棕榈藤天然更新影响因子及人工促进更新研究综述
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摘要
棕榈藤种类丰富,全球有13属约600多种,是热带森林重要的伴生物种。长期以来,由于热带森林被大量砍伐,野生棕榈藤生境遭到破坏,棕榈藤种群急剧减少,天然更新不良。人工培育的藤茎有限,藤材利用仍以原藤为主。人工促进天然更新是高效培育棕榈藤和保护野生资源的重要途径。文章分析了棕榈藤天然更新的影响因素,总结了人工促进棕榈藤更新方面所取得的研究成果,提出今后研究和发展的重点内容和方向。
Rattan is an important associated species in tropical forests,with 13 genera and 600 species distributed in the world.For a long time,the fast deforestation of tropical forests has led to the destruction of wild rattan habitats,the sharp decline of rattan population and the poor nature regeneration.The artificial promoting cultivation is an important way to make efficient cultivation and preserve wild rattan resources.This paper analyzed the influencing factors to the natural regeneration of rattan,summarized the research results of artificial promoting cultivation,and put forward the future research direction and development idea.
Rattan is an important associated species in tropical forests,with 13 genera and 600 species distributed in the world.For a long time,the fast deforestation of tropical forests has led to the destruction of wild rattan habitats,the sharp decline of rattan population and the poor nature regeneration.The artificial promoting cultivation is an important way to make efficient cultivation and preserve wild rattan resources.This paper analyzed the influencing factors to the natural regeneration of rattan,summarized the research results of artificial promoting cultivation,and put forward the future research direction and development idea.
引文
[1]江泽慧.世界竹藤[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
[2]陈本学,李雁冰,刘广路,等.棕榈藤生态学研究现状及展望[J].世界竹藤通讯,2018,16(3):46-50.
[3]Manohara T N.Nutritional evaluation of shoots of two rattans of Northeast India:Calamus flagellum Griff.ex Mart.and C.floribundus Griff.(Arecaceae)[J].Economic Botany,2013,67(3):263-268.
[4]陈三阳,裴盛基,许建初.西双版纳励宋哈尼族传统管理与利用棕搁藤类资源的研究[J].云南植物研究,1993,15(3):285-290.
[5]Li R S,Xu H C,Yang J C,et al.A review of relationship between rattan and water[J].中国林学(英文版),2002,4(1):65-68.
[6]星耀武,王慷林,杨宇明.中国省藤属(棕榈科)区系地理研究[J].云南植物研究,2006,28(5):461-467.
[7]陈嵘.中国树木分类学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1957:95-97.
[8]卫兆芬.中国省藤属的研究[J].广西植物,1986,1(6):17-40.
[9]裴盛基,陈三阳.中国植物志第13卷第1分册[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[10]李荣生.中国棕榈藤植物名录[J].世界竹藤通讯,2004,2(4):8-10.
[11]王慷林.中国棕榈藤资源及其分布特征研究[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(3):320-325.
[12]李小双,彭明春,党承林.植物自然更新研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2081-2088.
[13]彭闪江,黄忠良,彭少麟,等.植物天然更新过程中种子和幼苗死亡的影响因素[J].广西植物,2004,24(2):113-121.
[14]韩有志,王政权.森林更新与空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):615-619.
[15]Addo-Fordjour P,Rahmad Z B,Shahrul A M S.Effects of human disturbance on liana community diversity and structure in a tropical rainforest,Malaysia:implication for conservation[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,5(4):391-399.
[16]Addo-Fordjour P,Rahmad Z B,Shahrul A M S.Environmental factors influencing liana community diversity,structure and habitat associations in a tropical hill forest,Malaysia[J].Plant Ecology&Diversity,2013,7(4):485-496.
[17]Addo-Fordjour P,Rahmad Z B.Environmental factors associated with liana community assemblages in a tropical forest reserve,Ghana[J].Journal of Tropical Ecology,2014,31(1):69-79.
[18]Cierjacks A,Ru hr N K,Wesche K,Hensen I.Effects of altitude and livestock on the regeneration of two tree line forming Polylepis species in Ecuador[J].Plant Ecology,2008,194(2):207-221.
[19]Mühlenberg M,Appelfelder J,Hoffmann H,et,al.Structure of the montane taiga forests of West Khentii,Northern Mongolia[J].Journal of Forest Science,2012,58(2):45-56.
