位错及其运动在航空铝合金激光冲击表面改性中的作用
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摘要
利用输出波长为1064 nm的钕玻璃YAG激光器,对2000系铝铜镁航空铝合金进行了激光冲击表面改性试验。用TEM和IFFT方法分析了位错及其运动在铝合金激光冲击表面改性中的作用。结果表明,激光冲击表面改性效果明显,可使表层硬度提高50%以上;残余压应力达到120 MPa以上。激光冲击在基体中诱发大量位错,位错组态主要包括刃型位错、异号位错组和由位错偶构成的螺型位错等。合金中的析出相与基体中的应变位错保持半共格关系,增强了析出相颗粒的强化作用;激光冲击的超高应变率导致基体产生有序连续排列的同号位错形成位错墙,将基体分割为纳米级亚晶粒。激光冲击诱发的复杂位错组态是表层硬度和残余应力提高的内在原因。
An Al-Cu-Mg aero-aluminum alloy was laser shocked by using the Nd: YAG laser setup with the 1064 nm output wave length.The effect of dislocations and their motion on the surface modification of the aluminum alloy was analyzed via the TEM and IFFT method.The results indicate that the surface hardness of the alloy by laser shock processing(LSP) can be increased by 50%,the residual compressive stress reaches 120 MPa.TEM and IFFT analysis of microstructure demonstrates that large number of dislocations are induced in the laser shocked matrix,mainly including edge dislocations,dislocation group with different signs;and screw dislocations consisting of dislocation dipoles.The precipitates are semi-coherent relations with the induced dislocations by LSP,which enhance their strengthening effect.The matrix of the alloy can be refined into nano-crystalline sub-grains by dislocation walls constructed by the ordered dislocations with the identical signs induced by the ultra-high strain rate of LSP.Therefore,the complex dislocation configuration caused by LSP is responsible for the improvement of surface hardness and compressive residual stress state.
An Al-Cu-Mg aero-aluminum alloy was laser shocked by using the Nd: YAG laser setup with the 1064 nm output wave length.The effect of dislocations and their motion on the surface modification of the aluminum alloy was analyzed via the TEM and IFFT method.The results indicate that the surface hardness of the alloy by laser shock processing(LSP) can be increased by 50%,the residual compressive stress reaches 120 MPa.TEM and IFFT analysis of microstructure demonstrates that large number of dislocations are induced in the laser shocked matrix,mainly including edge dislocations,dislocation group with different signs;and screw dislocations consisting of dislocation dipoles.The precipitates are semi-coherent relations with the induced dislocations by LSP,which enhance their strengthening effect.The matrix of the alloy can be refined into nano-crystalline sub-grains by dislocation walls constructed by the ordered dislocations with the identical signs induced by the ultra-high strain rate of LSP.Therefore,the complex dislocation configuration caused by LSP is responsible for the improvement of surface hardness and compressive residual stress state.
引文
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[15]马壮,李应红,汪诚,等.激光冲击处理对LY2航空铝合金低循环疲劳寿命影响研究[J].材料热处理学报,2007,28(增):46-48,57.MA Zhuang,LI Ying-hong,WANG Cheng,et al.Influence research on the low cycle fatigue life transformation of LY 2aerial aluminum by laser shock processing[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2007,28(S):46-48,57.
[16]汪诚,任旭东,周鑫,等.激光冲击对GH742镍基合金疲劳短裂纹扩展的影响[J].金属热处理,2009,34(7):57-60.WANG Cheng,REN Xu-dong,ZHOU Xin,et al.Influence of laser shock processing on short crack growth of GH742 nickel base alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2009,34(7):57-60.
[17]胡玲玲,周建忠,黄舒,等.激光微成形技术的研究及应用[J].机械设计与制造,2010,11:46-48.HU Ling-ling,ZHOU Jian-zhong,HUANG Shu,et al.Research and application of laser micro forming technology[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2010,11:46-48.
