西南地区两次典型大暴雨环境场的对比分析
|
摘要
四川盆地位于青藏高原的东侧,受其地理位置的影响,该地区的天气和气候复杂多变。尤其暴雨预报,是气象工作者一直面临的难题。本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA-Interim再分析资料、格点化的降水资料(CN05.1)以及常规气象观测站探空资料,从环流背景、水汽条件、动力和热力条件对比分析了2015年夏季四川盆地7月13～15日("7.13"过程)和8月16～18日("8.16"过程)两次暴雨过程的环境场,以期加深对四川盆地暴雨机制的认识。结果表明:1)相对稳定的大尺度环流形势为两次大暴雨发生发展提供了有利的背景场。2)两次过程均存在明显的高空急流和低空急流,并且"8.16"过程高空急流明显强于"7.13"过程,这也是两次过程降水强度存在明显差异的原因之一。"7.13"过程主要以低空北向急流输送孟加拉湾水汽到四川南部;"8.16"过程低空急流输送孟加拉湾水汽受四川东北部、重庆上空西南涡影响,主要以气旋性环流输送水汽到暴雨上空。3)从暴雨预报的指示意义上分析,两次暴雨过程大气均处于不稳定状态,假相当位温对于暴雨的强度和落区有较好指示。位涡扰动向低层传输,位涡的增大预示着强降水的发生。
Sichuan Basin is located to the east of the Tibet Plateau. Due to its geographical location, weather and climate in this area are complicated and capricious. In particular, the rainstorm forecasting is one of the toughest problems that meteorologists need to solve. In order to understand the rainstorm mechanism in Sichuan Basin, the authors used the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, a gridded precipitation dataset and several conventional upper-air sounding data to analyze the environmental fields of two rainstorms that occurred in the summer of 2015(the ‘7.13' process during 13-15 July and the ‘8.16' process during 16-18 August) from the following perspectives: The circulation background, the moisture condition, and the dynamic and thermal conditions in Sichuan Basin. Results show that: 1) The relatively stable large-scale circulation provides a favorable background for the occurrence of the two heavy rainstorms. 2) There existed upper-level jet stream and low-level jet stream in both processes, and the upper-level jet stream in the ‘8.16' process was much stronger than that in the ‘7.13' process. This is one of the reasons why there was significant difference in the precipitation intensity between the two processes. For the ‘7.13' process, the low-level jet stream flowing northward transported water vapor from the Bay of Bengal to southern Sichuan. During the ‘8.16' process, the water vapor transported from the Bay of Bengal by the low-level jet stream was affected by the southwestern vortex over Sichuan and Chongqing, and then was transported to the rainy area by cyclonic circulation. 3) The atmosphere was unstable during the two rainstorm processes. And θse was a good indicator of the rain intensity and falling area for the two rainstorms. The potential vorticity disturbance propagated downward to lower levels, and its increase indicated the occurrence of heavy rain.
Sichuan Basin is located to the east of the Tibet Plateau. Due to its geographical location, weather and climate in this area are complicated and capricious. In particular, the rainstorm forecasting is one of the toughest problems that meteorologists need to solve. In order to understand the rainstorm mechanism in Sichuan Basin, the authors used the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, a gridded precipitation dataset and several conventional upper-air sounding data to analyze the environmental fields of two rainstorms that occurred in the summer of 2015(the ‘7.13' process during 13-15 July and the ‘8.16' process during 16-18 August) from the following perspectives: The circulation background, the moisture condition, and the dynamic and thermal conditions in Sichuan Basin. Results show that: 1) The relatively stable large-scale circulation provides a favorable background for the occurrence of the two heavy rainstorms. 2) There existed upper-level jet stream and low-level jet stream in both processes, and the upper-level jet stream in the ‘8.16' process was much stronger than that in the ‘7.13' process. This is one of the reasons why there was significant difference in the precipitation intensity between the two processes. For the ‘7.13' process, the low-level jet stream flowing northward transported water vapor from the Bay of Bengal to southern Sichuan. During the ‘8.16' process, the water vapor transported from the Bay of Bengal by the low-level jet stream was affected by the southwestern vortex over Sichuan and Chongqing, and then was transported to the rainy area by cyclonic circulation. 3) The atmosphere was unstable during the two rainstorm processes. And θse was a good indicator of the rain intensity and falling area for the two rainstorms. The potential vorticity disturbance propagated downward to lower levels, and its increase indicated the occurrence of heavy rain.
