城乡低保对象认定标准中增加支出标准的合理性分析——基于悬崖效应的视角
|
摘要
因病、因学致贫等支出型贫困是我国目前存在的主要贫困类型之一。学术界对城乡最低生活保障制度能否有效缓解支出型贫困尚无明确结论。本文在运用贫困脆弱性模型估计支出型贫困脆弱性的基础上,采用倾向得分匹配方法分析该制度是否使低保家庭与非低保家庭之间在支出型贫困脆弱性上存在悬崖效应。结果显示,在全样本中无法明确悬崖效应的存在与否,但在较高支出型贫困脆弱性样本组和收入低于两倍低保标准的样本组中,均存在显著的悬崖效应。由此,应在城乡最低生活保障制度认定对象标准中增加支出标准,将非低保家庭中因病、因学致贫的家庭纳入救助范围。
Expenditure-based poverty due to illness or school is one of the main types of poverty currently existing in China. There is no clear conclusion in the academic community about whether the urban and rural minimum living security can effectively alleviate the expenditure-based poverty. Based on the estimation of the vulnerability of expenditure-based poverty with the poverty vulnerability model,this paper uses the propensity score matching method to analyze whether the system has a cliff effect between the families with subsistence allowances and the families without subsistence allowances. The conclusions show that the existence of the cliff effect cannot be clarified in the whole sample,but there is a significant cliff effect in the sample group with higher expenditure-based poverty vulnerability and the sample group with income less than double the minimum living standard. It is concluded that the expenditure standard should be added in the identification standard for urban and rural minimum living security object,and families without subsistence allowances whose poverty is due to illness or school should be included in the scope of assistance.
Expenditure-based poverty due to illness or school is one of the main types of poverty currently existing in China. There is no clear conclusion in the academic community about whether the urban and rural minimum living security can effectively alleviate the expenditure-based poverty. Based on the estimation of the vulnerability of expenditure-based poverty with the poverty vulnerability model,this paper uses the propensity score matching method to analyze whether the system has a cliff effect between the families with subsistence allowances and the families without subsistence allowances. The conclusions show that the existence of the cliff effect cannot be clarified in the whole sample,but there is a significant cliff effect in the sample group with higher expenditure-based poverty vulnerability and the sample group with income less than double the minimum living standard. It is concluded that the expenditure standard should be added in the identification standard for urban and rural minimum living security object,and families without subsistence allowances whose poverty is due to illness or school should be included in the scope of assistance.
引文
[1]刘永富.有效应对脱贫攻坚面临的困难和挑战[N].人民日报,2018-10-21.
[2]韩克庆.减负、整合、创新:我国最低生活保障制度的目标调整[J].江淮论坛,2018(3):155-162.
[3]都阳,P Albert.中国的城市贫困:社会救助及其效应[J].经济研究,2007(12):24-33.
[4]王增文,邓大松.倾向度匹配、救助依赖与瞄准机制---基于社会救助制度实施效应的经验分析[J].公共管理学报,2012(2):83-88.
[5]韩华为,徐月宾.中国农村低保制度的反贫困效应研究---来自中西部五省的经验证据[J].经济评论,2014(6):63-77.
[6]曹艳春.农村低保制度对贫困群体生活水平改善效应研究[J].中国人口科学,2016(6):88-97.
[7][16][22]樊丽明,解垩.公共转移支付减少了贫困脆弱性吗?[J].经济研究,2014(8):67-78.
[8][17]徐超,李林木.城乡低保是否有助于未来减贫---基于贫困脆弱性的实证分析[J].财贸经济,2017(5):5-19.
[9]路锦非,曹艳春.支出型贫困家庭致贫因素的微观视角分析和救助机制研究[J].财贸研究,2011(2):86-91.
[10]钟仁耀,段培新.支出型社会救助的理论分析[N].中国社会报,2013-10-21.
[11]沙琳(Sarah Cook)编.需要和权利资格:转型期中国社会政策研究的新视角[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2007:19.
[12]周绿林,王璐,詹长春.基于贫困衡量视角转变的支出型贫困救助问题研究[J].广西社会科学,2015(9):171-174.
