越南安沛红宝石高温热处理与低温热处理工艺对比
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摘要
对越南北部安沛地区带有蓝紫色调的红宝石原石按颜色饱和度进行分类高温热处理(1 600℃)和低温热处理(1 000℃)对比实验,拟定热处理温度、恒温时间、助熔剂条件等工艺参数,探究不同颜色样品的最佳热处理方案并比对温度参数下的适用范围。结果表明,在高温组改色实验中,红宝石样品的颜色及局部透明度均会有明显提高,浅紫红色、紫红色和深紫红色红宝石样品的最佳恒温时间随其颜色饱和度的增加从6h、9h到12h依次增长,且添加硼砂和γ-Al_2O_3的混合助熔剂可以辅助吸附黄褐色色带处的杂质离子进而消除色带;在低温条件下,恒温12h以上才能对越南红宝石的颜色起到较明显的改善作用。综合对比不同阶段的热处理效果发现:从透明度改善效果来看,具有开放裂隙的红宝石不适宜进行低温热处理;内部干净、仅颜色较差的红宝石样品,低温长时间加热与高温短时间加热的效果相近,更易被消费者所接受。热处理前后红宝石样品的紫外-可见吸收光谱测试验证了改色效果。
The comparative experiments of heat treatment at high temperature(1 600 ℃)and low temperature(1 000℃)on rubies with blue and violet hue from Yen Bai,Vietnam,were carried out according to the colour saturation.In addition,the main technology parameters were obtained,including the heat treatment temperature,holding time,and fluxing agent,to explore the best heat treatment scheme and compare the applicable range of the two sets of temperature parameters.The results showed that the colour and local transparency of the ruby samples improved obviously after heat treatment at high temperature.The optimum holding time of ruby samples with light purplish red,purplish red and deep purplish red got longer from 6 hours to 12 hours with the increase of the colour saturation.And the mixture ofborax and strong adsorptiveγ-Al_2O_3 can be used to help adsorb the foreign ions to remove the internal tawny bands effectively.While only keeping the holding time for over 12 hours can help improve the colour of the ruby samples obviously at low temperature.Contrasting the effect of heat treatment at different stages,ruby samples with fissures were not suitable for low temperature heat treatment in terms of transparency.For ruby samples with few fissures and off-colour,the effect of low temperature heating for a long time was similar to that at high temperature for a short heating time,however,from the view of market acceptance,low temperature heat treatment is more easily accepted due to its fuzzy identification characteristics.UV-Vis absorption spectra of ruby samples were tested for verifying the results of colour alteration.
The comparative experiments of heat treatment at high temperature(1 600 ℃)and low temperature(1 000℃)on rubies with blue and violet hue from Yen Bai,Vietnam,were carried out according to the colour saturation.In addition,the main technology parameters were obtained,including the heat treatment temperature,holding time,and fluxing agent,to explore the best heat treatment scheme and compare the applicable range of the two sets of temperature parameters.The results showed that the colour and local transparency of the ruby samples improved obviously after heat treatment at high temperature.The optimum holding time of ruby samples with light purplish red,purplish red and deep purplish red got longer from 6 hours to 12 hours with the increase of the colour saturation.And the mixture ofborax and strong adsorptiveγ-Al_2O_3 can be used to help adsorb the foreign ions to remove the internal tawny bands effectively.While only keeping the holding time for over 12 hours can help improve the colour of the ruby samples obviously at low temperature.Contrasting the effect of heat treatment at different stages,ruby samples with fissures were not suitable for low temperature heat treatment in terms of transparency.For ruby samples with few fissures and off-colour,the effect of low temperature heating for a long time was similar to that at high temperature for a short heating time,however,from the view of market acceptance,low temperature heat treatment is more easily accepted due to its fuzzy identification characteristics.UV-Vis absorption spectra of ruby samples were tested for verifying the results of colour alteration.
引文
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[15]范建良,刘学良,毛荐,等.云南红宝石热处理中铁离子析出研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2006,8(4):21-24.
[16]张恩.红、蓝宝石优化处理工艺的研究[J].中山大学学报论丛,2001,21(1):292-295.
[17]叶敏,狄敬如,谢旭帆.马达加斯加红、蓝宝石热处理工艺探究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2015,17(4):8-15.