引文
鲍名.2007.近50年我国持续性暴雨的统计分析及其大尺度环流背景[J].大气科学,31(5):779-792.Bao Ming.2007.The statistical analysis of the persistent heavy rain in the last 50 years over China and their backgrounds on the large scale circulation[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Science(in Chinese),31(5):779-792,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.05.03.
陈栋,顾雷,蒋兴文.2010.1981-2000年四川夏季暴雨大尺度环流背景特征[J].大气科学学报,33(4):443-450.Cheng Dong,Gu Lei,Jiang Xingwen.2010.Characteristics of large-scale circulation background of summer heavy rainfall in Sichuan during 1981-2000[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),33(4):443-450,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2010.04.008.
陈栋,李跃青,黄荣辉.2007.在“鞍”型大尺度环流配置下西南低涡发展的物理过程及其对川东暴雨发生的作用[J].大气科学,31(2):185-201.Chen Dong,Li Yueqing,Huang Ronghui.2007.The physical process analyses of the southwest vortex development and its effect on heavy rainfall in eastern Sichuan under the saddle pattern background of large-scale circulations[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),31(2):185-201,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.02.01.
陈静,李川,谌贵珣.2002.低空急流在四川“9.18”大暴雨中的触发作用[J].气象,28(8):24-29.Chen Jing,Li Chuan,Shen Guixun.2002.The trigger action of low-level jet in a heavy rain of Sichuan Province[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),28(8):24-29,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.08.005.
戴廷仁,寿绍文,陈艳秋,等.2006.辽宁地区一次暴雨过程成因的位涡诊断分析[J].自然灾害学报,15(3):31-36.Dai Tingren,Shou Shaowen,Chen Yanqiu,et al.2006.Diagnostic analysis of potential vorticity for cause of a rainstorm in Liaoning area[J].Journal of Natural Disasters(in Chinese),15(3):31-36,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4574.2006.03.006.
Dee D P,Uppala S M,Simmons A J,et al.2011.The ERA-Interim reanalysis:Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system[J].Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,137(656):553-597,doi:10.1002/qj.828.
段海霞,陆维松,毕宝贵.2007.“049”川渝暴雨的Q矢量与湿位涡分析[J].南京气象学院学报,30(5):674-680.Duan Haixia,Lu Weisong,Bi Baogui.2007.Q vector and moist potential vorticity analysis for the heavy rainfall in September 2004 in Sichuan and Chongqing[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology(in Chinese),30(5):674-680,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2007.05.012.
Fu S M,Sun J H,Zhao S W,et al.2011.The energy budget of a southwest vortex with heavy rainfall over south China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,28(3):709-724,doi:10.1007/s00376-010-0026-z.
何光碧,陈静,李川,等.2005.低涡与急流对“04.9”川东暴雨影响的分析与数值模拟[J].高原气象,24(6):1012-1023.He Guangbi,Chen Jing,Li Chuan,et al.2005.Analysis and numerical simulation for effects of vortex and jet stream on heavy rain in East Sichuan in September 2004[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),24(6):1012-1023,doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0534.2005.06.023.
黄楚惠,顾清源,李国平,等.2010.一次高原低涡东移引发四川盆地暴雨的机制分析[J].高原气象,29(4):832-839.Huang Chuhui,Gu Qingyuan,Li Guoping,et al.2010.Mechanism analysis of Plateau vortex moving east trigger rainstorm in Sichuan Basin[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),29(4):832-839.
康岚,郝丽萍,罗玲,等.2013.1002号台风对四川盆地大暴雨的影响分析[J].热带气象学报,29(1):169-176.Kang Lan,Hao Liping,Luo Ling,et al.2013.The analysis of the effect of typhoon 1002 on storm rainfall in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),29(1):169-176,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2013.01.022.
Kuo Y H,Cheng L S,Bao J W.1988.Numerical simulation of the 1981Sichuan flood.Part I:Evolution of a mesoscale southwest vortex[J].Mon.Wea.Rev.,116(12):2481-2504,doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<2481:NSOTSF>2.0.CO;2.
