倒锥壳式水塔结构多维地震易损性分析
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摘要
为了探究水塔结构的地震易损性及其薄弱位置,以便为水塔结构的设计及加固改造提供参考借鉴,以一现存水塔结构为原型,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了数值模型,选取了15条地震波对水塔结构模型分别进行了一维、二维和三维地震波作用下的增量动力分析,得到了水塔结构在不同维数地震波作用下的地震易损性曲线,比较了不同地震波维数对水塔结构地震易损性的影响,研究了水塔结构的倒塌安全储备状况.研究结果表明,在水塔所在8度抗震设防区域,多遇地震下水塔结构发生轻微损伤的概率均小于1%,发生更严重损伤的概率几乎为零;基本抗震设计加速度下,发生中等损伤的概率均小于1%;罕遇地震下,发生完全损伤的概率均小于2%,基本满足"小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒"的设计要求.不同维数地震波作用下的结构倒塌安全储备系数均小于2.3,倒塌安全储备不足;作用在结构上的地震维数越多,结构各级地震易损性概率越大,倒塌安全储备系数越小;本文中水塔结构易损位置为支筒底部及高6m附近.
In order to explore seismic vulnerability and weak position of the water tower and to provide a reference for design and retrofit,a numerical water tower model is established using finite element software ABAQUS,and 15 ground motions are selected to carry out the incremental dynamic analysis under one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic action.Then the seismic vulnerability curves of the water tower are established and effects caused by different dimensional ground motions on the seismic vulnerability of water tower structure are analyzed.Finally,the anti-collapse security reserve of the structure is assessed.The results show that at the 8-degree seismic fortification intensity where the water tower situated,the damage risk of the water tower structure is discussed under different multidimensional earthquakes.Under frequent earthquake scenarios,the probabilities of exceeding the light damage state are below 1% in all cases,and the probabilities of exceeding more serious injury are nearly zero;under standard earthquake scenarios,the probabilities of exceeding the moderate damage state are below 1% in all cases;under rare earthquake,the probabilities of exceeding the complete damage state are below 2% in all cases.The design of structure can satisfy the requirement of three-level seismic resistance.The structural collapse margin ratio under different multidimensional earthquakes is below 2.3 and it does not meet the specification requirements.As the earthquake dimension increases,the damage risk of the structure becomes high and the structural collapse margin ratio becomes low.The vulnerable position locates the bottom and 6 m high of the supporting tube.
In order to explore seismic vulnerability and weak position of the water tower and to provide a reference for design and retrofit,a numerical water tower model is established using finite element software ABAQUS,and 15 ground motions are selected to carry out the incremental dynamic analysis under one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic action.Then the seismic vulnerability curves of the water tower are established and effects caused by different dimensional ground motions on the seismic vulnerability of water tower structure are analyzed.Finally,the anti-collapse security reserve of the structure is assessed.The results show that at the 8-degree seismic fortification intensity where the water tower situated,the damage risk of the water tower structure is discussed under different multidimensional earthquakes.Under frequent earthquake scenarios,the probabilities of exceeding the light damage state are below 1% in all cases,and the probabilities of exceeding more serious injury are nearly zero;under standard earthquake scenarios,the probabilities of exceeding the moderate damage state are below 1% in all cases;under rare earthquake,the probabilities of exceeding the complete damage state are below 2% in all cases.The design of structure can satisfy the requirement of three-level seismic resistance.The structural collapse margin ratio under different multidimensional earthquakes is below 2.3 and it does not meet the specification requirements.As the earthquake dimension increases,the damage risk of the structure becomes high and the structural collapse margin ratio becomes low.The vulnerable position locates the bottom and 6 m high of the supporting tube.
