海口市2010—2017年疟疾病例流行病学特征分析
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摘要
目的分析海口市2010—2017年疟疾病例流行病学特征,为制订消除疟疾后的防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性方法,对海口市2010—2017年报告的疟疾病例进行分析。结果海口市2010—2017年报告疟疾病例36例,年发病率(0.09～0.31)/10万,死亡1例。病例全部为输入性,其中非洲输入27例,南亚3例,东南亚6例,海口市各区均有病例分布。1、4、5、7月发病占63.89%。病例分型恶性疟28例,间日疟6例,卵型疟2例。25.00%病例有典型疟疾临床症状,患者发病到就诊时间中位数为2 d,就诊到确诊时间中位数为1 d。病例治疗规范用药率为22.22%。结论海口市2010—2017年疟疾病例均为输入性,病例主要来自赴非洲务工后返乡的青壮年人群,节日前后发病较多,出现典型临床症状病例少,治疗规范用药率低。提高医疗机构特别是基层机构医务人员对疟疾的敏感性,加强输入性病例监测和规范病例治疗是今后工作重点。
Objective The epidemiological characteristics of malaria cases in Haikou City from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies and measures after the elimination of malaria. Methods Reported malaria cases of Haikou City from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed using descriptive method.Results A total of 36 cases of malaria cases were reported, with an annual incidence of 0.09/100 000 to 0.31/100 000 and 1 fatality in Haikou City from 2010 to 2017. All cases were imported and distributed in all regions, including 27 from Africa, 3 from South Asia, 6 cases from Southeast Asia. In January, April, May, July, the incidence rate was 63.89%. There were 28 cases of falciparum malaria, 6 cases of tertian malaria, 2 cases of ovale malaria. The clinical symptoms of typical malaria accounted for 25.00%, the median time from onset to diagnosis was 2 days, and the median time form visit diagnosis was 1 day.The standardized drug rate of case treatment was 22.22%. Conclusion From 2010 to 2017, all cases of malaria in Haikou City were imported, mainly from young and middle-aged people returning home after working in Africa. Before and after the festival, there are more diseases, fewer cases of typical symptoms and the rate of standardized medication is low. To improve the sensitivity of medical personnel to malaria in medical institutions, especially at the grass-roots level, and to strengthen the monitoring of imported cases of venereal diseases and standardized case treatment will be the focus of future work.
Objective The epidemiological characteristics of malaria cases in Haikou City from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies and measures after the elimination of malaria. Methods Reported malaria cases of Haikou City from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed using descriptive method.Results A total of 36 cases of malaria cases were reported, with an annual incidence of 0.09/100 000 to 0.31/100 000 and 1 fatality in Haikou City from 2010 to 2017. All cases were imported and distributed in all regions, including 27 from Africa, 3 from South Asia, 6 cases from Southeast Asia. In January, April, May, July, the incidence rate was 63.89%. There were 28 cases of falciparum malaria, 6 cases of tertian malaria, 2 cases of ovale malaria. The clinical symptoms of typical malaria accounted for 25.00%, the median time from onset to diagnosis was 2 days, and the median time form visit diagnosis was 1 day.The standardized drug rate of case treatment was 22.22%. Conclusion From 2010 to 2017, all cases of malaria in Haikou City were imported, mainly from young and middle-aged people returning home after working in Africa. Before and after the festival, there are more diseases, fewer cases of typical symptoms and the rate of standardized medication is low. To improve the sensitivity of medical personnel to malaria in medical institutions, especially at the grass-roots level, and to strengthen the monitoring of imported cases of venereal diseases and standardized case treatment will be the focus of future work.
引文
[1]尚乐园,许汴利,苏云普.河南疟疾的流行与控制[M].郑州:中原出版传媒集团,2012.
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[6]韦树娇,黎军,林康明,等.2013年粤桂琼疟疾联防广西区疟疾监测结果分析[J].中国热带医学,2015,15(3):319-321.
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[11]谢轶青,何明祯,朱仕英.常州市2011-2013年输入性疟疾流行病学分析[J].中国热带医学,2014,14(10):1220-1222.
[12]康来仪,董柏青,陈直平等.实用传染病防治[M].北京:学苑出版社,2010:377-390.
[13]叶浩风,罗桂河,黄笑芳,等.广州市白云区基本消除疟疾地区疟疾监测与防治对策研究[J].中国热带医学,2014,14(7):812-814.
[2]顾亚萍,王伟明,金小林,等.江苏省2005年输入性恶性疟病例分析[J].中国热带医学,2006,6(12):2162,2170.
[3]裴速建,桂爱芳,黄光全,等.武汉市两例输入性恶性疟的调查与处理[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2006,17(6):52.
[4]朱庆,童已玲,符亚蝶,等.海南省海口市疟疾流行与防治历程及消除措施和评价[J].中国热带医学,2016,16(4):363-368.
[5]蒋静,杨小兵,杨绍金,等.疟疾流行趋势分析及防控措施探讨[J].国际流行病学传染病学杂志,2010,37(5):311-313.
[6]韦树娇,黎军,林康明,等.2013年粤桂琼疟疾联防广西区疟疾监测结果分析[J].中国热带医学,2015,15(3):319-321.
[7]潘波,阮彩文,林荣幸,等.广东省2013年疟疾疫情流行病学分析[J].中国热带医学,2014,14(11):1351-1354.
[8]宋营改,纪爱萍,王非,等.北京地区境外输入性疟疾临床表现及流行病学调查[J].中国热带医学,2013,13(2):198-200,203.
[9]卫生部.关于印发《中国消除疟疾行动计划(2010-2020年)》的通知[C].卫疾控发[2010]47号.
[10]黄光全,胡乐群,李凯杰,等.湖北省输入性恶性疟发病态势分析[J].热带医学杂志,2012,12(8):1016-1018.
[11]谢轶青,何明祯,朱仕英.常州市2011-2013年输入性疟疾流行病学分析[J].中国热带医学,2014,14(10):1220-1222.
[12]康来仪,董柏青,陈直平等.实用传染病防治[M].北京:学苑出版社,2010:377-390.
[13]叶浩风,罗桂河,黄笑芳,等.广州市白云区基本消除疟疾地区疟疾监测与防治对策研究[J].中国热带医学,2014,14(7):812-814.