李津,赵思雄,孙建华.2017.一次华北破纪录暴雪成因的分析研究[J].气候与环境研究,22(6):683-698.Li Jin,Zhao Sixiong,Sun Jianhua.2017.Analysis of a record heavy snowfall event in North China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),22(6):683-698,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16121.
李瑞青,吕世华,韩博,等.2012.青藏高原东部三种再分析资料与地面气温观测资料的对比分析[J].高原气象,31(6):1488-1502.Li Ruiqing,LüShihua,Han Bo,et al.2012.Preliminary comparison and analyses of air temperature at 2m height between three reanalysis data-sets and observation in the east of Qinghai-Xiang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),31(6):1488-1502.
梁生俊,马晓华.2012.西北地区东部两次典型大暴雨个例对比分析[J].气象,38(7):804-813.Liang Shengjun,Ma Xiaohua.2012.Comparative analysis of characteristics of two typical rainstorm cases in the east of Northwest China[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),38(7):804-813.
刘健文,郭虎,李耀东,等.2005.天气分析预报物理量计算基础[M].北京:气象出版社,81-142.Liu Jianwen,Guo Hu,Li Yaodong,et al.2005.Physical Quantity Calculation Basis for Weather Analysis and Forecast(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,81-142.
刘璐,冉令坤,周玉淑,等.2015.北京“7.21”暴雨的不稳定性及其触发机制分析[J].大气科学,39(3):583-595.Liu Lu,Ran Lingkun,Zhou Yushu,et al.2015.Analysis on the instability and trigger mechanism of torrential rainfall event in Beijing on 21 July 2012[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),39(3):583-595,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1407.14144.
陆汉城,杨国祥.2015.中尺度天气原理和预报(3版)[M].北京:气象出版社,60-66.Lu Hancheng,Yang Guoxiang.2015.Principle and Forecast of Mesoscale Weather(3rd ed)(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,60-66.
Madonna E,Wernli H,Joos H,et al.2014.Warm conveyor belts in the ERA-interim dataset(1979-2010).Part I:Climatology and potential vorticity evolution[J].J.Climate,27(1):3-26,doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00720.1.
齐琳琳,刘玉玲,赵思雄.2005.一次强雷雨过程中对流参数对潜势预测影响的分析[J].大气科学,29(4):536-548.Qi Linlin,Liu Yuling,Zhao Sixiong.2005.The analyses of convective parameters and their potential predictability in a severe thunderstorm rain[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),29(4):536-548,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2005.04.05.
邱静雅,李国平,郝丽萍.2015.高原涡与西南涡相互作用引发四川暴雨的位涡诊断[J].高原气象,34(6):1556-1565.Qiu Jingya,Li Guoping,Hao Liping.2015.Diagnostic analysis of potential vorticity on a heavy rain in Sichuan Basin under interaction between plateau vortex and southwest vortex[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),34(6):1556-1565,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00117.
陶诗言.1980.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,225.Tao Shiyan.1980.Rainstorm in China(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press,225.
王佳津,陈朝平,刘莹,等.2017.四川省持续性暴雨定义及时空分布特征[J].气象科技,45(2):331-341.Wang Jiajin,Chen Chaoping,Liu Ying,et al.2017.Statistical analysis of persistent heavy rainfall in Sichuan[J].Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),45(2):331-341,doi:10.19517/j.1671-6345.20160242.
王茂书,张勇.2011.2010年7月16~18日巴中市持续性暴雨天气诊断分析[J].高原山地气象研究,31(3):43-48.Wang Maoshu,Zhang Yong.2011.Diagnostic analysis on continual rainstorm from July 16 to July 18,2010[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research(in Chinese),31(3):43-48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184.2011.03.009.
吴佳,高学杰.2013.一套格点化的中国区域逐日观测资料及与其它资料的对比[J].地球物理学报,56(4):1102-1111.Wu Jia,Gao Xuejie.2013.A gridded daily observation dataset over China region and comparison with the other datasets[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(4):1102-1111,doi:10.6038/cjg20130406.
武麦凤,肖湘卉,曹玲玲,等.2013.两次台风远距离暴雨过程的对比分析[J].暴雨灾害,32(1):32-37.Wu Maifeng,Xiao Xianghui,Cao Lingling,et al.2013.Comparative analysis on two rainstorm processes affected by distant typhoon[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),32(1):32-37,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2013.01.005.