[20]罗梅,郑小贤.北京十三陵林场人工侧柏林天然更新研宄[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(12):73-78.
[21]彭超,范少辉,刘广路,等.海南岛低地次生雨林棕榈藤分布及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2725-2733.
[22]Siebert S F.The abundance and distribution of rattan over an elevation gradient in Sulawesi,Indonesia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,210(1/2/3):143-158.
[23]Stiegel S,Kessler M,Getto D,et al.Elevational patterns of species richness and density of rattan palms(Arecaceae:Calamoideae)in Central Sulawesi,Indonesia[J].Biodiversity&Conservation,2011,20(9):1987-2005.
[24]李意德.海南岛尖峰岭棕榈科藤类植物群落分析[J].热带林业科技,1987(5):39-46.
[25]康冰,刘世荣,王得祥,等.秦岭山地典型次生林木本植物幼苗更新特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3123-3130.
[26]Hisham H N,Hale M,Norasikin A L.Equilibrium moisture content and moisture exclusion efficiency of acetylated rattan(Calamus manan)[J].Journal of Tropical Forest Science,2014,26(1):32-40.
[27]彭超.海南岛甘什岭低地次生雨林棕榈藤环境适生性研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[28]Wei H,Cheng S P,He F,et al.Growth responses and adaptations of the emergent macrophyte Acorus calamus Linn.to different water-level fluctuations[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology.2014,29(1):101-116.
[29]李荣生.华南地区3个棕榈藤种水分利用效率和抗旱能力的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2003.
[30]尹光天,许煌灿,张伟良,等.棕榈藤物种的收集和引种驯化的研究[J].林业科学研究,1993,6(6):609-617.
[31]寇亮,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.不同滴灌处理对黄藤人工林生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2002,32(4):100-104.
[32]王彬.子午岭油松林林隙更新特征研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.
[33]殷谷丽,唐建维,杨成源,等.四种省藤属植物的光合特征与叶片性状及生长的相关性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(6):104-112.
[34]Vidyasagaran K,Jisha E D,Kumar V.Germination and emergence of four rattan Calamus species of Western ghats in response to different pre-sowing seed treatments[J].Journal of Applied and Natural Science,2016,8(2):760-768.
[35]Bgh A.Abundance and growth of rattans in Khao Chong National Park,Thailand[J].Forest Ecology and Management.1996,84(1):71-80.
[36]许煌灿,符史深.白藤的特性及栽培技术研究初报[J].热带林业,1981(1):9-27.
[37]官凤英,范少辉,刘亚迪,等.高地省藤幼苗光合作用日变化特征[J].浙江林业科技,2010,30(5):33-37.
[38]董诗凡,卢靖,彭院文.遮阳和施肥对小省藤苗期生长的影响[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(5):90-95.
[39]郑蔚智,陈修仁,冯家平,等.海南优良棕榈藤培育与示范研究报告[J].热带林业,2006,34(2):49-51.
[40]Thonhofer J,Getto D,Straaten O V,et al.Influence of spatial and environmental variables on rattan palm(Arecaceae)assemblage composition in Central Sulawesi,Indonesia[J].Plant Ecology,2015,216(1):55-66.
[41]彭超,王慷林,李莲芳,等.施肥对省藤移植苗木生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(1):58-62.
[42]杨锦昌,许煌灿,尹光天,等.世界棕榈藤造林和经营综述[J].世界林业研究,2003,16(4):27-33.
[43]Zhu J J,Lu D L,Zhang W D.Effects of gaps on regeneration of woody plants:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(3):501-510.
[44]Gallegos S C,Beck S G,Hensen I,et al.Factors limiting montane forest regeneration in bracken-dominated habitats in the tropics[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2016(381):168-176.
[45]吴承祯,洪伟,姜志林,等.我国森林凋落物研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22(3):405-410.
[46]王贺新,李根柱,于冬梅,等.枯枝落叶层对森林天然更新的障碍[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(1):83-88.
[47]黄忠良.影响季风常绿阔叶林幼苗定居的主要因素[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2001,9(2):123-128.
[48]尹光天,许煌灿,周再知,等.不同类型林藤混交林地上生物产量及营养元素的积累与分布研究[J].1993,6(4):358-367.
[49]杨锦昌,许煌灿,尹光天,等.黄藤人工林密度效应[J].林业科学,2006,42(4):57-61.