[18]Nassau K.Heat treating ruby and sapphire:Technical aspects[J].Gems&Gemology,1981,17(3):121-131.
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[20]Achiwawanish S,Brack N,James B D,et al.Surface analysis of heat-treated Mong Hsu rubies[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,252(24):8 646-8 650.
[21]业冬,刘学良,邹妤,等.云南元江红色刚玉的热处理研究[J].桂林理工大学学报,2010,30(3):339-342.
[22]尹蓉.卢龙红刚玉的颜色成因及优化条件的研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2006.
[23]Nassau K.The physics and chemistry of color:The fifteen causes of color[M].New York:Wiley,1983:77-105.
[24]郭正也,韩孝朕,刘学良,等.红宝石的热处理以及光谱学研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2015,52(8):339-345.
[2]陈志强.越南红宝石简介[J].广西地质,1992,5(3):87-89.
[3]Hofmeister W.中国云南省红河剪切带宝石找矿潜力评价——与越南北部安沛地区宝石矿床之对比[J].云南地质,2003,22(3):342-343.
[4]Long P V,Pardieu V,Giuliani G.Update on gemstone mining in Luc Yen,Vietnam[J].Gems&Gemology,2013,49(4):233-245.
[5]Khoi N N,Sutthirat C,Tuan D A,et al.Ruby and sapphire from the Tan Huong-Truc Lau area,Yen Bai Province,northern Vietnam[J].Gems&Gemology,2011,47(3):182-195.
[6]王文杰,狄敬如.缅甸、越南红宝石的热处理研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2014,16(4):30-38.
[7]Wathanakul P,Monarumit N,Leelawatanasuk T,et al.A contribution to indicating the low temperature heat treatment of ruby samples from Myanmar and Vietnam[A].7th European Conference on Mineralogy and Spectroscopy[C].Potsdam:ECMS,2011.
[8]Pardieu V,Saeseaw S,Detroyat S,et al.“Low temperature”heat treatment of Mozambique ruby-results report[R].Bangkok:GIA Laboratory,2015.
[9]Sripoonjan T,Wantbanacbaisaeng B,Leelawatanasuk T.Phase transformation of epigenetic iron staining:Indication of low-temperature heat treatment in Mozambique ruby[J].The Journal of Gemmology,2016,35(2):156-161.
[10]王礼胜,王濮.大理岩型红宝石矿床成因研究[J].地质论评,2002,48(1):34-37.
[11]张晴华.红刚玉热处理实验研究[J].西部资源,2010,37(4):26-28.
[12]刘学良.云南红宝石的宝石学特征及改善工艺研究[D].广州:华东理工大学,2011.
[13]Keller P C.The Chanthabri-Trat gem field,Thailand[J].Gems&Gemology,1982,18(4):186-196.
[14]范建良,郭守国,刘学良,等.云南红宝石暗色条带改善研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2006,8(2):38-40.
[15]范建良,刘学良,毛荐,等.云南红宝石热处理中铁离子析出研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2006,8(4):21-24.
[16]张恩.红、蓝宝石优化处理工艺的研究[J].中山大学学报论丛,2001,21(1):292-295.
[17]叶敏,狄敬如,谢旭帆.马达加斯加红、蓝宝石热处理工艺探究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2015,17(4):8-15.
[18]Nassau K.Heat treating ruby and sapphire:Technical aspects[J].Gems&Gemology,1981,17(3):121-131.
[19]吴瑞华,白峰.热处理Mong Hsu红宝石原理[J].桂林工学院学报,1997,17(3):63-65.
[20]Achiwawanish S,Brack N,James B D,et al.Surface analysis of heat-treated Mong Hsu rubies[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,252(24):8 646-8 650.
[21]业冬,刘学良,邹妤,等.云南元江红色刚玉的热处理研究[J].桂林理工大学学报,2010,30(3):339-342.
[22]尹蓉.卢龙红刚玉的颜色成因及优化条件的研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2006.
[23]Nassau K.The physics and chemistry of color:The fifteen causes of color[M].New York:Wiley,1983:77-105.
[24]郭正也,韩孝朕,刘学良,等.红宝石的热处理以及光谱学研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2015,52(8):339-345.