Yang X,Feng G,Kheong D S C.2006.Call admission control for multiservice wireless networks with bandwidth asymmetry between uplink and downlink[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,55(1):360-368,doi:10.1109/TVT.2005.861202.
叶爱芬,伍志方,肖伟军,等.2006.对流有效位能在强对流预报中的应用研究[J].热带气象学报,22(5):484-490.Ye Aifen,Wu Zhifang,Xiao Weijun,et al.2006.A study of application of cape in severe convective weather prediction[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),22(5):484-490,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2006.05.011.
于波,林永辉.2008.引发川东暴雨的西南低涡演变特征个例分析[J].大气科学,32(1):141-154.Yu Bo,Lin Yonghui.2008.A case study of southwest vortex causing heavy rainfall in eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),32(1):141-154,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.01.13.
于仁成,阎丽凤.1999.从一次大暴雨过程看大中尺度间的相互作用[J].大气科学,23(4):504-512.Yu Rencheng,Yan Lifeng.1999.Interaction of large scale and mesoscale from a heavy rainstorm process[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),23(4):504-512,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1999.04.14.
张朝辉,李国平,黄楚惠.2011.一次引发四川盆地南部暴雨的西南低涡湿旋转量分析[J].高原山地气象研究,31(1):46-50.Zhang Chaohui,Li Guoping,Huang Chuhui.2011.Wet rotation analysis of southwest vortex causing a heavy rain in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research(in Chinese),31(1):46-50,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184·2011.01.008.
张雪琦,白爱娟.2015.“15·8”川东西南涡暴雨的Q矢量分析[J].高原山地气象研究,35(3):32-38.Zhang Xueqi,Bai Aijuan.2015.Q-vector analysis of the southwest vortex rainstorm in"15·8"in southeast Sichuan[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research(in Chinese),35(3):32-38,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184·2015.03.005.
朱乾根,周伟灿,张海霞.2001.高低空急流耦合对长江中游强暴雨形成的机理研究[J].南京气象学院学报,24(3):308-314.Zhu Qiangen,Zhou Weican,Zhang Haixia.2001.Mechanism of the formation of torrential rain by coupled high/low level jets over the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology(in Chinese),24(3):308-314,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2001.03.002.
陈栋,顾雷,蒋兴文.2010.1981-2000年四川夏季暴雨大尺度环流背景特征[J].大气科学学报,33(4):443-450.Cheng Dong,Gu Lei,Jiang Xingwen.2010.Characteristics of large-scale circulation background of summer heavy rainfall in Sichuan during 1981-2000[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),33(4):443-450,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2010.04.008.
陈栋,李跃青,黄荣辉.2007.在“鞍”型大尺度环流配置下西南低涡发展的物理过程及其对川东暴雨发生的作用[J].大气科学,31(2):185-201.Chen Dong,Li Yueqing,Huang Ronghui.2007.The physical process analyses of the southwest vortex development and its effect on heavy rainfall in eastern Sichuan under the saddle pattern background of large-scale circulations[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),31(2):185-201,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.02.01.
陈静,李川,谌贵珣.2002.低空急流在四川“9.18”大暴雨中的触发作用[J].气象,28(8):24-29.Chen Jing,Li Chuan,Shen Guixun.2002.The trigger action of low-level jet in a heavy rain of Sichuan Province[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),28(8):24-29,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2002.08.005.
戴廷仁,寿绍文,陈艳秋,等.2006.辽宁地区一次暴雨过程成因的位涡诊断分析[J].自然灾害学报,15(3):31-36.Dai Tingren,Shou Shaowen,Chen Yanqiu,et al.2006.Diagnostic analysis of potential vorticity for cause of a rainstorm in Liaoning area[J].Journal of Natural Disasters(in Chinese),15(3):31-36,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4574.2006.03.006.
Dee D P,Uppala S M,Simmons A J,et al.2011.The ERA-Interim reanalysis:Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system[J].Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,137(656):553-597,doi:10.1002/qj.828.
