祁连山高寒牧区不同类型草地植被特征与土壤养分及其相关性研究
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摘要
为探究祁连山高寒牧区不同类型草地植被特征、土壤养分及其相关性,以山地草原、高山草原、高寒草甸草原草原3个类型草地为研究对象,采用野外调查、室内测定和数据统计分析相结合的方法,研究了3个类型草地的植被特征、土壤养分特征及其之间的相关性。结果表明:不同类型草地群落盖度、地上生物量差异明显,均为高山草原>山地草原>高寒草甸草原(P<0.05);群落多样性、草本植物高度差异明显,均为山地草原>高山草原>高寒草甸草原(P<0.05);小灌木平均高度差异明显,为高寒草甸草原>高山草原>山地草原(P<0.05);不同类型草地土壤有机质含量变幅较大,其中以高寒草甸草原最为丰富;pH值变幅较大,变化趋势与有机质相反,即有机质含量越高,则土壤pH值低,反之亦然;全氮含量较高,都为1~2级(>0.2%);全钾含量居中,山地草原为2级(2.5%~3.0%),高山草原和高寒草甸草原为3级(2.0%~2.5%);全磷含量最低,均为3~4级(0.05%~0.10%),全量养分表现出以低磷高氮富钾为特征;速效养分以贫磷为特征;土壤保肥能力较强;各类型草地土壤肥力因子间的相关性各有特点;总体看来,高山草原土壤养分含量最高,其群落的生产力也最高,但群落物种多样性最低。磷在祁连山高寒牧区很缺乏,建议在进行草原管理和人工饲草种植时补充磷素。
In order to study of grassland vegetation characteristics and soil nutrient and their correlation between different grassland types,we selected three different researching objects,such as upland meadow,alpine meadow and apine meadow-steppe type rangeland,and we used the combined analytical method to study vegetation characteristics,soil nutrient characteristics and their interrelations between three different grassland types.Our results show that:community coverage and aboveground biomass between different grassland types were significant differences,such as alpine steppe> upland meadow> apine meadowsteppe type rangeland(P<0.05);community diversity,herb height were significant differences between different grassland types,such as upland meadow> alpine steppe> apine meadow-steppe type rangeland(P<0.05);small shrubs height were significant differences between different grassland types,such as apine meadow-steppe type rangeland> alpine steppe> upland meadow(P<0.05).The content of soil or-ganic matter in different grassland types is significant differences,the apine meadow-steppe type rangeland is the most abundant;pH value variation is large,and showed the opposite trend with organic matter,namely,higher organic matter content,low soil pH value and vice;the total content of nitrogen was up to1 th~2 nd level(>0.2%);potassium,upland meadow to level 2(2.5~3.0%),alpine meadow and apine meadow-steppe type rangeland for level 3(2.0~2.5%);the content of total potassium,upland meadow to reach the 2 nd level(2.5~3%),alpine steppe and apine meadow-steppe type rangeland up to the 3 rd level(2~2.5%);the total content of phosphorus was lowest,were up to 3 rd~4 th grades(0.05~0.10%);total nutrients showed a characteristic that is low phosphorus,high nitrogen and potassium rich;the characteristic of total nutrients was low phosphorus,high nitrogen and relative rich potassium;the available nutrients were characterized with low available phosphorus;characteristics of soil has a strong ability to save fertilizer;correlation of soil fertility factors between different grassland types has different characteristics.In general,highest soil nutrient contents in Alpine grassland,which have the highest productivity in the community,but community diversity is the lowest.Phosphorus is scarce in alpine pastoral area of the Qilian Mountains,suggesting that fertilizing phosphorus,when cultivated artificially forage and grassland management.