[13]谢宇,谢建社.发展型社会政策视角下的支出型贫困问题研究[J].学习与探索,2017(3):40-47.
[14]Milton Friedman.A theory of the consumption function[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1957:20-31.
[15][20]Chaudhuri S,Jalan J,Suryahadi A.Assessing household vulnerability to poverty from cross-sectional data:Amethodology and estimates from indonesia.Discussion Papers,2002:1-36.
[18]Bronfman J.Measuring vulnerability to poverty in Chile using the national socio economic characterization panel survey for1996,2001,2006.MPRA Working Paper,2014:1-28.
[19]唐琦,秦雪征.中国家庭医疗消费挤出效应的实证研究[J].经济科学,2016(3):61-75.
[21]Amemiya T.The maximum likelihood and the nonlinear three-stage least squares estimator in the general nonlinear simultaneous equation model[J].Econometrica,1977,45(4):955-968.
[23][24]Heckman J J,Ichimura H,Todd P E.Matching as an econometric estimator evaluation.The Review of Economic Studies,1998,65(2):261-294.
(1)问卷中没有户主字段,考虑到财务回答人、问卷主要受访者和排在第一位的家庭成员基本上是同一人,因此研究中将问卷的财务回答人定为户主。
[2]韩克庆.减负、整合、创新:我国最低生活保障制度的目标调整[J].江淮论坛,2018(3):155-162.
[3]都阳,P Albert.中国的城市贫困:社会救助及其效应[J].经济研究,2007(12):24-33.
[4]王增文,邓大松.倾向度匹配、救助依赖与瞄准机制---基于社会救助制度实施效应的经验分析[J].公共管理学报,2012(2):83-88.
[5]韩华为,徐月宾.中国农村低保制度的反贫困效应研究---来自中西部五省的经验证据[J].经济评论,2014(6):63-77.
[6]曹艳春.农村低保制度对贫困群体生活水平改善效应研究[J].中国人口科学,2016(6):88-97.
[7][16][22]樊丽明,解垩.公共转移支付减少了贫困脆弱性吗?[J].经济研究,2014(8):67-78.
[8][17]徐超,李林木.城乡低保是否有助于未来减贫---基于贫困脆弱性的实证分析[J].财贸经济,2017(5):5-19.
[9]路锦非,曹艳春.支出型贫困家庭致贫因素的微观视角分析和救助机制研究[J].财贸研究,2011(2):86-91.
[10]钟仁耀,段培新.支出型社会救助的理论分析[N].中国社会报,2013-10-21.
[11]沙琳(Sarah Cook)编.需要和权利资格:转型期中国社会政策研究的新视角[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2007:19.
[12]周绿林,王璐,詹长春.基于贫困衡量视角转变的支出型贫困救助问题研究[J].广西社会科学,2015(9):171-174.
[13]谢宇,谢建社.发展型社会政策视角下的支出型贫困问题研究[J].学习与探索,2017(3):40-47.
[14]Milton Friedman.A theory of the consumption function[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1957:20-31.
[15][20]Chaudhuri S,Jalan J,Suryahadi A.Assessing household vulnerability to poverty from cross-sectional data:Amethodology and estimates from indonesia.Discussion Papers,2002:1-36.
[18]Bronfman J.Measuring vulnerability to poverty in Chile using the national socio economic characterization panel survey for1996,2001,2006.MPRA Working Paper,2014:1-28.
[19]唐琦,秦雪征.中国家庭医疗消费挤出效应的实证研究[J].经济科学,2016(3):61-75.
[21]Amemiya T.The maximum likelihood and the nonlinear three-stage least squares estimator in the general nonlinear simultaneous equation model[J].Econometrica,1977,45(4):955-968.
[23][24]Heckman J J,Ichimura H,Todd P E.Matching as an econometric estimator evaluation.The Review of Economic Studies,1998,65(2):261-294.
(1)问卷中没有户主字段,考虑到财务回答人、问卷主要受访者和排在第一位的家庭成员基本上是同一人,因此研究中将问卷的财务回答人定为户主。