段海霞,陆维松,毕宝贵.2007.“049”川渝暴雨的Q矢量与湿位涡分析[J].南京气象学院学报,30(5):674-680.Duan Haixia,Lu Weisong,Bi Baogui.2007.Q vector and moist potential vorticity analysis for the heavy rainfall in September 2004 in Sichuan and Chongqing[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology(in Chinese),30(5):674-680,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2007.05.012.
Fu S M,Sun J H,Zhao S W,et al.2011.The energy budget of a southwest vortex with heavy rainfall over south China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,28(3):709-724,doi:10.1007/s00376-010-0026-z.
何光碧,陈静,李川,等.2005.低涡与急流对“04.9”川东暴雨影响的分析与数值模拟[J].高原气象,24(6):1012-1023.He Guangbi,Chen Jing,Li Chuan,et al.2005.Analysis and numerical simulation for effects of vortex and jet stream on heavy rain in East Sichuan in September 2004[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),24(6):1012-1023,doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0534.2005.06.023.
黄楚惠,顾清源,李国平,等.2010.一次高原低涡东移引发四川盆地暴雨的机制分析[J].高原气象,29(4):832-839.Huang Chuhui,Gu Qingyuan,Li Guoping,et al.2010.Mechanism analysis of Plateau vortex moving east trigger rainstorm in Sichuan Basin[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),29(4):832-839.
康岚,郝丽萍,罗玲,等.2013.1002号台风对四川盆地大暴雨的影响分析[J].热带气象学报,29(1):169-176.Kang Lan,Hao Liping,Luo Ling,et al.2013.The analysis of the effect of typhoon 1002 on storm rainfall in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),29(1):169-176,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2013.01.022.
Kuo Y H,Cheng L S,Bao J W.1988.Numerical simulation of the 1981Sichuan flood.Part I:Evolution of a mesoscale southwest vortex[J].Mon.Wea.Rev.,116(12):2481-2504,doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<2481:NSOTSF>2.0.CO;2.
李津,赵思雄,孙建华.2017.一次华北破纪录暴雪成因的分析研究[J].气候与环境研究,22(6):683-698.Li Jin,Zhao Sixiong,Sun Jianhua.2017.Analysis of a record heavy snowfall event in North China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),22(6):683-698,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16121.
李瑞青,吕世华,韩博,等.2012.青藏高原东部三种再分析资料与地面气温观测资料的对比分析[J].高原气象,31(6):1488-1502.Li Ruiqing,LüShihua,Han Bo,et al.2012.Preliminary comparison and analyses of air temperature at 2m height between three reanalysis data-sets and observation in the east of Qinghai-Xiang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),31(6):1488-1502.
梁生俊,马晓华.2012.西北地区东部两次典型大暴雨个例对比分析[J].气象,38(7):804-813.Liang Shengjun,Ma Xiaohua.2012.Comparative analysis of characteristics of two typical rainstorm cases in the east of Northwest China[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),38(7):804-813.
刘健文,郭虎,李耀东,等.2005.天气分析预报物理量计算基础[M].北京:气象出版社,81-142.Liu Jianwen,Guo Hu,Li Yaodong,et al.2005.Physical Quantity Calculation Basis for Weather Analysis and Forecast(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,81-142.
刘璐,冉令坤,周玉淑,等.2015.北京“7.21”暴雨的不稳定性及其触发机制分析[J].大气科学,39(3):583-595.Liu Lu,Ran Lingkun,Zhou Yushu,et al.2015.Analysis on the instability and trigger mechanism of torrential rainfall event in Beijing on 21 July 2012[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),39(3):583-595,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1407.14144.
陆汉城,杨国祥.2015.中尺度天气原理和预报(3版)[M].北京:气象出版社,60-66.Lu Hancheng,Yang Guoxiang.2015.Principle and Forecast of Mesoscale Weather(3rd ed)(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,60-66.
Madonna E,Wernli H,Joos H,et al.2014.Warm conveyor belts in the ERA-interim dataset(1979-2010).Part I:Climatology and potential vorticity evolution[J].J.Climate,27(1):3-26,doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00720.1.
齐琳琳,刘玉玲,赵思雄.2005.一次强雷雨过程中对流参数对潜势预测影响的分析[J].大气科学,29(4):536-548.Qi Linlin,Liu Yuling,Zhao Sixiong.2005.The analyses of convective parameters and their potential predictability in a severe thunderstorm rain[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),29(4):536-548,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2005.04.05.
