湖南岳阳一次重度霾过程近地层物理量场异常特征分析
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摘要
利用杭瑞高速公路洞庭湖大桥北岸测风塔的梯度风观测资料、三维超声风温仪资料以及岳阳气象站提供的逐小时气溶胶浓度和能见度观测资料,对湖南岳阳2017年1月28日的一次重度霾天气中的重污染过程的近地层物理量变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)重污染来临前约130 min即28日01:50(北京时间,下同),水平风速、垂直风速、高低层风切变都出现零值,大气处于静稳状态。重污染结束前180 min即28日09:00,上述物理量和高低层温度切变出现零值。(2)湍流强度在重污染来临前有强烈异常信号,其中水平纵向湍流强度异常信号最明显,于重污染发生前130 min出现异常峰值4.15,重污染结束前180 min出现异常峰值3.24。(3)湍流动能和动量通量都在重污染来临前130 min接近0.0 m~2/s~2,即湍流交换最弱,有利于污染物在近地面的持续堆积和重污染过程的发生。近地层的平均物理量和湍流特征量的异常信号的出现时间有较好的一致性,即出现在重污染来临前的130 min和结束前的180 min。揭示了重度霾污染天气的近地层物理量时间变化规律,着重分析了霾污染的生成、发展、消亡全过程的边界层湍流异常的前期信号,为深入认识霾污染天气进行有益的探索并为这类天气的预测预警提供科学依据。
Using 3D ultrasound anemometer data and aerosol data, several conclusions have been reached based on the analysis of wind field and turbulence variation characteristics in the near surface layer in Yueyang during a severe haze process on 28 January 2017. Major conclusions are as follows.(1) The horizontal wind speed, vertical wind speed, and wind shear all are zero at about 130 minutes ahead of the occurrence of the heavy pollution process(at 0150 LST 28 January), and the atmosphere remained in stable condition.(2) The turbulent intensity(I_v) exhibited an abnormal signal before the starting and ending of the heavy pollution. The abnormal value of I_v was 4.15 at 130 minutes ahead of the beginning of the heavy pollution and the value was 3.24 at 180 minutes ahead of the ending of the heavy pollution(at 0900 LST 28 January).(3) The turbulent kinetic energy and momentum flux decreased to 0.0 m~2/s~2 at 130 minutes ahead of the occurrence of the heavy pollution. There is a good agreement between the occurrence time of the anomalous signals of turbulence and average physical quantities. This paper is focused on the analysis of abnormal characteristics of boundary layer turbulence during the formation, development and dissipation of the severe haze. The abnormal signals of the occurrence and dissipation of the severe haze are detected through the above analysis. The aim of this paper is to get a better understanding of severe haze weather and provide scientific basis for its prediction.
Using 3D ultrasound anemometer data and aerosol data, several conclusions have been reached based on the analysis of wind field and turbulence variation characteristics in the near surface layer in Yueyang during a severe haze process on 28 January 2017. Major conclusions are as follows.(1) The horizontal wind speed, vertical wind speed, and wind shear all are zero at about 130 minutes ahead of the occurrence of the heavy pollution process(at 0150 LST 28 January), and the atmosphere remained in stable condition.(2) The turbulent intensity(I_v) exhibited an abnormal signal before the starting and ending of the heavy pollution. The abnormal value of I_v was 4.15 at 130 minutes ahead of the beginning of the heavy pollution and the value was 3.24 at 180 minutes ahead of the ending of the heavy pollution(at 0900 LST 28 January).(3) The turbulent kinetic energy and momentum flux decreased to 0.0 m~2/s~2 at 130 minutes ahead of the occurrence of the heavy pollution. There is a good agreement between the occurrence time of the anomalous signals of turbulence and average physical quantities. This paper is focused on the analysis of abnormal characteristics of boundary layer turbulence during the formation, development and dissipation of the severe haze. The abnormal signals of the occurrence and dissipation of the severe haze are detected through the above analysis. The aim of this paper is to get a better understanding of severe haze weather and provide scientific basis for its prediction.
引文
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王林,覃军,陈正洪,等.2010.鄂东两次暴雨前后近地层物理量场异常特征分析[J].气象,36(12):28-34.Wang Lin,Qin Jun,Chen Zhenghong,et al.2010.Study on the abnormal characteristics of physical quantity fields at the near surface layer for two rainstorm processes in Huangshi of eastern Hubei[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),36(12):28-34,doi:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2010.12.004.