In order to study of grassland vegetation characteristics and soil nutrient and their correlation between different grassland types,we selected three different researching objects,such as upland meadow,alpine meadow and apine meadow-steppe type rangeland,and we used the combined analytical method to study vegetation characteristics,soil nutrient characteristics and their interrelations between three different grassland types.Our results show that:community coverage and aboveground biomass between different grassland types were significant differences,such as alpine steppe> upland meadow> apine meadowsteppe type rangeland(P<0.05);community diversity,herb height were significant differences between different grassland types,such as upland meadow> alpine steppe> apine meadow-steppe type rangeland(P<0.05);small shrubs height were significant differences between different grassland types,such as apine meadow-steppe type rangeland> alpine steppe> upland meadow(P<0.05).The content of soil or-ganic matter in different grassland types is significant differences,the apine meadow-steppe type rangeland is the most abundant;pH value variation is large,and showed the opposite trend with organic matter,namely,higher organic matter content,low soil pH value and vice;the total content of nitrogen was up to1 th~2 nd level(>0.2%);potassium,upland meadow to level 2(2.5~3.0%),alpine meadow and apine meadow-steppe type rangeland for level 3(2.0~2.5%);the content of total potassium,upland meadow to reach the 2 nd level(2.5~3%),alpine steppe and apine meadow-steppe type rangeland up to the 3 rd level(2~2.5%);the total content of phosphorus was lowest,were up to 3 rd~4 th grades(0.05~0.10%);total nutrients showed a characteristic that is low phosphorus,high nitrogen and potassium rich;the characteristic of total nutrients was low phosphorus,high nitrogen and relative rich potassium;the available nutrients were characterized with low available phosphorus;characteristics of soil has a strong ability to save fertilizer;correlation of soil fertility factors between different grassland types has different characteristics.In general,highest soil nutrient contents in Alpine grassland,which have the highest productivity in the community,but community diversity is the lowest.Phosphorus is scarce in alpine pastoral area of the Qilian Mountains,suggesting that fertilizing phosphorus,when cultivated artificially forage and grassland management.
引文
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[4]郭正刚,牛富俊,湛虎,等.青藏高原北部多年冻土退化过程中生态系统的变化特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(8):3294-3301
[5]包维楷,张镱锂,摆万奇.青藏高原东部采伐迹地早期人工重建序列梯度上植物多样性的变化[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(3):330-338
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[9]高君亮,李玉宝,虞毅,等.毛乌素沙地不同土地利用类型土壤分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):220-223
[10]肖绪培,宋乃平,谢腾腾,等.荒漠草原区不同土地利用类型土壤水分时空特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(4):478-482
[11]王天乐,卫智军,刘文亭,等.不同放牧强度下荒漠草原土壤养分和植被特征变化研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(4):711-716
[12]曲文杰,宋乃平,陈林,等.荒漠草原两种沙化草地对浅耕翻的响应[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):85-89
[13]王德利,王岭.草食动物与草地植物多样性的互作关系研究进展[J].草地学报,2011,19(4):699-704
[14]薛晓娟,李英年,杜明远,等.祁连山东段南麓不同海拔土壤有机质及全氮的分布状况[J].冰川冻土,2009(4):642-649
[15]梁倍,邸利,赵传燕,等.祁连山天涝池流域典型灌丛地上生物量沿海拔梯度变化规律的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(4):664-669
[16]李凯辉,胡玉昆,王鑫,等.不同海拔梯度高寒草地地上生物量与环境因子关系[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(9):2019-2024
[17]刘月华,位晓婷,钟梦莹,等.甘南高寒草甸草原不同海拔土壤理化性质分析[J].草原与草坪,2014,34(3):1-7
[18]贺有龙.不同退化程度高寒灌丛草甸植物量及土壤养分的变化[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(7):184-190
[19]顾振宽,杜国祯,朱炜歆,等.青藏高原东部不同草地类型土壤养分的分布规律[J].草业科学,2012,29(04):507-512
[20]许中旗,闵庆文,王英舜,等.人为干扰对典型草原生态系统土壤养分状况的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(5):38-42
[21]范燕敏,孙宗玖,武红旗,等.封育对山地草地植被及土壤特性的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(3):79-82
[22]牛赟,刘贤德,敬文茂,等.祁连山北坡土壤特性与植被垂直分布的关系[J].山地学报,2013,31(5):527-533
[23]赵云,陈伟,李春鸣,等.东祁连山不同退化程度高寒草甸土壤有机质含量及其与主要养分的关系[J].草业科学,2009,26(5):20-25
[24]张德罡.祁连山区高寒草原土壤肥力特征及肥力因子间的关系(简报)[J].草业学报,2002,11(3):76-79
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[29]卢虎,姚拓,李建宏,等.高寒地区不同退化草地植被和土壤微生物特性及其相关性研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(5):34-43
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[32]裴海昆,朱志红,乔有明,等.不同草甸植被下土壤腐殖质及有机磷类型探讨[J].草业学报,2001,10(4):12-17
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