西宁至成都铁路弱胶结地层结构特征及水稳性评价研究
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摘要
西宁至成都铁路拉脊山越岭段南、北麓广泛分布第三系、白垩系含水弱胶结地层,研究地层结构、评价其水稳性成为勘察阶段需要解决的难点。通过系列地表调查、钻探、颗粒分析、黏土矿物含量测定、现场浸水试验等,在考虑地层赋水特性下,对各套地层岩性进行工程水稳性综合评价研究。研究表明:第三系贵德组、白垩系民和组砂、砾岩属弱胶结,黏粒含量以伊/蒙混层为主,水稳性极差,建议线路尽量绕避;西宁盆地、化隆盆地中心均具备形成承压水的条件,建议线路选择尽量走行于盆地边缘,降低承压水头高度或绕避承压水对隧道工程的影响。
Wide distribution of weakly cemented stratigraphies of Tertiary and Cretaceous has been discovered in the southern and northern slopes of La Ridge Mountain where the Xining-Chengdu Railway is located.Through a series of surface investigation,drilling,granulometric analysis,clay mineral testing and field submerging test,detailed study and comprehensive evaluation on the water stability of the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata are conducted with the consideration of the strata water-bearing capability.The study reveals that the cementations of the sandstone and conglomerate strata of the Guide formation of Tertiary and the Minhe formation of Cretaceous are weak,and the clay minerals in these layers are mainly interlayed illite/smectite with extremely poor water stability.Thus,passing round these areas as much as possible are recommended in the route design.As confined water is well developed in the centers of the Xining and Hualong Basins,it is suggested that the line should be possibly passing along the edge of the basin so as to reduce the height of the confined water head or avoid its influence on the tunnel project.
Wide distribution of weakly cemented stratigraphies of Tertiary and Cretaceous has been discovered in the southern and northern slopes of La Ridge Mountain where the Xining-Chengdu Railway is located.Through a series of surface investigation,drilling,granulometric analysis,clay mineral testing and field submerging test,detailed study and comprehensive evaluation on the water stability of the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata are conducted with the consideration of the strata water-bearing capability.The study reveals that the cementations of the sandstone and conglomerate strata of the Guide formation of Tertiary and the Minhe formation of Cretaceous are weak,and the clay minerals in these layers are mainly interlayed illite/smectite with extremely poor water stability.Thus,passing round these areas as much as possible are recommended in the route design.As confined water is well developed in the centers of the Xining and Hualong Basins,it is suggested that the line should be possibly passing along the edge of the basin so as to reduce the height of the confined water head or avoid its influence on the tunnel project.
引文
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[2]青海省地质局.1∶20万乐都幅地质图说明书[Z].西宁:青海省地质局,1965.
[3]李回贵,李化敏,汪华君,等.弱胶结砂岩的物理力学特征及定义[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(10):1-7.
[4]甄秉国.兰渝铁路特殊复杂地质环境及特征研究[J].铁道标准设计,2013(4):1-4.
[5]王秀英,谭忠盛,王永红,等.兰渝铁路含水弱胶结砂岩隧道地层特性试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(S1):191-195.
[6]曹峰.兰州第三系砂岩水稳性特征隧道施工研究[J].铁道工程学报,2012,29(12):21-25,31.
[7]王建军.兰渝铁路上第三系弱胶结砂岩软化与变形机理探究[J].工程地质学报,2013. 21(5):716-721.
[8]高勤运.兰渝铁路隧道第三系砂岩含水率与围岩稳定性关系研究[J].铁道建筑,2015(3):62-64.
[9]徐志平.兰渝铁路胡麻岭隧道第三系含水粉砂岩地表降水试验研究[J].隧道建设,2015,35(5):428-434.
[10]李国良.兰渝铁路特殊复杂地质隧道建设难点及对策[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(5):10-15.
[11]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司.新建铁路西宁至成都线地质加深工作第三系、白垩系弱成岩工程水稳性专题地质工作报告[R].西安:中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,2018.
[12]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB10112—2007铁路工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.
[13]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB10115—98铁路工程岩石试验规程[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.
[14]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB10102—2010铁路工程土工试验规程[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2010.
[15]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB10077—2001铁路工程岩土分类标准[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.
[16]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB10103—2008铁路工程岩土化学分析规程[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2009.
[17]青海省地质矿产局.1∶20万西宁幅、乐都幅区域水文地质普查报告[R].西宁:青海省地质矿产局,1984.
[18]权董杰.甘肃地区隧道工程第三系砂岩水稳特性浅析[J].铁道勘察,2013,39(1):71-73.
[19]孙强,姜春露,朱术云,等.饱水岩石水稳试验及力学特性研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(6):236-240.
[20]耿宏斌.引江济淮工程崩解性软岩崩解机理分析[J].江淮水利科技,2015,(4):13-14.