[18]徐政坤,宋豪鹏.螺型位错偶极子与界面钝裂纹的干涉效应[J].应用力学学报,2011,28(1):50-54.XU Zheng-kun,SONG Hao-peng.The interaction between a screw dislocation dipole and an interfacial blunt crack[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2011,28(1):50-54.
[19]Ovid'ko I A,Sheinerman A G.Dislocation dipoles in nanocrystalline films[J].J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2001,1(2):215-220.
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[21]郑陈超.面心立方金属激光冲击表面纳晶化与微结构研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2012.
[22]胡赓祥,钱苗根.金属学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1980:100.
[23]王艳波,卢秋虹,隋曼龄.原位观察Shockley不全位错的发射[J].电子显微学报,2006,25(增):21-21.WANG Yan-bo,LU Qiu-hong,SUI Man-ling.Observation of projection of Shockley partial dislocation in situ[J].J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2006,25(S):21-21.
[24]程经毅,周光泉.一种新的位错运动理论及对材料动态力学行为的描述[J].金属学报,1995,31(10):A431-437.CHENG Jing-yi,ZHOU Guang-quan.A new theory of dislocation motion and its application to description of dynamic mechanical behavior of materials[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,1995,31(10):A431-437.
[2]罗新民,张静文,马辉,等.强激光冲击诱导铝合金中的空位现象分析[J].材料热处理学报,2012,33(1):8-14.LUO Xin-min,ZHANG Jing-wen,MA Hui,et al.Vacancy phenomenon of 2A02 aluminum alloy induced by laser shock processing[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2012,33(1):8-14。
[3]Meyers M A,Schneider M S,Jarmakani H,et al.Deformation substructures and their transitions in laser shock-compressed copper-aluminum alloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2008,39(2):304-321.
[4]郭乃国,罗新民,花银群.激光冲击处理对金属微结构及其性能的影响[J].材料导报,2006,20(6):10-13.GUO Nai-guo,LUO Xin-min,HUA Yin-qun.The effects of laser shock processing on microstructure and properties of metal[J].Materials Review,2006,20(6):11-13.
[5]罗新民,苑春智,任旭东,等.激光冲击超高应变率对钛板形变微结构的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2010,31(6):116-121 LUO,Xin-min,YUAN Chun-zhi,REN Xu-dong,et al.Effect of super-high-strain rate on microstructure of titanium alloy sheet deformed by laser shocking[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2010,31(6):116-121.
[6]鲁金忠,罗开玉,冯爱新,等.激光单次冲击LY2铝合金微观强化机制研究[J].中国激光,2010,37(10):2662-2666.LU Jin-zhong,LUO Kai-yu,FENG Ai-xin,et al.Micro-structural enhancement mechanism of LY 2 aluminum alloy by means of a single laser shock processing[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2010,37(10):2662-2666.
[7]罗新民,张静文,赵广志,等.激光冲击强化对2A02铝合金疲劳行为的影响[J].中国激光,2009,36(12):3323-3328.LUO Xin-min,ZHANG Jing-wen,ZHAO Guang-zhi,et al.Effect of laser shock strengthening on fatigue behaviors of 2A02 aluminum alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2009,36(12):3323-3328.
[8]周磊,李应红,汪诚,等.LY2铝合金激光冲击处理工艺[J].强激光与粒子束,2010,22(8):1780-1784.ZHOU Lei,LI Ying-hong,WANG Cheng,et al.Laser shock peening for LY2 alloy[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2010,22(8):17801784.
[9]Trdan Uro,Ocaa JoséLuis,Grum Janez.Surface modification of aluminium alloys with laser shock processing[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,57(5):385-393.
[10]曹子文,邹世坤,车志刚,等.航空发动机叶片激光冲击处理过程控制研究[J].航空发动机,2011,37(1):60-62,59.CAO Zi-wen,ZOU Shi-kun,CHE Zhi-gang,et al.Research on process control of laser shock peening for aeroengine blade[J].Aeroengine,2011,37(1):60-62,59.
