永寿县、麟游县居民膳食硒摄入量虽高于人体最低膳食硒需要量,但病区居民膳食硒摄入量远未达到人体膳食硒适宜需要量,此差异与病区土壤和农产品低硒、膳食结构、居民经济收入关系密切。亟需强硒营养宣传、利用经济有效的农艺措施提高小麦硒含量、增加经济收入、完善膳食结构以提高该区域居民硒摄入量。
We quantified the daily selenium intake(DSI)through food for residents in Weibei Highland, a Kaschin-Beck disease-endemic area. Six years after the special supply of selenium salts to the residents was stopped, a specifically designed questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on their daily food intake. A total of 270 adult permanent residents were surveyed from nine natural villages,distributed in three counties, using the randomized stratified clustered sampling method. The Yongshou and the Linyou counties were the areas most affected by the Kaschin-Beck disease in China, back in the 1970s—1980s. The Yangling District, a non-disease area in the Guanzhong Region of the Shaanxi Province, was chosen as control. Questions about food intake frequency and amount were used in the survey to calculate food diversity and daily food intake in 2016—2017. The selenium content of different foods, obtained from the scientific literature, was considered, to calculate the daily selenium intake of residents in each county. The daily selenium intake of the Yangling District residents(61.8 μg)was significantly higher than that of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents(25.0 μg and 35.0 μg, respectively). The dietary food of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents consisted mainly of cereals. The daily intake of wheat(flour)corresponded to 46 % and 37 % of all food intake for the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents, respectively; these percentages were relatively higher than those for the Yangling District residents(24%). However, due to the low selenium content of wheat grains(produced in low-selenium soils in all three counties), cereals constituted only minor percentages of the total daily selenium in take:7%, 13%, and 12% for the Yangling District, Yongshou County, and Linyou County residents, respectively. The main food of residents inthe Kaschin-Beck disease-endemic area(Yongshou and Linyou counties)was represented by cereals. While the Yangling District residents' food was more diverse, their daily intake of cereals was much lower than that of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents.On the other hand, their daily intake of seafood, eggs, and dairy products was 1.62～5.4 times higher than that of the residents from those two counties. Although the DSIs of the Yangling District, Yongshou County, and Linyou County residents were higher than the minimum dietary selenium requirement, the DSIs of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents were far below the recommended DSI for Chinese residents. The differences in DSI and food diversity among the analyzed areas were closely related to the average income of the resi-dents. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the wheat selenium content using inexpensive methods(e.g., agronomic biofortification)to increase the daily selenium intake of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents. Additionally, the income of these residents should be increased, in order to improve their dietary diversity and DSIs.
We quantified the daily selenium intake(DSI)through food for residents in Weibei Highland, a Kaschin-Beck disease-endemic area. Six years after the special supply of selenium salts to the residents was stopped, a specifically designed questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on their daily food intake. A total of 270 adult permanent residents were surveyed from nine natural villages,distributed in three counties, using the randomized stratified clustered sampling method. The Yongshou and the Linyou counties were the areas most affected by the Kaschin-Beck disease in China, back in the 1970s—1980s. The Yangling District, a non-disease area in the Guanzhong Region of the Shaanxi Province, was chosen as control. Questions about food intake frequency and amount were used in the survey to calculate food diversity and daily food intake in 2016—2017. The selenium content of different foods, obtained from the scientific literature, was considered, to calculate the daily selenium intake of residents in each county. The daily selenium intake of the Yangling District residents(61.8 μg)was significantly higher than that of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents(25.0 μg and 35.0 μg, respectively). The dietary food of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents consisted mainly of cereals. The daily intake of wheat(flour)corresponded to 46 % and 37 % of all food intake for the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents, respectively; these percentages were relatively higher than those for the Yangling District residents(24%). However, due to the low selenium content of wheat grains(produced in low-selenium soils in all three counties), cereals constituted only minor percentages of the total daily selenium in take:7%, 13%, and 12% for the Yangling District, Yongshou County, and Linyou County residents, respectively. The main food of residents inthe Kaschin-Beck disease-endemic area(Yongshou and Linyou counties)was represented by cereals. While the Yangling District residents' food was more diverse, their daily intake of cereals was much lower than that of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents.On the other hand, their daily intake of seafood, eggs, and dairy products was 1.62～5.4 times higher than that of the residents from those two counties. Although the DSIs of the Yangling District, Yongshou County, and Linyou County residents were higher than the minimum dietary selenium requirement, the DSIs of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents were far below the recommended DSI for Chinese residents. The differences in DSI and food diversity among the analyzed areas were closely related to the average income of the resi-dents. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the wheat selenium content using inexpensive methods(e.g., agronomic biofortification)to increase the daily selenium intake of the Yongshou County and Linyou County residents. Additionally, the income of these residents should be increased, in order to improve their dietary diversity and DSIs.
引文
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