角木塘水电站非完全宽尾墩联合消能试验研究
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摘要
角木塘电站最大单宽下泄流量达到211.2(m3/s)·m,溢流堰前后最小水头差H仅有5.39m,属于典型的大单宽泄流量、低水头闸坝工程,此类工程往往具有低佛氏数、下游深尾水以及消力池内消能不充分等问题.结合物理模型试验,针对原跌坎消力池内尾水较深、入池水流剪切、摩擦紊动不足、消能效果较差等问题,提出趾墩等常规消能工以及非完全宽尾墩联合辅助消能工,并得出以下结论:非完全宽尾墩利用相邻闸室非对称挑射水舌,增强入池水流横向扩散,加剧消力池内水流紊动,有效调整消力池内下泄水流流场分布,明显消除原设计方案出池水流二次水跃,出池流速由原设计方案7.23m/s降低至4.43m/s,校核工况及常遇工况消能率由原设计方案的9.03%和33.03%分别提升至20.47%和58.75%.该方案能取得良好的水流流态和消能效果,可为类似低水头、大单宽流量工程提供参考.
Located in the downstream of Furongjiang River,Jiaomutang hydropower station is the typical large unit discharge,and low head discharging project with maxim large unit discharge 211.2 m3/s·m and minimum head difference 5.39 m,and such projects often have obvious characteristics with low Froude number,deep tail water and insufficient energy dissipation.Aiming at the inadequate shear and friction in the stilling basin,this paper,by means of physical model test,comparing a series of conventional energy dissipator and proposed incompletely flaring gate pier,which made use of asymmetric water jets in the adjacent chamber to increase lateral diffusion and adjust velocity distribution in the stilling basin.Well flow pattern and energy dissipation effect are achieved with flow rate reducing from 7.75 m/s to 5.2 m/s in the outlet of stilling basin and energy dissipation rate of checking flood conditions and regular flood conditions respectively rising from 9.03%and 33.03%to 20.47%and 58.75%.
Located in the downstream of Furongjiang River,Jiaomutang hydropower station is the typical large unit discharge,and low head discharging project with maxim large unit discharge 211.2 m3/s·m and minimum head difference 5.39 m,and such projects often have obvious characteristics with low Froude number,deep tail water and insufficient energy dissipation.Aiming at the inadequate shear and friction in the stilling basin,this paper,by means of physical model test,comparing a series of conventional energy dissipator and proposed incompletely flaring gate pier,which made use of asymmetric water jets in the adjacent chamber to increase lateral diffusion and adjust velocity distribution in the stilling basin.Well flow pattern and energy dissipation effect are achieved with flow rate reducing from 7.75 m/s to 5.2 m/s in the outlet of stilling basin and energy dissipation rate of checking flood conditions and regular flood conditions respectively rising from 9.03%and 33.03%to 20.47%and 58.75%.
引文
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[12]张洛,后小霞,杨具瑞.边宽尾墩体型对边墙区域水流水力特性的影响研究[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(1):85-92.Zhang Luo,Hou Xiaoxia,Yang Jurui.Study on impact of flaring gate pier shape on hydraulic characteristics of flow in sidewall region[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(1):85-92.
[13]尹进步,梁宗祥,龚红林.X宽尾墩应用与发展的试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2007,26(4):36-39.Yin jinbu,Liang Zongxiang,Gong honglin.Experimental study on application&development of X type flaring gate piers[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2007,26(4):36-39.
[14]李中枢,潘艳华,韩连超,等.宽尾墩联合消能工体型选择及水力特性的研究[J].水科学进展,2000,11(1):82-87.Li Zhongshu,Pan Yanhau,Han Lianchao,et al.Hydraulics of stilling basin with flaring gate piers[J].Advances in Water Science,2000,11(1):82-87.
[2] Khatsuria R M.Discussion:Dispersive-flow energy dissipator[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1996,122(6):361.
[3] Tiwaria H L,Goelb A,Sureshc S,et al.Effect of inverted T-shape splitter blocks on the performance of stilling Basin Models[C]//International Conference on Water Resources,Coastal and Ocean,2015:1561-1568.
[4]杨凡,王均星,陈帅,等.低弗劳德数水流辅助消能工空蚀问题研究[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(2):125-129.Yang Fan,Wang Junxing,Chen Shuai,et al.Study on cavitation damages of supplementary dissipater under low-Froude-number flows[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(2):125-129.
[5] Wang Bo,Wu Chao,Hu Yaohua,et al.Relationship of first step height,step slope and cavity in X-shaped flaring gate piers[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2007,19(3):349-355.
[6] Zhang Ting,Wu Chao,Liao Huasheng,et al.3Dnumerical simulation on water and air two-phase flows of the steps and flaring gate pier[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2005,17(3):338-343.
[7] Li Naiwen,Liu Chao,Deng Jun,et al.Theoretical and experimental studies of the flaring gate on the surface spillway in a high-arch dam[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2012,24(4):496-505.
[8]倪汉根.宽尾墩-消力池的简化计算方法[J].水利学报,1998,(6):19-24.Ni Hangen.A simplified hydraulic calculation method for flaring gate pier-stilling basin[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1998,(6):19-24.
[9]尹进步,梁宗祥,龚红林.宽尾墩三元水跃特性试验研究[J].水利学报,2011,41(11):1333-1338.Yin jinbu,Liang Zongxiang,Gong Honglin.Experimental study on flow characteristics of 3D hydraulic jump of flaring gate piers[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,41(11):1333-1338.
[10]苏沛兰,廖华胜,李天翔,等.浅水垫消力池水力特性试验[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(2):35-41.Su Peilan,Liao Huasheng,Li Tianxiang,et al.Experimental investigation on hydraulic properties in stilling basin with shallow-water cushion[J].Journal of Sichuang University(Engneering Science Edition),2009,41(2):35-41.
[11]王均星,朱祖国,陈利强.消力池内辅助消能工对水跃消能效率的影响[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2011,44(11):40-43.Wang Junxing,Zhu Zuguo,Chen Liqiang.Influence of auxiliary energy dissipater in stilling basin on efficiency of energy dissipatibn in hydraulic jump[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(11):40-43.
[12]张洛,后小霞,杨具瑞.边宽尾墩体型对边墙区域水流水力特性的影响研究[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(1):85-92.Zhang Luo,Hou Xiaoxia,Yang Jurui.Study on impact of flaring gate pier shape on hydraulic characteristics of flow in sidewall region[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(1):85-92.
[13]尹进步,梁宗祥,龚红林.X宽尾墩应用与发展的试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2007,26(4):36-39.Yin jinbu,Liang Zongxiang,Gong honglin.Experimental study on application&development of X type flaring gate piers[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2007,26(4):36-39.
[14]李中枢,潘艳华,韩连超,等.宽尾墩联合消能工体型选择及水力特性的研究[J].水科学进展,2000,11(1):82-87.Li Zhongshu,Pan Yanhau,Han Lianchao,et al.Hydraulics of stilling basin with flaring gate piers[J].Advances in Water Science,2000,11(1):82-87.