邱静雅,李国平,郝丽萍.2015.高原涡与西南涡相互作用引发四川暴雨的位涡诊断[J].高原气象,34(6):1556-1565.Qiu Jingya,Li Guoping,Hao Liping.2015.Diagnostic analysis of potential vorticity on a heavy rain in Sichuan Basin under interaction between plateau vortex and southwest vortex[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),34(6):1556-1565,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00117.
陶诗言.1980.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,225.Tao Shiyan.1980.Rainstorm in China(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press,225.
王佳津,陈朝平,刘莹,等.2017.四川省持续性暴雨定义及时空分布特征[J].气象科技,45(2):331-341.Wang Jiajin,Chen Chaoping,Liu Ying,et al.2017.Statistical analysis of persistent heavy rainfall in Sichuan[J].Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),45(2):331-341,doi:10.19517/j.1671-6345.20160242.
王茂书,张勇.2011.2010年7月16~18日巴中市持续性暴雨天气诊断分析[J].高原山地气象研究,31(3):43-48.Wang Maoshu,Zhang Yong.2011.Diagnostic analysis on continual rainstorm from July 16 to July 18,2010[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research(in Chinese),31(3):43-48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184.2011.03.009.
吴佳,高学杰.2013.一套格点化的中国区域逐日观测资料及与其它资料的对比[J].地球物理学报,56(4):1102-1111.Wu Jia,Gao Xuejie.2013.A gridded daily observation dataset over China region and comparison with the other datasets[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(4):1102-1111,doi:10.6038/cjg20130406.
武麦凤,肖湘卉,曹玲玲,等.2013.两次台风远距离暴雨过程的对比分析[J].暴雨灾害,32(1):32-37.Wu Maifeng,Xiao Xianghui,Cao Lingling,et al.2013.Comparative analysis on two rainstorm processes affected by distant typhoon[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),32(1):32-37,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2013.01.005.
Yang X,Feng G,Kheong D S C.2006.Call admission control for multiservice wireless networks with bandwidth asymmetry between uplink and downlink[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,55(1):360-368,doi:10.1109/TVT.2005.861202.
叶爱芬,伍志方,肖伟军,等.2006.对流有效位能在强对流预报中的应用研究[J].热带气象学报,22(5):484-490.Ye Aifen,Wu Zhifang,Xiao Weijun,et al.2006.A study of application of cape in severe convective weather prediction[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),22(5):484-490,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2006.05.011.
于波,林永辉.2008.引发川东暴雨的西南低涡演变特征个例分析[J].大气科学,32(1):141-154.Yu Bo,Lin Yonghui.2008.A case study of southwest vortex causing heavy rainfall in eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),32(1):141-154,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.01.13.
于仁成,阎丽凤.1999.从一次大暴雨过程看大中尺度间的相互作用[J].大气科学,23(4):504-512.Yu Rencheng,Yan Lifeng.1999.Interaction of large scale and mesoscale from a heavy rainstorm process[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),23(4):504-512,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1999.04.14.
张朝辉,李国平,黄楚惠.2011.一次引发四川盆地南部暴雨的西南低涡湿旋转量分析[J].高原山地气象研究,31(1):46-50.Zhang Chaohui,Li Guoping,Huang Chuhui.2011.Wet rotation analysis of southwest vortex causing a heavy rain in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research(in Chinese),31(1):46-50,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184·2011.01.008.
张雪琦,白爱娟.2015.“15·8”川东西南涡暴雨的Q矢量分析[J].高原山地气象研究,35(3):32-38.Zhang Xueqi,Bai Aijuan.2015.Q-vector analysis of the southwest vortex rainstorm in"15·8"in southeast Sichuan[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research(in Chinese),35(3):32-38,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184·2015.03.005.
朱乾根,周伟灿,张海霞.2001.高低空急流耦合对长江中游强暴雨形成的机理研究[J].南京气象学院学报,24(3):308-314.Zhu Qiangen,Zhou Weican,Zhang Haixia.2001.Mechanism of the formation of torrential rain by coupled high/low level jets over the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology(in Chinese),24(3):308-314,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2001.03.002.