王寅钧,徐祥德,赵天良,等.2015.青藏高原东南缘边界层对流与湍能结构特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,45(6):843-855.Wang Yanjun,Xu Xiangde,Zhao Tianliang,et al.2015.Structures of convection and turbulent kinetic energy in boundary layer over the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,58(7):1198-1209,doi:10.1007/s11430-015-5054-1.
谢真珍,范秀莲,王月林,等.2015.淮安地区一次持续性雾霾过程阶段性特征及影响因子分析[J].气象与环境学报,31(5):79-85.Xie Zhenzhen,Fan Xiulian,Wang Yuelin,et al.2015.Phase characteristics of a persistent fog and haze process and its influencing factors in Huaian area[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment(in Chinese),31(5):79-85,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2015.05.011.
Xu Y L,Zhan S.2001.Field measurements of Di Wang Tower during Typhoon York[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,89(1):73-93,doi:10.1016/S0167-6105(00)00029-5.
张光智,卞林根,王继志,等.2005.北京及周边地区雾形成的边界层特征[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,35(S1):73-83.Zhang Guangzhi,Bian Lingen,Wang Jizhi,et al.2005.Boundary layer characteristics of fog formation in Beijing and its surrounding areas[J].Science in china Ser.D Earth Science,35(S1):73-83,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7240.2005.z1.007.
张南,熊黑钢,葛秀秀,等.2016.北京市冬季雾霾天人体呼吸高度PM2.5变化特征对气象因素的响应[J].环境科学,37(7):2419-2427.Zhang Nan,Xiong Heigang,Ge Xiuxiu,et al.2016.Response of human respiratory height PM2.5 variation characteristics to meteorological factors during winter haze days in Beijing[J].Environmental Science(in Chinese),37(7):2419-2427,doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.07.002.
Zhao D L,Ma X,Liu B,et al.2013.Rainfall effect on wind waves and the turbulence beneath air-sea interface[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(11):10-20,doi:10.1007/s13131-013-0372-7.
Zhu P,Zhang J A,Masters F J.2010.Wavelet analyses of turbulence in the hurricane surface layer during landfalls[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,67(12):3793-3805,doi:10.1175/2010JAS3437.1.
陈瑞敏,吴雁,康文英,等.2014.连续雾霾天气污染物浓度变化及天气形势特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,19(2):209-218.Chen Ruimin,Wu Yan,Kang Wenying,et al.2014.Analysis of pollutant concentrations and characteristics of continuous smoggy weather[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),19(2):209-218,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2014.13156.
Ding A J,Huang X,Nie W,et al.2016.Enhanced haze pollution by black carbon in megacities in China[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,43(6):2873-2879,doi:10.1002/2016GL067745.
段云霞,李得勤,田莉,等.2016.沈阳市一次持续性重污染天气过程特征分析[J].干旱气象,34(5):803-810.Duan Yunxia,Li Deqin,Tian Li,et al.2016.Characteristic analysis of a continuous and serious pollution weather process in Shenyang[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology(in Chinese),34(5):803-810,doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2016)-05-0803.
郭建侠,卞林根,戴永久.2007.在华北玉米生育期观测的16 m高度CO2浓度及通量特征[J].大气科学,31(4):695-707.Guo Jianxia,Bian Lingen,Dai Yongjiu.2007.Measured CO2 concentration and flux at16 m height during corn growing period on the North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),31(4):695-707,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.04.14.
何建军,吴琳,毛洪钧,等.2016.气象条件对河北廊坊城市空气质量的影响[J].环境科学研究,29(6):791-799.He Jianjun,Wu Lin,Mao Hongjun,et al.2016.Impacts of meteorological conditions on air quality in urban Langfang,Hebei Province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences(in Chinese),29(6):791-799,doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2016.06.02.
H?gstr?m U.1988.Non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric surface layer:A re-evaluation[J].Bound.-Layer Meteor.,42(1-2):55-78,doi:10.1007/BF00119875.
刘俊丽.2007.塔科马(Tacoma)桥风振致毁[J].力学与实践,(1):13.Liu Junli.2007.The ruin of Tacoma by wind vibration[J].Mechanics in Engineering(in Chinese),(1):13.
庞加斌,宋丽莉,林志兴,等.2006.风的湍流特性两种分析方法的比较及其应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),34(1):27-32.Pang Jiabin,Song Lili,Lin Zhixing,et al.2006.Comparison and application of two methods for analyzing the turbulence characteristics of wind[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),34(1):27-32,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-374X.2006.01.006.
盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.2013.大气物理学[M].2版.北京:北京大学出版社.236-237.Sheng Peixuan,Mao Jietai,Li Jianguo,et al.2013.Atmospheric Physics(in Chinese)[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Press.236-237
宋明,韩素芹,张敏,等.2013.天津大气能见度与相对湿度和PM10及PM2.5的关系[J].气象与环境学报,29(2):34-41.Song Ming,Han Suqin,Zhang Min,et al.2013.Relationship between visibility and relative humidity,PM10,PM2.5 in Tianjin[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment(in Chinese),29(2):34-41,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2013.02.006.
孙家仁,许振成,刘煜,等.2011.气候变化对环境空气质量影响的研究进展[J].气候与环境研究,16(6):805-814.Sun Jiaren,Xu Zhencheng,Liu Yu,et al.2011.Advances in the effect of climate change on air quality[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),16(6):805-814,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2011.06.15.
王继志,杨元琴,周春红,等.2007.雾霾低能见度天气分析与预测方法研究[C]//2007年中国气象学会年会论文集.广州:中国气象学会.Wang Jizhi,Yang Yuanqin,Zhou Chunhong,et al.2007.Research on analysis and prediction method of the fog and low visibility weather[C]//Annual Meeting of Chinese Meteorological Society(in Chinese).Guangzhou:Chinese Meteorological Society.
王林,覃军,陈正洪.2011.一次暴雪过程前后近地层物理量场特征分析[J].大气科学学报,34(3):305-311.Wang Lin,Qin Jun,Chen Zhenghong.2011.A case study on the characteristics of the physical quantity fields on the near-surface layer during a snowstorm process[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),34(3):305-311,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2011.03.006.
王林,覃军,陈正洪,等.2010.鄂东两次暴雨前后近地层物理量场异常特征分析[J].气象,36(12):28-34.Wang Lin,Qin Jun,Chen Zhenghong,et al.2010.Study on the abnormal characteristics of physical quantity fields at the near surface layer for two rainstorm processes in Huangshi of eastern Hubei[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),36(12):28-34,doi:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2010.12.004.
王寅钧,徐祥德,赵天良,等.2015.青藏高原东南缘边界层对流与湍能结构特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,45(6):843-855.Wang Yanjun,Xu Xiangde,Zhao Tianliang,et al.2015.Structures of convection and turbulent kinetic energy in boundary layer over the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,58(7):1198-1209,doi:10.1007/s11430-015-5054-1.
谢真珍,范秀莲,王月林,等.2015.淮安地区一次持续性雾霾过程阶段性特征及影响因子分析[J].气象与环境学报,31(5):79-85.Xie Zhenzhen,Fan Xiulian,Wang Yuelin,et al.2015.Phase characteristics of a persistent fog and haze process and its influencing factors in Huaian area[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment(in Chinese),31(5):79-85,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2015.05.011.
Xu Y L,Zhan S.2001.Field measurements of Di Wang Tower during Typhoon York[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,89(1):73-93,doi:10.1016/S0167-6105(00)00029-5.
张光智,卞林根,王继志,等.2005.北京及周边地区雾形成的边界层特征[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,35(S1):73-83.Zhang Guangzhi,Bian Lingen,Wang Jizhi,et al.2005.Boundary layer characteristics of fog formation in Beijing and its surrounding areas[J].Science in china Ser.D Earth Science,35(S1):73-83,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7240.2005.z1.007.
张南,熊黑钢,葛秀秀,等.2016.北京市冬季雾霾天人体呼吸高度PM2.5变化特征对气象因素的响应[J].环境科学,37(7):2419-2427.Zhang Nan,Xiong Heigang,Ge Xiuxiu,et al.2016.Response of human respiratory height PM2.5 variation characteristics to meteorological factors during winter haze days in Beijing[J].Environmental Science(in Chinese),37(7):2419-2427,doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.07.002.
Zhao D L,Ma X,Liu B,et al.2013.Rainfall effect on wind waves and the turbulence beneath air-sea interface[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(11):10-20,doi:10.1007/s13131-013-0372-7.
Zhu P,Zhang J A,Masters F J.2010.Wavelet analyses of turbulence in the hurricane surface layer during landfalls[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,67(12):3793-3805,doi:10.1175/2010JAS3437.1.