[11]张静文,罗新民,马辉,等.2A02航空铝合金激光冲击诱导的表层纳米化[J].金属热处理,2011,36(9):22-25.ZHANG Jing-wen,LUO Xin-min,MA Hui,et al.Surface nano-crystallization of aero-aluminum alloy 2A02 induced by lasr shocking[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2011,36(9):22-25.
[12]Lu J Z,Luo K Y,Zhang Y K,et al.Grain renement of LY2 aluminum alloy induced by ultra-high plastic strain during multiple laser shock processing impacts[J].Acta Materialia,2010,58(11):3984-3994.
[13]王声波,范勇,吴鸿兴,等.7050航空铝合金结构材料激光冲击强化处理研究[J].中国激光,2004,31(1):125-128.WANG Sheng-bo,FAN Yong,WU Hong-xing,et al.Research of strengthening 7050 aerial aluminum alloy structural material with laser shock processing[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2004,31(1):125-128.
[14]熊毅,贺甜甜,张凌峰,等.共析珠光体钢激光冲击处理后的组织演变[J].材料热处理学报,2010,31(11):47-50.XIONG Yi,HE Tian-tian,ZHANG Ling-feng,et al.Microstructure evolution of eutectoid pearlitic steel after laser shock processing[J].Transactions of Materials And Heat Treatment,2010,31(11):47-50.
[15]马壮,李应红,汪诚,等.激光冲击处理对LY2航空铝合金低循环疲劳寿命影响研究[J].材料热处理学报,2007,28(增):46-48,57.MA Zhuang,LI Ying-hong,WANG Cheng,et al.Influence research on the low cycle fatigue life transformation of LY 2aerial aluminum by laser shock processing[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2007,28(S):46-48,57.
[16]汪诚,任旭东,周鑫,等.激光冲击对GH742镍基合金疲劳短裂纹扩展的影响[J].金属热处理,2009,34(7):57-60.WANG Cheng,REN Xu-dong,ZHOU Xin,et al.Influence of laser shock processing on short crack growth of GH742 nickel base alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2009,34(7):57-60.
[17]胡玲玲,周建忠,黄舒,等.激光微成形技术的研究及应用[J].机械设计与制造,2010,11:46-48.HU Ling-ling,ZHOU Jian-zhong,HUANG Shu,et al.Research and application of laser micro forming technology[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2010,11:46-48.
[18]徐政坤,宋豪鹏.螺型位错偶极子与界面钝裂纹的干涉效应[J].应用力学学报,2011,28(1):50-54.XU Zheng-kun,SONG Hao-peng.The interaction between a screw dislocation dipole and an interfacial blunt crack[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2011,28(1):50-54.
[19]Ovid'ko I A,Sheinerman A G.Dislocation dipoles in nanocrystalline films[J].J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2001,1(2):215-220.
[20]Robert WCAHN,Peter Haasen.Physical Metallurgy[M].Fourth,revised and enhanced edition,Vol.III.North-Holland,Elsevier Science B.V.1996:1862.
[21]郑陈超.面心立方金属激光冲击表面纳晶化与微结构研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2012.
[22]胡赓祥,钱苗根.金属学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1980:100.
[23]王艳波,卢秋虹,隋曼龄.原位观察Shockley不全位错的发射[J].电子显微学报,2006,25(增):21-21.WANG Yan-bo,LU Qiu-hong,SUI Man-ling.Observation of projection of Shockley partial dislocation in situ[J].J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2006,25(S):21-21.
[24]程经毅,周光泉.一种新的位错运动理论及对材料动态力学行为的描述[J].金属学报,1995,31(10):A431-437.CHENG Jing-yi,ZHOU Guang-quan.A new theory of dislocation motion and its application to description of dynamic mechanical behavior of materials[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,1995,31(10):A431-437.