引文
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[18] 吕西林,金国芳,吴晓涵.钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元理论与应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997 Lü Xilin,Jin Guofang,Wu Xiaohan.Nonlinear finite element theory and applications of reinforced concrete structures[M].Shanghai:Tong Ji University Press,1997
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[21] 田苗旺.多维地震下考虑土-结构相互作用的混凝土烟囱抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017 Tian Miaowang.Seismic behavior of the RC chimney under multi-dimensional earthquake considering soil-structure interaction[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017
[2] 周长东,陈静,曾绪朗,等.钢筋混凝土圆形空心高墩地震易损性分析[J].铁道工程学报,2014,31(11):65-71 Zhou Changdong,Chen Jing,Zeng,Xulang,et al.Evaluation of seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete circular hollow high-piers[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2014,31(11):65-71
[3] 曾绪朗.高耸钢筋混凝土烟囱结构抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014 Zeng Xulang.Study on seismic performance of high-rise reinforced concrete chimney structure[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014
[4] 陆新征,施炜,张万开,等.三维地震动输入对IDA倒塌易损性分析的影响[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2011,33(6):1-7 Lu Xinzheng,Shi Wei,Zhang Wankai,et al.Influence of three-dimensional ground motion input on IDA-based collapse fragility analysis[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2011,33(6):1-7
[5] 施炜,叶列平,陆新征,等.不同抗震设防RC框架结构抗倒塌能力的研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(3):41-48+68 Shi Wei,Ye Lieping,Lu Xinzheng,et al.Study on the collapse-resistant capacity of RC frames with different seismic fortification levels[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(3):41-48+68
[6] 施炜,陆新征,叶列平,等.建筑结构倒塌分析的单自由度模型[J].工程力学,2012,29(10):5-12 Shi Wei,Lu Xinzheng,Ye Lieping,et al.Single-degree-of-freedom hysteretic model for collapse analysis of building structures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(10):5-12
[7] 陆祝贤,吴轶,杨春,等.基于IDA的阀厅结构地震易损性分析[J].土木工程学报,2012,23(增1):263-267 Lu Zhuxian,Wu Yi,Yang Chun,et al.Seismic fragility analysis of valve hall structure based on IDA[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,23(S1):263-267
[8] Bhargava K,Ghosh A K,Ramanujam S.Seismic fragility analysis of a water storage structure[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2005,127(4):502-507
[9] 朱健.结构动力学原理与地震易损性分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2013 Zhu Jian.Structural dynamics and seismic fragility analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013
[10] Shome N,Cornell C A.Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structure[R].Report No.RMS-35,RMS Program.Stanford,CA:Stanford University,1999
[11] 构筑物抗震设计规范:GB50191—2012)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012 Code for seismic design of special structures(GB 50191-2012)[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2012
[12] ATC-63,Quantification of building seismic performance factors[S].ATC-63 Project Report(90% Draft),FEMA P695,2008
[13] ABAQUS analysis users' manual[Z].2010
[14] 林旭川,陆新征,缪志伟,等.基于分层壳单元的RC核心筒结构有限元分析和工程应用[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(3):49-74 Lin Xuchuan,Lu Xinzheng,Miao Zhiwei,et al.Finite element analysis and engineering application of RC core-tube structures based on the multi-layer shell elements[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(3):49-74
[15] 庄茁.ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2005 Zhuang Zhuo.Nonlinear finite element analysis and examples[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005
[16] 陆新征,叶列平,缪志伟,等.建筑抗震弹塑性分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009 Lu Xinzheng,Ye Lieping,Miao Zhiwei,et al.Elastic-plastic analysis of building against earthquake[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2009
[17] 王玉镯,傅传国.ABAQUS结构工程分析及实例详解[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010 Wang Yuzhuo,Fu Chuanguo.Detailed structural engineering analysis and examples of ABAQUS[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010
[18] 吕西林,金国芳,吴晓涵.钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元理论与应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997 Lü Xilin,Jin Guofang,Wu Xiaohan.Nonlinear finite element theory and applications of reinforced concrete structures[M].Shanghai:Tong Ji University Press,1997
[19] 建(构)筑物地震破坏等级划分:GB/T24335—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009 Classification of earthquake damage to buildings and special structures:GB/T24335—2009[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009
[20] Zhou Changdong,Zeng Xulang,Pan Qinglong,et al.Seismic fragility assessment of a tall reinforced concrete chimney[J].Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2015,24(6):440-460
[21] 田苗旺.多维地震下考虑土-结构相互作用的混凝土烟囱抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017 Tian Miaowang.Seismic behavior of the RC chimney under multi-dimensional earthquake considering soil-structure interaction[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017