20CrNi2Mo钢真空渗碳工艺及数值模拟
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摘要
采用大型双室真空渗碳设备对20Cr Ni2Mo钢进行不同工艺真空渗碳淬火,结合金相、显微硬度和表面碳浓度等分析,结果表明:试样渗碳层深度为2~3 mm时,总渗碳时间为550 min,渗碳扩散时间比(渗扩比)以1∶10较合理;渗碳层深度数值模拟结果略小于实际值,对实际生产具有一定指导意义;20Cr Ni2Mo钢大型齿轮实际真空渗碳淬火处理后,表面碳浓度为0.83%,渗碳层深度为3.2 mm,碳化物别1~2级,淬火和回火后齿轮齿面硬度值分别为62.8 HRC和58.1 HRC。
20 Cr Ni2 Mo steel was carburized and quenched by using the large double chamber vacuum carburizing equipment with different vacuum carburizing processes,and its microstructure,microhardness and surface carbon concentration were tested. The results show that when the total carburizing time is 550 min and the appropriate ratio of carburizing and diffusion time for the sample is 1∶10,the carburized layer depth is between 2 and 3 mm. The data of numerical simulation of carburized layer depth on 20 Cr Ni2 Mo steel is a little less than the experimental ones,which has a certain reference significance to the practical production. When 20 Cr Ni2 Mo steel made large gear is carburized with actual vacuum carburizing and quenching process,the surface carbon concentration is 0. 83%,the carburizing layer depth is3. 2 mm,the carbide level is between 1 and 2 level of the 20 Cr Ni2 Mo steel gear,and its hardness after quenching and tempering reaches62. 8 HRC and 58. 1 HRC,respectively.
20 Cr Ni2 Mo steel was carburized and quenched by using the large double chamber vacuum carburizing equipment with different vacuum carburizing processes,and its microstructure,microhardness and surface carbon concentration were tested. The results show that when the total carburizing time is 550 min and the appropriate ratio of carburizing and diffusion time for the sample is 1∶10,the carburized layer depth is between 2 and 3 mm. The data of numerical simulation of carburized layer depth on 20 Cr Ni2 Mo steel is a little less than the experimental ones,which has a certain reference significance to the practical production. When 20 Cr Ni2 Mo steel made large gear is carburized with actual vacuum carburizing and quenching process,the surface carbon concentration is 0. 83%,the carburizing layer depth is3. 2 mm,the carbide level is between 1 and 2 level of the 20 Cr Ni2 Mo steel gear,and its hardness after quenching and tempering reaches62. 8 HRC and 58. 1 HRC,respectively.
引文
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[14]刘博勋,张幸,顾剑锋.基于钢箔渗碳的碳传递系数的精确测定[J].金属热处理,2016,41(1):211-216.Liu Boxun,Zhang Xing,Gu Jianfeng.Accurate determination of carbon mass transfer coefficient based on steel foil carburization[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(1):211-216.
[15]周传久,张振国,戚瑞玮,等.固体渗碳碳势的探讨[J].材料热处理学报,1997,18(1):26-31.Zhou Chuanjiu,Zhang Zhenguo,Qi Ruiwei,et al.Discussion on carbon potential of solid carburizing[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,1997,18(1):26-31.
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[17]刘禹门.低碳马氏体经形变后的显微组织[J].材料热处理学报,1989,10(2):59-68.Liu Yumen.Microstructure in a low carbon deformed martensite[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,1989,10(2):59-68.
[18]GB/T 9450-2005.钢件渗碳淬火硬化层深度的测定和校核[S].北京,中国标准出版社,2005.
[19]胡庚祥,蔡珣,戎咏华.材料科学基础[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2010:151.
[20]李辉平,赵国群,贺连芳,等.基于有限元方法的渗碳浓度场数值模拟[J].金属热处理,2008,33(10):79-83.Li Huiping,Zhao Guoqun,He Lianfang,et al.Numerical simulation of carburizing concentration field using finite element method[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(10):79-83.
[21]马森林,高文栋,沈玉明.ECM低压真空渗碳技术应用研究与探讨[J].汽车工艺与材料,2004(8):27-30.Ma Senlin,Gao Wendong,Shen Yuming.Application researches and discussion on ECM low pressure vacuum carburizing technology[J].Automobile Technology&Material,2004(8):27-30.
[22]高金柱,王爱香,顾敏.高合金齿轮渗碳钢热处理工艺特性的研究现状[J].热处理技术与装备,2010,31(6):1-6.Gao Jinzhu,Wang Aixiang,Gu Min.Research on the properties of heat treatment technology for high-alloy carburizing gear steels[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2010,31(6):1-6.
[2]Wei Shaopeng,Wang Gang,Zhao Xianhui,et al.Experimental study on vacuum carburizing process for low-carbon alloy steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2014,23(2):545-550.
[3]张建国,丛培武.真空渗碳技术国内外概况及发展[J].金属热处理,2003,28(10):52-55.Zhang Jianguo,Cong Peiwu.Development of vacuum carburizing technology at home and abroad[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2003,28(10):52-55.
