2016年3月北疆一次暴雪天气过程诊断分析
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摘要
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和GPS—PWV遥感大气水汽探测等资料,对2016年3月3日北疆沿天山一带暴雪天气的环流演变、水汽和热动力等方面进行分析。结果表明:此次暴雪天气主要是受西西伯利亚大槽、高空急流、低空急流、低层风切变等影响系统的共同作用。天气发生前,低层受暖脊控制,850~500 h Pa之间大气垂直温度梯度大,大气层结热力不稳定。当强的低空西北急流将丰沛的水汽、能量带到暴雪区上空,通过天山地形的作用,在暴雪区上空产生了强烈的辐合抬升,有利于不稳定能量的释放。暴雪出现时,中高层辐散,低层辐合,使得上升运动旺盛,配合低空急流带来的充足的水汽,造成此次天气有降雪强度大、持续时间短等特点。通过对GPS—PWV大气水汽可降水量变化的分析,发现其对降雪的出现、结束时间和降雪量有较好的指示意义。
Based on the conventional surface and upper data,NCEP 1° ×1° reanalysis data and GPS—PWV data, the snowstorm in the northern Xinjiang along the Tianshan area on 3 rd March2016 was analyzed in terms of circulation evolution,water vapor and thermal dynamics.The results showed that:this process was affected by the west Siberian trough,upper-level jet,low-level jet,low-level wind shear line and other systems.In the early,the lower layer was controlled by warm ridge,the vertical gradient of atmospheric temperature between 850 h Pa and 500 h Pa was large,and the thermodynamic instability of the atmosphere was unstable. When the strong low-level northwest jet carried rich water vapor and energy to the snowstorm area,through the action of Tianshan Mountains topography,the atmosphere had a strong convergence and upward movement over the snowstorm area which made the unstable energy released.When snowstorm appeared,divergence occurred in the middle-level and upper-level,convergence occurred in the lower-level,that caused the rise was vigorous,with the low-level jet carried rich water vapor to the snowstorm area,which caused the snowstorm had the characteristics of heavy snowfall and short duration.Based on the analysis of the change of GPS-PWV, it was found that it had a good indication of the occurrence,end time and snowfall of snow process.
Based on the conventional surface and upper data,NCEP 1° ×1° reanalysis data and GPS—PWV data, the snowstorm in the northern Xinjiang along the Tianshan area on 3 rd March2016 was analyzed in terms of circulation evolution,water vapor and thermal dynamics.The results showed that:this process was affected by the west Siberian trough,upper-level jet,low-level jet,low-level wind shear line and other systems.In the early,the lower layer was controlled by warm ridge,the vertical gradient of atmospheric temperature between 850 h Pa and 500 h Pa was large,and the thermodynamic instability of the atmosphere was unstable. When the strong low-level northwest jet carried rich water vapor and energy to the snowstorm area,through the action of Tianshan Mountains topography,the atmosphere had a strong convergence and upward movement over the snowstorm area which made the unstable energy released.When snowstorm appeared,divergence occurred in the middle-level and upper-level,convergence occurred in the lower-level,that caused the rise was vigorous,with the low-level jet carried rich water vapor to the snowstorm area,which caused the snowstorm had the characteristics of heavy snowfall and short duration.Based on the analysis of the change of GPS-PWV, it was found that it had a good indication of the occurrence,end time and snowfall of snow process.
引文
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[21]赵俊荣,杨雪,蔺喜禄,等.一次致灾大暴雪的多尺度系统配置及落区分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):201-210.
[22]庄晓翠,覃家秀,李博渊.2014年新疆西部一次暴雪天气的中尺度特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):326-334.
[23]李圆圆,肖开提·多莱特,杨莲梅,等.一次中亚低涡造成的新疆暴雪天气过程分析[J].气象科学,2014,34(3):299-304.
[24]张俊兰,万瑜,闵月.乌鲁木齐“2015.12.11”极端暴雪天气的综合分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(1):1-10.
