极小种群观赏花卉馨香玉兰的种群研究
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摘要
馨香玉兰仅产于云南文山州,是云南特有的极小种群物种。为了了解馨香玉兰的种质资源现状、生境、伴生物种、种群存活数和年龄分级,采用样地调查法,对有分布记载的文山州广南县、马关县、麻栗坡县及西畴县进行野外调查。调查结果表明,馨香玉兰主要分布于文山州石灰岩山地,现存种群数量急剧下降,目前仅发现5个现存种群,其中麻栗坡县大坪镇小箐山的种群最大,西畴县兴街乡伯栗山的种群最小。虽然馨香玉兰的年龄分级较稳定,但馨香玉兰的结实率十分低,依靠种子繁殖进行自我更新相当困难。馨香玉兰是喜阳树种,在各群落中均处于大乔木下层,光照不足,中下层物种密度较大,馨香玉兰生存空间有限,易受到其他树种的排挤而渐遭淘汰,在各群落中的生存前景不容乐观。
Magnolia odoratissima Law et R. Z. Zhou is an endemic species in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province,and also a wild plant species with extremely small population(PSESP). In order to study its resources status,habitat condition,companion species,population survival and age grade,a field survey by sampling approach was conducted in the distribution area of Wenshan Prefecture(Guangnan,Maguan,Malipo and Xichou County). The results showed that M. odoratissima was mainly distributed in mountainous areas with limestone,and its population scale decreased rapidly. Only 5 populations were found during the survey,and the largest population in Daping Town of Malipo County,while the smallest in Xingjie Town of Xichou County. Even though the age grade of M. odoratissima is relatively stable,its seed setting rate is very low,and it is difficult to self-regenerate by seed reproduction. M. odoratissima is a heliophilous plant species,nevertheless,it is usually under tree layer, and could not get enough sunshine. In addition with limited survival space because of high species density in the middle and lower storey,the population prospect of M. odoratissima is not optimistic.
Magnolia odoratissima Law et R. Z. Zhou is an endemic species in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province,and also a wild plant species with extremely small population(PSESP). In order to study its resources status,habitat condition,companion species,population survival and age grade,a field survey by sampling approach was conducted in the distribution area of Wenshan Prefecture(Guangnan,Maguan,Malipo and Xichou County). The results showed that M. odoratissima was mainly distributed in mountainous areas with limestone,and its population scale decreased rapidly. Only 5 populations were found during the survey,and the largest population in Daping Town of Malipo County,while the smallest in Xingjie Town of Xichou County. Even though the age grade of M. odoratissima is relatively stable,its seed setting rate is very low,and it is difficult to self-regenerate by seed reproduction. M. odoratissima is a heliophilous plant species,nevertheless,it is usually under tree layer, and could not get enough sunshine. In addition with limited survival space because of high species density in the middle and lower storey,the population prospect of M. odoratissima is not optimistic.
引文
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[16]邵金平,李贵祥,柴勇,等.馨香玉兰及其伴生树种的生态位研究[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(1):64-68.
[2]李博,董慧琴,陆建忠.简明植物种群生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[3]祝廷成,钟章成,李建东.植物生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[4]郭辉军.认真实施极小种群物种保护[J].云南林业,2009(5):7.
[5]郭辉军.努力提高极小种群特种拯救保护水平[J].云南林业,2011(6):8-9.
[6]赵晓东,贺佳飞,杨华.云南省野生植物培育利用产业方兴未艾[J].云南林业,2015(1):31-32.
[7]李玉媛.云南省国家重点保护野生植物[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2004.
[8]柴勇,祁荣频,孟广涛,等.云南特有种馨香木兰种群格局的分形特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(5):25-28.
[9]董莉,柳小强,余德恒,等.云南省极危种馨香木兰的群落特征初步研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(22):12068-12069,12297.
[10]祁荣频,柴勇,武力,等.馨香木兰集中分布地生境的土壤理化性状研究[J].西部林业科学,2010,39(4):95-98.
[11]金蕊,石雨鑫,徐涛,等.云南特有濒危植物馨香木兰的遗传多样性研究[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(6):80-84.
[12]杨耀海.馨香木兰扦插繁殖试验[J].林业科技开发,2009,23(2):103-105.
[13]杨祖顺.馨香木兰育苗技术[J].林业科技开发,2008,22(4):109-111.
[14]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M],北京:科学出版社,1986.
[15]柴勇,孟广涛,武力,等.馨香玉兰所在群落主要树种的种间联结性[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):31-35.
[16]邵金平,李贵祥,柴勇,等.馨香玉兰及其伴生树种的生态位研究[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(1):64-68.