[4]GB/T 3203—1982.渗碳轴承钢技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1982.
[5]樊洋,杨晟,陈金龙,等.含硼20Cr Ni2Mo钢齿轮渗碳淬火后组织及缺陷分析[J].金属热处理,2014,39(12):143-146.Fan Yang,Yang Sheng,Chen Jinlong,et al.Microstructure and defect analysis of 20 Cr Ni2 Mo boron-bearing steel gear after carburizing and quenching[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2014,39(12):143-146.
[6]黄锦财,张江山,赖香功.渗碳淬火行星齿轮内孔畸变控制[J].金属热处理,2016,41(3):196-199.Huang Jincai,Zhang Jiangshan,Lai Xianggong.Distortion control of planetary gear inner hole during carburizing and quenching[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(3):196-199.
[7]李荣,梁太榕,陈晓军.18Ni Cr Mo5钢重载桥内齿轮渗碳淬火工艺优化及畸变控制[J].金属热处理,2016,41(8):154-156.Li Rong,Liang Tairong,Chen Xiaojun.Carburizing and quenching optimization of 18Ni Cr Mo5 steel internal gear ring and distortion control[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(8):154-156.
[8]任伟,张天德,吴国华,等.20Cr Mn Ti钢真空低压渗碳工艺及组织性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(16):187-190.Ren Wei,Zhang Tiande,Wu Guohua,et al.Study on microstructure and properties of 20Cr Mn Ti steel after vacuum carburizing[J].Hot Working Technology,2015,44(16):187-190.
[9]徐子健,魏绍鹏,周鹏,等.18Cr2Ni4WA钢真空渗碳后热处理工艺的优化[J].金属热处理,2014,39(9):32-35.Xu Zijian,Wei Shaopeng,Zhou Peng,et al.Optimization of heat treatment process after vacuum carburizing of 18Cr2Ni4WA steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2014,39(9):32-35.
[10]李树枫,谢宝海.1Cr17Ni2钢真空渗碳[J].金属热处理,2016,41(3):97-99.Li Shufeng,Xie Baohai.Vacuum carburizing of 1Cr17Ni2 steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(3):97-99.
[11]Zajusz M,Tkacz-Smiech K,Danielewski M.Modeling of vacuum pulse carburizing of steel[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2014,258:646-651.
[12]Piotr Kula,Konrad Dybowski,Emilia Wolowiec,et al.“Boostdiffusion”vacuum carburizing-Process optimization[J].Vacuum,2014,99:175-179.
[13]朱景文,廖日东.气体渗碳温度分布不均匀对碳溶度场的影响[J].金属热处理,2014,39(4):116-120.Zhu Jingwen,Liao Ridong.Effect of uneven temperature distribution on carbon concentration field in gas carburizing[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2014,39(4):116-120.
[14]刘博勋,张幸,顾剑锋.基于钢箔渗碳的碳传递系数的精确测定[J].金属热处理,2016,41(1):211-216.Liu Boxun,Zhang Xing,Gu Jianfeng.Accurate determination of carbon mass transfer coefficient based on steel foil carburization[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(1):211-216.
[15]周传久,张振国,戚瑞玮,等.固体渗碳碳势的探讨[J].材料热处理学报,1997,18(1):26-31.Zhou Chuanjiu,Zhang Zhenguo,Qi Ruiwei,et al.Discussion on carbon potential of solid carburizing[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,1997,18(1):26-31.
[16]石霖.合金热力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992:351-352.
[17]刘禹门.低碳马氏体经形变后的显微组织[J].材料热处理学报,1989,10(2):59-68.Liu Yumen.Microstructure in a low carbon deformed martensite[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,1989,10(2):59-68.
[18]GB/T 9450-2005.钢件渗碳淬火硬化层深度的测定和校核[S].北京,中国标准出版社,2005.
[19]胡庚祥,蔡珣,戎咏华.材料科学基础[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2010:151.
[20]李辉平,赵国群,贺连芳,等.基于有限元方法的渗碳浓度场数值模拟[J].金属热处理,2008,33(10):79-83.Li Huiping,Zhao Guoqun,He Lianfang,et al.Numerical simulation of carburizing concentration field using finite element method[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(10):79-83.
[21]马森林,高文栋,沈玉明.ECM低压真空渗碳技术应用研究与探讨[J].汽车工艺与材料,2004(8):27-30.Ma Senlin,Gao Wendong,Shen Yuming.Application researches and discussion on ECM low pressure vacuum carburizing technology[J].Automobile Technology&Material,2004(8):27-30.
[22]高金柱,王爱香,顾敏.高合金齿轮渗碳钢热处理工艺特性的研究现状[J].热处理技术与装备,2010,31(6):1-6.Gao Jinzhu,Wang Aixiang,Gu Min.Research on the properties of heat treatment technology for high-alloy carburizing gear steels[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2010,31(6):1-6.