[50]杨锦昌.单叶省藤和黄藤人工林的系统经营技术[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.
[51]周再知,许煌灿,尹光天.藤类人工林经济效益评价[J].林业科学研究,1992,5(1):47-55.
[52]Peters C M,Thammavong B,Mekaloun B,et al.Growth of wild rattans in Cambodia and Laos:implications for management[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2013,306(6):23-30.
[53]尹光天,许煌灿,张伟良.光照与藤苗生长的初步研究[J].林业科学研究,1988,1(5):548-552.
[54]李发根,杨华,尹光天.棕榈藤基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应条件探索[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(6):824-828.
[55]安琪,张国学,何承忠,等.省藤属11种棕榈藤亲缘关系的AFLP分析[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(6):1117-1122.
[2]陈本学,李雁冰,刘广路,等.棕榈藤生态学研究现状及展望[J].世界竹藤通讯,2018,16(3):46-50.
[3]Manohara T N.Nutritional evaluation of shoots of two rattans of Northeast India:Calamus flagellum Griff.ex Mart.and C.floribundus Griff.(Arecaceae)[J].Economic Botany,2013,67(3):263-268.
[4]陈三阳,裴盛基,许建初.西双版纳励宋哈尼族传统管理与利用棕搁藤类资源的研究[J].云南植物研究,1993,15(3):285-290.
[5]Li R S,Xu H C,Yang J C,et al.A review of relationship between rattan and water[J].中国林学(英文版),2002,4(1):65-68.
[6]星耀武,王慷林,杨宇明.中国省藤属(棕榈科)区系地理研究[J].云南植物研究,2006,28(5):461-467.
[7]陈嵘.中国树木分类学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1957:95-97.
[8]卫兆芬.中国省藤属的研究[J].广西植物,1986,1(6):17-40.
[9]裴盛基,陈三阳.中国植物志第13卷第1分册[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[10]李荣生.中国棕榈藤植物名录[J].世界竹藤通讯,2004,2(4):8-10.
[11]王慷林.中国棕榈藤资源及其分布特征研究[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(3):320-325.
[12]李小双,彭明春,党承林.植物自然更新研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2081-2088.
[13]彭闪江,黄忠良,彭少麟,等.植物天然更新过程中种子和幼苗死亡的影响因素[J].广西植物,2004,24(2):113-121.
[14]韩有志,王政权.森林更新与空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):615-619.
[15]Addo-Fordjour P,Rahmad Z B,Shahrul A M S.Effects of human disturbance on liana community diversity and structure in a tropical rainforest,Malaysia:implication for conservation[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,5(4):391-399.
[16]Addo-Fordjour P,Rahmad Z B,Shahrul A M S.Environmental factors influencing liana community diversity,structure and habitat associations in a tropical hill forest,Malaysia[J].Plant Ecology&Diversity,2013,7(4):485-496.
[17]Addo-Fordjour P,Rahmad Z B.Environmental factors associated with liana community assemblages in a tropical forest reserve,Ghana[J].Journal of Tropical Ecology,2014,31(1):69-79.
[18]Cierjacks A,Ru hr N K,Wesche K,Hensen I.Effects of altitude and livestock on the regeneration of two tree line forming Polylepis species in Ecuador[J].Plant Ecology,2008,194(2):207-221.
[19]Mühlenberg M,Appelfelder J,Hoffmann H,et,al.Structure of the montane taiga forests of West Khentii,Northern Mongolia[J].Journal of Forest Science,2012,58(2):45-56.
[20]罗梅,郑小贤.北京十三陵林场人工侧柏林天然更新研宄[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(12):73-78.
[21]彭超,范少辉,刘广路,等.海南岛低地次生雨林棕榈藤分布及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2725-2733.
[22]Siebert S F.The abundance and distribution of rattan over an elevation gradient in Sulawesi,Indonesia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,210(1/2/3):143-158.
[23]Stiegel S,Kessler M,Getto D,et al.Elevational patterns of species richness and density of rattan palms(Arecaceae:Calamoideae)in Central Sulawesi,Indonesia[J].Biodiversity&Conservation,2011,20(9):1987-2005.
[24]李意德.海南岛尖峰岭棕榈科藤类植物群落分析[J].热带林业科技,1987(5):39-46.