[25]杨莲梅,王世杰,史玉光,等.乌鲁木齐夏季强降水过程GPS-PWV的演变特征[J].高原气象,2012,31(5):1348-1355.
[26]张云惠,于碧馨,谭艳梅,等.乌鲁木齐一次极端暴雪事件中尺度分析[J].气象科技,2016,44(3):430-438.
[2]赵桂香,杜莉,范卫东,等.山西省大雪天气的分析预报[J].高原气象,2011,30(3):727-738.
[3]周倩,王式功,尚可政,等.2008年青藏高原东部一次区域暴雪过程及气候背景分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(1):22-29.
[4]裴宇杰,王福侠,张迎新,等.2009年晚秋河北特大暴雪多普勒雷达特征分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(4):1110-1118.
[5]郑婧,许爱华,刘波,等.江西大雪天气的时空变化及其影响系统分析[J].气象,2010,36(4):30-36.
[6]闫慧,赵桂香,张朝明,等.山西中部一次暴雪天气过程分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(5):838-844.
[7]冀兰芝,全志伟,宋琳琳,等.甘肃东部一次暴雪过程的诊断分析和数值模拟[J].干旱气象,2014,32(5):845-850.
[8]段宇辉,王文,田志广,等.华北北部相似形势下的两次雨转暴雪过程对比[J].干旱气象,2013,31(4):784-789.
[9]张彩英.基于风廓线雷达资料的暴雪天气过程分析[J].气象与环境科学;2016,39(4):80-85.
[10]周雪松,杨成芳,孙兴池.两次早春暴雪过程的对比分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(2):446-455.
[11]杨晓霞,吴炜,万明波,等.山东省两次暴雪天气的对比分析[J].气象,2012,38(7):868-876.
[12]闫琦,温敏,陆井龙,等.两次引发辽宁暴雪过程低涡的动力发展机制[J].气象,2016,42(4):406-414.
[13]张萍萍,吴翠红,祁海霞,等.2013年湖北两次降雪过程对比分析[J].气象,2015,41(4):418-426.
[14]申李文,苗爱梅,赵建峰.2011年山西省一次连续性降雪过程成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2013,36(1):7-14.
[15]张家宝,邓子风.新疆降水概论[M].北京:气象出版社,1987.
[16]《新疆短期天气预报指导手册》编写组.新疆短期天气预报指导手册[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1986:218-267.
[17]杨莲梅,刘雯.新疆北部持续性暴雪过程成因分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(2):207-519.
[18]张俊兰,崔彩霞,陈春艳.北疆典型暴雪天气的水汽特征研究[J].高原气象,2013,32(4):1115-1125.
[19]杨莲梅,杨涛,贾丽红,等.新疆大-暴雪气候特征及其水汽分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(3):389-396.
[20]杨莲梅,史玉光,汤浩.新疆春季降水异常的环流和水汽特征[J].高原气象,2010,29(6):1464-1473.
[21]赵俊荣,杨雪,蔺喜禄,等.一次致灾大暴雪的多尺度系统配置及落区分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):201-210.
[22]庄晓翠,覃家秀,李博渊.2014年新疆西部一次暴雪天气的中尺度特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):326-334.
[23]李圆圆,肖开提·多莱特,杨莲梅,等.一次中亚低涡造成的新疆暴雪天气过程分析[J].气象科学,2014,34(3):299-304.
[24]张俊兰,万瑜,闵月.乌鲁木齐“2015.12.11”极端暴雪天气的综合分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(1):1-10.
[25]杨莲梅,王世杰,史玉光,等.乌鲁木齐夏季强降水过程GPS-PWV的演变特征[J].高原气象,2012,31(5):1348-1355.
[26]张云惠,于碧馨,谭艳梅,等.乌鲁木齐一次极端暴雪事件中尺度分析[J].气象科技,2016,44(3):430-438.