天然气脱汞吸附剂的制备及其性能评价
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摘要
天然气中含汞会对天然气的开发及使用带来危害,实验采用固定床吸附法脱除天然气中的汞。实验以Al_2O_3和活性炭复合颗粒为载体,通过浸渍法负载S、CuS和CuSx多组分活性物,制备了天然气脱汞吸附剂,考察了制备工艺条件的影响。采用X射线衍射检测(XRD)与扫描电镜(SEM)对活性物负载情况进行了表征。结果表明,在载体上成功负载了CuS和S,其中CuS质量分数为12.80%,总S质量分数为8.32%。以含汞空气模拟含汞天然气,考察了进气口汞含量、停留时间对脱汞吸附剂脱汞效果的影响。结果表明,脱汞剂处理汞含量为300μg/m~3的天然气,停留时间为1s时,出口汞含量为24.99μg/m~3,已达到工业天然气要求。当停留时间为2s、进气口汞含量达到600μg/m~3时,经脱汞剂脱汞后,出口汞含量为18.92μg/m~3,达到小于28μg/m~3要求。脱汞吸附剂的汞容量达到6.36%。
Mercury in natural gas may bring harm to the development and use of natural gas. The fixed bed adsorption method was used to remove mercury from natural gas. Mercury removal adsorbents were prepared by using Al_2O_3 and activated carbon composite particles as carriers, and carrying S、CuS and CuSxas active substances were carried by dipping method. The influence of the preparation processconditions was investigated. The active components were characterized by X ray diffraction(XRD) andscanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that CuS and S were successfully loaded on thecarrier, of which the mass fraction of CuS was 12.80% and the total mass fraction of S was 8.32%. Effectsof mercury content at the inlet and residence time on mercury removal of adsorbent were investigated. Themercury content of natural gas at outlet is 24.99μg/m~3, which meets the requirement of industrial naturalgas, with 300μg/m~3 mercury content of treated natural gas at intet and the residence time 1s. When the residence time is 2s and the mercury content of the intake reaches 600μg/m~3, the mercury content of outlet is 18.92μg/m~3, less 28μg/m~3. The mercury capacity of mercury removal adsorbents is 6.36%.
Mercury in natural gas may bring harm to the development and use of natural gas. The fixed bed adsorption method was used to remove mercury from natural gas. Mercury removal adsorbents were prepared by using Al_2O_3 and activated carbon composite particles as carriers, and carrying S、CuS and CuSxas active substances were carried by dipping method. The influence of the preparation processconditions was investigated. The active components were characterized by X ray diffraction(XRD) andscanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that CuS and S were successfully loaded on thecarrier, of which the mass fraction of CuS was 12.80% and the total mass fraction of S was 8.32%. Effectsof mercury content at the inlet and residence time on mercury removal of adsorbent were investigated. Themercury content of natural gas at outlet is 24.99μg/m~3, which meets the requirement of industrial naturalgas, with 300μg/m~3 mercury content of treated natural gas at intet and the residence time 1s. When the residence time is 2s and the mercury content of the intake reaches 600μg/m~3, the mercury content of outlet is 18.92μg/m~3, less 28μg/m~3. The mercury capacity of mercury removal adsorbents is 6.36%.
引文
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[15]牛瑞,蒋洪,陈倩.含汞天然气脱汞工艺方案研讨[J].石油与天然气化工, 2016(2):59-63.NIU R, JIANG H, CHEN Q. A discussion on processes for removal ofmercury from mercury-contained natural gas[J]. Chemical Engineeringof Oil and Gas, 2016(2):59-63.
[2]陈倩,蒋洪,牛瑞.含汞气田汞腐蚀控制[J].油气田地面工程, 2016(1):72-76.CHEN Q, JIANG H, NIU R. Mercury corrosion control in gas filed[J].Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering, 2016(1):72-76.
[3] MOHAMED Farouk Ezzeldin. Mercury distribution in an Egyptiannatural gas processing plant and its environmental impact[D].Aberdeen:University of Aberdeen, 2012.
[4] LEEPER J E. Mercury-LNG’s problem[J]. Hydrocarbon Processing,1980, 59(11):237-240.
[5]蒋洪,刘支强,朱聪.天然气汞的腐蚀机理及防护措施[J].天然气化工, 2011(1):70-74.JIANG H, LIU Z Q, ZHU C. Corrosion mechanism of mercury innatural gas and protective measures[J]. Natural Gas Chemical Industry,2011(1):70-74.
[6] AUDEH C A. Process for adsorbing mercury from natural gas:US4717399[P]. 1988-01-05.
[7]蒋洪,梁金川,严启团,等.天然气脱汞工艺技术[J].石油与天然气化工, 2011, 40(1):26-31.JIANG H, LIANG J C, YAN Q T, et al. Technology of mercury removalfrom nature gas[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas, 2011, 40(1):26-31.
[8] ALY M, MAHGOUB I S, NABAWI M H, et al. Mercury monitoringand removal at gas-processing facilities:case study of Salam gas plant[J]. SPE Projects, Facilities&Construction, 2008,3(1):1-9.
[9]杨中峰,李倩,陈浩,等.对天然气低温分离工艺脱汞的思考[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2013, 39(12):60-62.YANG Z F, LI Q, CHEN H, et al. Reflection on dehydration of naturalgas in low temperature separation process[J]. Inner MongoliaPetrochemical Industry, 2013,39(12):60-62.
[10] DEN BOESTERT J, NIJIMEIJER A, SMIT C J. Method for reducingthe mercury content of natural gas condensate and natural gasprocessing plant:US20100147745A1[P]. 2015.
[11] GOYAL M, BHAGAT M, DHAWAN R. Removal of mercury fromwater by fixed bed activated carbon columns[J]. Journal of HazardousMaterials, 2009, 171(1/2/3):1009-1015.
[12]左海清,徐东耀,但海均,等.凹凸棒石烟气脱汞吸附剂的研究进展[J].化工进展, 2017, 36(10):3533-3539.ZUO H Q, XU D Y, DAN H J, et al. Research progress in attapulgiteabsorbents for mercury removal from flue gases[J]. Chemical Industryand Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(10):3533-3539.
[13]夏静森,王遇冬,王立超.海南福山油田天然气脱汞技术[J].天然气工业, 2007, 27(7):127-128.XIA J S, WANG Y D, WANG L C. Natural gas hydragyrum(Hg)rejecting technique in Fushan oilfield of Hainan province[J]. NaturalGas Industry, 2007, 27(7):127-128.
[14]吴志虎,刘海燕,张勇.固定床吸附脱汞工艺在克拉2第二天然气处理厂的应用[J].山东化工, 2014, 43(6):113-115.WU Z H, LIU H Y, ZHANG Y. Application of fixed bed adsorptionmercury removal process in Kela 2 Second Natural Gas TreatmentPlant[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2014,43(6):113-115.
[15]牛瑞,蒋洪,陈倩.含汞天然气脱汞工艺方案研讨[J].石油与天然气化工, 2016(2):59-63.NIU R, JIANG H, CHEN Q. A discussion on processes for removal ofmercury from mercury-contained natural gas[J]. Chemical Engineeringof Oil and Gas, 2016(2):59-63.