吉林特低渗透油藏CO_2驱油开发效果探讨
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摘要
特低渗透油藏的自身特征决定了其开发难度大于常规油藏,存在"注不进,采不出"等问题。注CO_2提高采收率技术应用于特低渗透油藏潜力巨大,如何改善其驱油效果是合理高效开发的关键。通过室内特低渗透长岩心物理模拟实验,采用12种方案进行CO_2驱油效果评价。研究表明,超前注气相对于同步注气可以提高采收率4. 69%,驱油效果优于同步注气,其CO_2气体突破早于同步注气。不同注气时机实验采收率与转CO_2驱油时产出液含水率呈负对数关系,总压力梯度变化呈M型,转注CO_2驱油后存在滞后效应,采用小流量可以达到增产目的。不同注气段塞实验采收率与总注入流体中CO_2所占体积比例呈正相关关系。不同气水比和CO_2驱油实验CO_2突破时间较为一致,水驱油和CO_2驱油实验总压力梯度变化较为一致。应用于特低渗透油藏开发,提出超前低速注气、气水交替和后期水驱策略,多种注采方案,进行分区试验。
The characteristics of extra-low permeability reservoirs determine its development more difficult than that of conventional reservoirs. There is"no injection allowed,no output"and other issues. CO_2 injection is a potential technology to enhance oil recovery fromextra-low permeability reservoirs,how to improve its flooding effects is the key to rational and efficient development. Physical simulation experiments were done indoor by long extra-low permeability cores,12 plans used to evaluate the CO_2 flooding effects. Studies show that the advance gas injection can improve recovery more than the synchronous gas injection by4. 69%,and the CO_2 gas breaks earlier in advance gas injection. In experiments with different gas injection timing,the relationship between ultimate recovery and water content of produced fluid is negative logarithmic,and the curves of total pressure gradient and injection volume are M-type changed. There is a lag effect after CO_2 injection flooding,and the ultimate recovery can be improved by using a small flooding rate. The different gas injection slug experiments show that the relationship between ultimate recovery and CO_2 proportion of total injection is positive.The breakthrough time of different gas injection slug experiments and CO_2 flooding experiment are similar,and the total pressure gradient of water flooding and CO_2 flooding are more consistent.The development mode of low-speed advance gas injection,then alternated gas/water and later water flooding is recommended for the extra-low permeability reservoirs,adopting various injection solutions at different blocks.
The characteristics of extra-low permeability reservoirs determine its development more difficult than that of conventional reservoirs. There is"no injection allowed,no output"and other issues. CO_2 injection is a potential technology to enhance oil recovery fromextra-low permeability reservoirs,how to improve its flooding effects is the key to rational and efficient development. Physical simulation experiments were done indoor by long extra-low permeability cores,12 plans used to evaluate the CO_2 flooding effects. Studies show that the advance gas injection can improve recovery more than the synchronous gas injection by4. 69%,and the CO_2 gas breaks earlier in advance gas injection. In experiments with different gas injection timing,the relationship between ultimate recovery and water content of produced fluid is negative logarithmic,and the curves of total pressure gradient and injection volume are M-type changed. There is a lag effect after CO_2 injection flooding,and the ultimate recovery can be improved by using a small flooding rate. The different gas injection slug experiments show that the relationship between ultimate recovery and CO_2 proportion of total injection is positive.The breakthrough time of different gas injection slug experiments and CO_2 flooding experiment are similar,and the total pressure gradient of water flooding and CO_2 flooding are more consistent.The development mode of low-speed advance gas injection,then alternated gas/water and later water flooding is recommended for the extra-low permeability reservoirs,adopting various injection solutions at different blocks.
引文
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[11]刘华,李相方,李朋,等.特低渗非均质油藏CO2驱注气速度对采出程度的影响[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):105-109.
[12]王秀宇,杨胜来,杨永忠,等.CO2封存和提高采收率过程中岩石与饱和水的CO2反应研究[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(3):87-90.
[13]秦积舜,韩海水,刘晓蕾.美国CO2驱油技术应用及启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):209-216.
[14]赵仁保,敖文君,肖爱国,等.CO2在原油中的扩散规律及变扩散系数计算方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):136-142.
[15]王建波,高云丛,宗畅,等.特低渗油藏CO2非混相驱水气交替注入见效特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(2):116-120.
[16]章星,杨胜来,李芳芳,等.特低渗透油藏CO2-水交替注入特征和效果[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013,32(2):122-125.
[2]崔茂蕾,丁云宏,薛成国,等.特低渗透天然砂岩大型物理模型渗流规律[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(2):695-700.
[3]樊建明,张庆洲,霍明会,等.超低渗透油藏注CO2开发方式优选及室内实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,30(5):37-42.
[4]刘洋,王国库.特低渗透率油田的开发技术研究[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2013,33(17):142-143.
[5]王玉普,刘义坤,邓庆军.中国陆相砂岩油田特高含水期开发现状及对策[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(1):1-9.
[6]袁自学,王靖云,李淑珣,等.特低渗透注水砂岩油藏采收率确定方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):1-8.
[7]周尚文,郭和坤,薛华庆.特低渗油藏水驱剩余可动油分布特征实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,30(2):65-68.
[8]高云丛,赵密福,王建波,等.特低渗油藏CO2非混相驱生产特征与气窜规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):79-85.
[9]孙久刚.特低渗透油藏注空气开采效果数值模拟研究[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(1):53-55.
[10]汤勇,尹鹏,汪勇,等.CO2混相驱的可行性评价[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(2):133-138.
[11]刘华,李相方,李朋,等.特低渗非均质油藏CO2驱注气速度对采出程度的影响[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):105-109.
[12]王秀宇,杨胜来,杨永忠,等.CO2封存和提高采收率过程中岩石与饱和水的CO2反应研究[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(3):87-90.
[13]秦积舜,韩海水,刘晓蕾.美国CO2驱油技术应用及启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):209-216.
[14]赵仁保,敖文君,肖爱国,等.CO2在原油中的扩散规律及变扩散系数计算方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):136-142.
[15]王建波,高云丛,宗畅,等.特低渗油藏CO2非混相驱水气交替注入见效特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(2):116-120.
[16]章星,杨胜来,李芳芳,等.特低渗透油藏CO2-水交替注入特征和效果[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013,32(2):122-125.