陕西关中地区一次突发性暴雨的雷达回波特征分析
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摘要
利用陕西关中地区46个自动气象站数据、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料、西安新一代多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2016年7月18日关中一次突发性暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:影响此次暴雨的主要因子有西太平洋副热带高压、西北路弱冷空气、切变线、偏南和偏东风急流等。雷达图上,最强回波中心(45～55 dBz)高度在6 km以下,为低质心结构,径向速度图上零速度线呈"S"型,表示低层暖平流,风向辐合辐散和逆风区等特征均有利于短时强降水的发生。逆风区、VIL的峰值与强降水中心区、强回波中心位置有很好的对应关系。当VIL中心值在25～30 kg/m~2时,可能会出现小时雨强超过20 mm的短时强降水。这些结果对预报关中地区突发性暴雨有很好的参考意义。
Based on the conventional meteorological data of Guanzhong region,NCEP/NCAR 1° ×1°reanalysis data and the characteristics of Doppler radar,the abrupt heavy rain processes occurring in Guanzhong region on 18 July 2016 was analyzed. The results show that the main factor affecting the storm were the western Pacific subtropical high,northwestern weak cold air masses,shear line,southerly and easterly jet. The radar reflectivity factors of the short-time heavy rainfall present lowquality core structure that the strongest echo center(45～55 dBz) height below 6 km,the low-level"S"warm advection on the radial velocity,wind convergence or divergence and adverse wind regions.AWR and the peak of VIL were consistent with strong precipitation centers and strong echo center.The appearing time of the AWR was half an hour ahead of the time of the short-time heavy rainfall.When the VIL content was 25～30 kg/m~2,there may be a short-time strong rainfall which raininess get up to 20 mm per hour. The results have a very good indication of the short-time heavy rainfall which occur in Guanzhong region.
Based on the conventional meteorological data of Guanzhong region,NCEP/NCAR 1° ×1°reanalysis data and the characteristics of Doppler radar,the abrupt heavy rain processes occurring in Guanzhong region on 18 July 2016 was analyzed. The results show that the main factor affecting the storm were the western Pacific subtropical high,northwestern weak cold air masses,shear line,southerly and easterly jet. The radar reflectivity factors of the short-time heavy rainfall present lowquality core structure that the strongest echo center(45～55 dBz) height below 6 km,the low-level"S"warm advection on the radial velocity,wind convergence or divergence and adverse wind regions.AWR and the peak of VIL were consistent with strong precipitation centers and strong echo center.The appearing time of the AWR was half an hour ahead of the time of the short-time heavy rainfall.When the VIL content was 25～30 kg/m~2,there may be a short-time strong rainfall which raininess get up to 20 mm per hour. The results have a very good indication of the short-time heavy rainfall which occur in Guanzhong region.
引文
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[23]梁红,陈立德,李大为,等.沈阳一次局地大暴雨过程中逆风区的回波演变[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(3):12-17.
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[26]伍志方,叶爱芬,胡胜,等.中小尺度天气系统的多普勒统计特征[J].热带气象学报,2004,20(4):391-400.
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[28]Robert A C,Yates J C.Applications of digital radar data in both meteorology and hydrology[R].15th.Conf.on Radar Meteor.Champaign-Urbana,IL:AMS,1972:93-98.
[2]郭虎,段丽,杨波,等.0679香山局地大暴雨的中尺度天气分析[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(3):265-276.
[3]王志超,王咏青,马鸿青,等.华北中部一次切变线暴雨诊断分析[J].干旱气象,2010,28(4):422-429.
[4]李明,高维英,李萍云.陕西关中西北部一次短时强降水过程的成因分析[J].气象科学,2016,36(5):689-696.
[5]陈铁,罗爱文,徐为根,等.一次大范围暴雨过程的诊断分析[J].气象科学,2015,35(3):362-369.
[6]吴雪剑,费建芳,程小平,等.一次暴雨过程降水强度“双峰”结构成因分析.气象科学,2014,34(3):252-260.
[7]李安泰,何宏让,张云.引起舟曲特大泥石流灾害的“8·8”暴雨过程中尺度特征分析[J].气象科学,2012,32(2):169-176.
[8]李媛,赵宇,李婷,等.一次台风远距离暴雨中的干侵入分析[J].气象科学,2014,34(5):536-542.
[9]张福林,皮婷,张立军.神农架林区西南坡局地暴雨过程诊断分析[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(2):100-108.
[10]朱义青,胡顺起,张品竹,等.山东南部一次大暴雨过程的中尺度特征及成因分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(1):119-127
[11]胡容,史小康,李耀东.重庆一次暴雨过程的诊断分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(1):66-73.
[12]陈鹏,刘德,甘薇薇,等.重庆一次暴雨过程的雷达产品特征分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(3):468-473.
[13]黄昌兴,毛连海,张方伟,等.江西一次暴雨过程的诊断分析[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(4):80-85.
[14]闫昕旸,王文,何金梅.北京一次暴雨过程的成因分析[J].干旱气象,2014,32(1):87-92.
[15]张弘,陈卫东,孙伟.一次台风与河套低涡共同影响的陕北暴雨分析[J].高原气象,2006,25(1):52-59.
[16]孙娴,魏娜,肖科丽.陕西秋季降水变化特征[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(2):360-365.
[17]Michimoto K.A study of radar echoes and their relation to lightning discharge of thunderstorms in summer and winter[J].Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan,1991(69):327-335.
[18]Gremillion M S,Orville R E.Thunderstorm characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning at the Kennedy Space Center,Florida:A study of lightning initiation signatures as indicated by the WSR-88D[J].Weather Forecasting,1999(14):640~649.
[19]王福侠,俞小鼎,王宗敏,等.河北暴雨的多普勒天气雷达径向速度特征[J].气象,2014,40(2):206-215.
[20]徐双柱,吴涛,王艳.2010年7月7-15日湖北省持续性暴雨分析[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(1):35-43.
[21]纪晓玲,冯建民,穆建华,等.宁夏北部一次短时暴雨中尺度对流系统的特征分析[J].大气科学学报,2010,33(6):711-718.
[22]张亚萍,黎中菊,廖俊,等.基于雷达定量降水估计的“逆风区”强降水分析[J].第28届中国气象学会年会,2011:426-431.
[23]梁红,陈立德,李大为,等.沈阳一次局地大暴雨过程中逆风区的回波演变[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(3):12-17.
[24]伍志方.CINRAD/SA新一代天气雷达观测夏季热带飑线的特征分析[J].气象,2003,29(3):38-40.
[25]付双喜,王致君,张杰,等.甘肃中部一次强对流天气的多普勒雷达特征分析[J].高原气象,2006,25(5):932-941.
[26]伍志方,叶爱芬,胡胜,等.中小尺度天气系统的多普勒统计特征[J].热带气象学报,2004,20(4):391-400.
[27]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊庭南,等.新一代天气雷达原理与应用讲义[M].北京:中国气象局培训中心,2004:102-143.
[28]Robert A C,Yates J C.Applications of digital radar data in both meteorology and hydrology[R].15th.Conf.on Radar Meteor.Champaign-Urbana,IL:AMS,1972:93-98.