重庆特有极小种群植物缙云秋海棠生态位特征研究
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摘要
该研究通过对重庆缙云山国家级自然保护区的缙云秋海棠(Begonia jinyunensis)及其伴生物种所在群落进行实地调查,并以样地作为一维资源轴,物种重要值作为生态位计测状态指标,采用Levins、Hurlbert、Pianka公式对缙云秋海棠种群的生态位特征进行分析,以阐明该群落物种间对资源的利用和竞争关系,为缙云秋海棠的保护提供依据。结果表明:(1)在群落中缙云秋海棠的Levins和Hurlbert生态位宽度均最大,分别为6.742 40和0.717 80,表明缙云秋海棠对环境资源的利用能力强,生态适应幅度也较大。(2)研究区内缙云秋海棠的伴生物种中生态位宽度(Ba)大于0.3的3种植物为石生楼梯草(Elatostema rupestre)、斜方复叶耳蕨(Arachniodes rhomboidea)、对马耳蕨(Polystichum tsus-simense),其Ba值分别为0.460 00、0.417 04、0.301 60,表明缙云秋海棠的3个主要伴生种在群落中具有较强的竞争力。(3)20个伴生物种中与缙云秋海棠生态位重叠值最高的是石生楼梯草(0.671 4),说明缙云秋海棠与石生楼梯具有相似的环境要求,资源不足时,两者可能存在比较激烈的竞争,其中有12个伴生物种(60%)与缙云秋海棠的生态位重叠值小于0.5,群落中大多数物种与缙云秋海棠的生态位重叠值均较低,说明物种之间对资源的需求不同,环境适应能力相似度低,群落中的种间竞争不激烈。研究认为,缙云秋海棠生态位宽度大,生境适宜生存,种间竞争不激烈,即目前生态位因素不是造成其处于濒危状态的主要原因;导致缙云秋海棠数量少,呈现岛屿状分布的主要原因可能是其生境遭到人为破坏。
The study investigated the community of Begonia jinyunensis and its associated species in Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve.With the sample plot as one-dimension resource states and with the importance values as the resource state descriptor of the niche,the niche characteristics of B.jinyunensis populations based on the formulae by Levins and Hurlbert for niche breadth and Pianka's niche overlap were measured,which clarified the relationship between the use of resources and competition among the species of the community,providing a basis for the protection of B.jinyunensis.The results showed that:(1)the niche breadths of Levins and Hurlbert for B.jinyunensis in the community were the highest,6.744 40 and 0.717 80 respectively,indicating that its ability of using environmental resources was strong and the ecological adaptation range was also large.(2)The niche breadths(Ba)over 0.3 for its associated species were Elatostema rupestre,Arachniodes rhomboidea and Polystichum tsus-simense,0.460 00,0.417 04 and 0.301 60 respectively,indicating that the three major associated species of B.jinyunensis had stronger competitiveness in the community.(3)Among 20 species,the highest niche overlap with B.jinyunensis was E.rupestre,0.671 4,showing they both had similar environmental requirements.When resources were insufficient,there may be fierce competition between them.And 12 species overlapped less than 0.5,occupying 60%.The niche overlaps of most species with B.jinyunensis were low,which showed the demand of resources varied and the similarity of environmental adaptability was low among species,indicating the interspecific competition in the community was not intense.According to the research,the niche breadth of B.jinyunensis was large,the habitat was suitable for its survival and the competition among species was not intense.The niche factor currently was not the main reason causing it to be endangered.The main reason for the small population of B.jinyunensis and the island-like distribution may be its vandalized habitat.
The study investigated the community of Begonia jinyunensis and its associated species in Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve.With the sample plot as one-dimension resource states and with the importance values as the resource state descriptor of the niche,the niche characteristics of B.jinyunensis populations based on the formulae by Levins and Hurlbert for niche breadth and Pianka's niche overlap were measured,which clarified the relationship between the use of resources and competition among the species of the community,providing a basis for the protection of B.jinyunensis.The results showed that:(1)the niche breadths of Levins and Hurlbert for B.jinyunensis in the community were the highest,6.744 40 and 0.717 80 respectively,indicating that its ability of using environmental resources was strong and the ecological adaptation range was also large.(2)The niche breadths(Ba)over 0.3 for its associated species were Elatostema rupestre,Arachniodes rhomboidea and Polystichum tsus-simense,0.460 00,0.417 04 and 0.301 60 respectively,indicating that the three major associated species of B.jinyunensis had stronger competitiveness in the community.(3)Among 20 species,the highest niche overlap with B.jinyunensis was E.rupestre,0.671 4,showing they both had similar environmental requirements.When resources were insufficient,there may be fierce competition between them.And 12 species overlapped less than 0.5,occupying 60%.The niche overlaps of most species with B.jinyunensis were low,which showed the demand of resources varied and the similarity of environmental adaptability was low among species,indicating the interspecific competition in the community was not intense.According to the research,the niche breadth of B.jinyunensis was large,the habitat was suitable for its survival and the competition among species was not intense.The niche factor currently was not the main reason causing it to be endangered.The main reason for the small population of B.jinyunensis and the island-like distribution may be its vandalized habitat.
引文
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[18]陈俊华,刘兴良,何飞,等.卧龙巴朗山川滇高山栎灌丛主要木本植物种群生态位特征[J].林业科学,2010,46(3):23-28.CHEN J H,LIU X L,HE F,et al.Niche characteristics of dominant woody populations in Quercus aquifoliode shrub community in Balangshan Mountain in Wolong Nature Reserve[J].Scientia Silvea Sinicae,2010,46(3):23-28.
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