[25]康冰,刘世荣,王得祥,等.秦岭山地典型次生林木本植物幼苗更新特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3123-3130.
[26]Hisham H N,Hale M,Norasikin A L.Equilibrium moisture content and moisture exclusion efficiency of acetylated rattan(Calamus manan)[J].Journal of Tropical Forest Science,2014,26(1):32-40.
[27]彭超.海南岛甘什岭低地次生雨林棕榈藤环境适生性研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[28]Wei H,Cheng S P,He F,et al.Growth responses and adaptations of the emergent macrophyte Acorus calamus Linn.to different water-level fluctuations[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology.2014,29(1):101-116.
[29]李荣生.华南地区3个棕榈藤种水分利用效率和抗旱能力的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2003.
[30]尹光天,许煌灿,张伟良,等.棕榈藤物种的收集和引种驯化的研究[J].林业科学研究,1993,6(6):609-617.
[31]寇亮,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.不同滴灌处理对黄藤人工林生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2002,32(4):100-104.
[32]王彬.子午岭油松林林隙更新特征研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.
[33]殷谷丽,唐建维,杨成源,等.四种省藤属植物的光合特征与叶片性状及生长的相关性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(6):104-112.
[34]Vidyasagaran K,Jisha E D,Kumar V.Germination and emergence of four rattan Calamus species of Western ghats in response to different pre-sowing seed treatments[J].Journal of Applied and Natural Science,2016,8(2):760-768.
[35]Bgh A.Abundance and growth of rattans in Khao Chong National Park,Thailand[J].Forest Ecology and Management.1996,84(1):71-80.
[36]许煌灿,符史深.白藤的特性及栽培技术研究初报[J].热带林业,1981(1):9-27.
[37]官凤英,范少辉,刘亚迪,等.高地省藤幼苗光合作用日变化特征[J].浙江林业科技,2010,30(5):33-37.
[38]董诗凡,卢靖,彭院文.遮阳和施肥对小省藤苗期生长的影响[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(5):90-95.
[39]郑蔚智,陈修仁,冯家平,等.海南优良棕榈藤培育与示范研究报告[J].热带林业,2006,34(2):49-51.
[40]Thonhofer J,Getto D,Straaten O V,et al.Influence of spatial and environmental variables on rattan palm(Arecaceae)assemblage composition in Central Sulawesi,Indonesia[J].Plant Ecology,2015,216(1):55-66.
[41]彭超,王慷林,李莲芳,等.施肥对省藤移植苗木生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(1):58-62.
[42]杨锦昌,许煌灿,尹光天,等.世界棕榈藤造林和经营综述[J].世界林业研究,2003,16(4):27-33.
[43]Zhu J J,Lu D L,Zhang W D.Effects of gaps on regeneration of woody plants:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(3):501-510.
[44]Gallegos S C,Beck S G,Hensen I,et al.Factors limiting montane forest regeneration in bracken-dominated habitats in the tropics[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2016(381):168-176.
[45]吴承祯,洪伟,姜志林,等.我国森林凋落物研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22(3):405-410.
[46]王贺新,李根柱,于冬梅,等.枯枝落叶层对森林天然更新的障碍[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(1):83-88.
[47]黄忠良.影响季风常绿阔叶林幼苗定居的主要因素[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2001,9(2):123-128.
[48]尹光天,许煌灿,周再知,等.不同类型林藤混交林地上生物产量及营养元素的积累与分布研究[J].1993,6(4):358-367.
[49]杨锦昌,许煌灿,尹光天,等.黄藤人工林密度效应[J].林业科学,2006,42(4):57-61.
[50]杨锦昌.单叶省藤和黄藤人工林的系统经营技术[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.
[51]周再知,许煌灿,尹光天.藤类人工林经济效益评价[J].林业科学研究,1992,5(1):47-55.
[52]Peters C M,Thammavong B,Mekaloun B,et al.Growth of wild rattans in Cambodia and Laos:implications for management[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2013,306(6):23-30.
[53]尹光天,许煌灿,张伟良.光照与藤苗生长的初步研究[J].林业科学研究,1988,1(5):548-552.
[54]李发根,杨华,尹光天.棕榈藤基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应条件探索[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(6):824-828.
[55]安琪,张国学,何承忠,等.省藤属11种棕榈藤亲缘关系的AFLP分析[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(6):1117-1122.