摘要
高速列车会车时的压力波会对线路两侧的风障产生气动冲击作用,有可能导致风障的结构失稳,给列车运行带来安全隐患。采用能真实模拟列车运动的嵌套网格方法以及保留开孔特性的腔室耗能型风障,以某CRH型车为研究对象,计算了不同列车车速和不同横风风速下单侧风障内列车交会对风障的冲击过程。研究结果表明:高速列车行驶过程中,由于其高速运动对周边空气的排挤以及尾部气流的补充,在车身附近形成"正-负-负-正"4个压力波;会车过程中,两列车的压力波相互叠加耦合并作用在线路一侧的风障上;随着车速的增大,压力波极值增大,换向时间减小,变化率增大;随着风速的增大,横风作用与列车风作用相互耦合,放大了风障内侧的负压值;压力波正压峰值在车体长度范围之外,负压峰值在车体长度范围之内,头车正压波峰距头车鼻锥处距离最近;在横风作用下,列车风压力峰值会向后移动。
The pressure pulse caused by high‐speed trains passing each other produces aerodynamic impact on the windbreak, that may result in structural instability of the windbreak and bring security risks to the train. Taking CRH3 as the research object, the pressure pulse on windbreak impacting by different wind speed and different train speed were studied by simulation. In the simulation, the overset mesh method,which can simulate the real train movement, and the chamber energy dissipation windbreak, which retains the hole characteristics, are used. The results show that the pressure pulse around high‐speed train presents"positive‐negative‐negative‐positive"trend. The pressure pulses of two trains couple with each other and act on the windbreak on the side of the line. With the train speed increasing, the pressure extremum increases, the commutation time reduces and the rate of change increases. With the wind speed increasing,the cross-wind coupling with the train wind amplifies the negative pressure inside the windbreak. The positive pressure extremum is outside the length of the train and the negative pressure extremum is inside the length of the train. The position of the positive pressure extremum is nearest to the nose cone of the head train. The pressure extremum will move backward under cross‐wind.
引文
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