横风下高速列车会车压力波对风障的气动冲击
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摘要
高速列车会车时的压力波会对线路两侧的风障产生气动冲击作用,有可能导致风障的结构失稳,给列车运行带来安全隐患。采用能真实模拟列车运动的嵌套网格方法以及保留开孔特性的腔室耗能型风障,以某CRH型车为研究对象,计算了不同列车车速和不同横风风速下单侧风障内列车交会对风障的冲击过程。研究结果表明:高速列车行驶过程中,由于其高速运动对周边空气的排挤以及尾部气流的补充,在车身附近形成"正-负-负-正"4个压力波;会车过程中,两列车的压力波相互叠加耦合并作用在线路一侧的风障上;随着车速的增大,压力波极值增大,换向时间减小,变化率增大;随着风速的增大,横风作用与列车风作用相互耦合,放大了风障内侧的负压值;压力波正压峰值在车体长度范围之外,负压峰值在车体长度范围之内,头车正压波峰距头车鼻锥处距离最近;在横风作用下,列车风压力峰值会向后移动。
The pressure pulse caused by high‐speed trains passing each other produces aerodynamic impact on the windbreak, that may result in structural instability of the windbreak and bring security risks to the train. Taking CRH3 as the research object, the pressure pulse on windbreak impacting by different wind speed and different train speed were studied by simulation. In the simulation, the overset mesh method,which can simulate the real train movement, and the chamber energy dissipation windbreak, which retains the hole characteristics, are used. The results show that the pressure pulse around high‐speed train presents"positive‐negative‐negative‐positive"trend. The pressure pulses of two trains couple with each other and act on the windbreak on the side of the line. With the train speed increasing, the pressure extremum increases, the commutation time reduces and the rate of change increases. With the wind speed increasing,the cross-wind coupling with the train wind amplifies the negative pressure inside the windbreak. The positive pressure extremum is outside the length of the train and the negative pressure extremum is inside the length of the train. The position of the positive pressure extremum is nearest to the nose cone of the head train. The pressure extremum will move backward under cross‐wind.
The pressure pulse caused by high‐speed trains passing each other produces aerodynamic impact on the windbreak, that may result in structural instability of the windbreak and bring security risks to the train. Taking CRH3 as the research object, the pressure pulse on windbreak impacting by different wind speed and different train speed were studied by simulation. In the simulation, the overset mesh method,which can simulate the real train movement, and the chamber energy dissipation windbreak, which retains the hole characteristics, are used. The results show that the pressure pulse around high‐speed train presents"positive‐negative‐negative‐positive"trend. The pressure pulses of two trains couple with each other and act on the windbreak on the side of the line. With the train speed increasing, the pressure extremum increases, the commutation time reduces and the rate of change increases. With the wind speed increasing,the cross-wind coupling with the train wind amplifies the negative pressure inside the windbreak. The positive pressure extremum is outside the length of the train and the negative pressure extremum is inside the length of the train. The position of the positive pressure extremum is nearest to the nose cone of the head train. The pressure extremum will move backward under cross‐wind.
引文
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[2]Liu J L.Computations of two passingby highspeed trains by a relaxation oversetgrid algorithm[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids,2004,44(12):12991315.
[3]Bourdin P,Wilson J D.Windbreak aerodynamics:is computational fluid dynamics reliable[J].BoundaryLayer Meteorology,2008,126(2):181208.
[4]李人宪,赵晶,刘杰,等.高速列车会车压力波对侧窗的影响[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(4):8792.Li Renxian,Zhao Jing,Liu Jie,et al.Influence of air pressure pulse on side windows of highspeed trains passing each other[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(4):8792.
[5]刘小燕,陈春俊,何洪阳.高速列车隧道会车时气动载荷的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2014(11):161164.Liu Xiaoyan,Chen Chunjun,He Hongyang.Study on aerodynamic loads of highspeed train crossing through a tunnel[J].Machinery Design and Manufacture,2014(11):161164.
[6]许建林,孙建成,梅元贵,等.高速列车隧道内交会压力波基本特性数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(3):184191.Xu Jianlin,Sun Jiancheng,Mei Yuangui,et al.Numerical simulation on crossing pressure wave characteristics of two highspeed trains in tunnel[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(3):184191.
[7]郗艳红,毛军,柳润东,等.高速列车明线会车压力波波幅研究[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(3):118127.Xi Yanhong,Mao Jun,Liu Rundong,et al.Study on aerodynamic loads of highspeed train crossing through a tunnel[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2016,44(3):118127.
[8]何旭辉,邹云峰,杜风宇.风屏障对高架桥上列车气动特性影响机理分析[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(3):6671.He Xuhui,Zou Yunfeng,Du Fengyu.Mechanism analysis of wind barrier's effects on aerodynamic characteristics of a train on viaduct[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(3):6671.
[9]刘峰,姚松,张洁,等.动车组横风环境下的交会气动效应[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(1):307313.Liu Feng,Yao Song,Zhang Jie,et al.Aerodynamic effect of EMU passing by each other under crosswind[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology)2016,47(1):307313.
[10]李波,杨庆山,冯少华.防风栅对高速列车挡风作用的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2015,32(12):249256.Li Bo,Yang Qingshan,Feng Shaohua.Windbreak performance of wind fence on high speed train based on numerical simulation[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(12):249256.
[11]Khier W,Breuer M,Durst F.Flow structure around trains under side wind conditions:A numerical study[J].Computers and Fluids,2000,29(2):179195.
[12]毛军,郗艳红,高亮,等.腔室耗能型高速铁路风障的减载抗风性能[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(4):99106.Mao Jun,Xi Yanhong,Gao Liang,et al.Wind resistance performance of the windbreak with air chambers dissipating energy applied in highspeed railway[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(4):99106.
[13]王福军.计算流体动力学分析CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[14]毛军,郗艳红,杨国伟.侧风风场特征对高速列车气动性能作用的研究[J].铁道学报,2011,33(4):2230.Mao Jun,Xi Yanhong,Yang Guowei.Research on influence of characteristics of cross wind field on aerodynamic performance of a highspeed train[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2011,33(4):2230.