育龄主体二孩生育焦虑影响因素的性别差异分析
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摘要
本文基于长春师范大学性别文化研究所"‘二孩政策’对女性生育行为的影响调查"数据分析育龄主体二孩生育焦虑的影响因素。采用质性与量化相结合的序列混合方法,首先使用质性分析方法对二孩生育焦虑的影响因素进行探索性分析,再分别从生育的直接成本、间接成本、生育观念和性别偏好几个方面量化分析性别的调节作用。研究结果显示直接成本和一孩性别在整体模型中对二孩生育焦虑有显著的影响。直接成本对二孩生育焦虑的影响程度最大,性别对直接成本和一孩性别没有产生调节作用,二者对男性和女性二孩生育焦虑都具有同等重要的影响。性别作用抵消了间接成本和生育观念对二孩生育焦虑的影响,间接成本对男性二孩生育焦虑的影响高于女性。生育观念对女性二孩生育焦虑有显著影响,但对男性没有显著影响。
Based on the survey data of the influence of the"universal two-child policy"on female fertility behavior conducted by the Institute of Gender and Culture of Changchun Normal University,this paper ana-lyzes the influential factors of the second-child fertility anxiety among subjects of childbearing age. Thecombination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used. First,the qualitative methods are used to ex-plore the influential factors of the second-child fertility anxiety;and then quantifies the moderating effect ofgender from the aspects of direct cost,indirect cost,fertility concept and gender preference. The research re-sults show that direct cost and gender of first child have significant impact on second-child fertility anxietyin the overall model. Direct cost has the greatest impact on second-child fertility anxiety,and gender has nomoderating effect on direct cost and gender of first child,both of them have similar important impact ontwo-child anxiety,whatever male or female. The moderating effect of gender offsets the impact of indirectcost and fertility concept on second-child fertility anxiety. The indirect cost has a higher impact on malesecond-child fertility anxiety than female. The fertility concept has a significant impact on female two-child anxiety,but has no significant impact on male.
Based on the survey data of the influence of the"universal two-child policy"on female fertility behavior conducted by the Institute of Gender and Culture of Changchun Normal University,this paper ana-lyzes the influential factors of the second-child fertility anxiety among subjects of childbearing age. Thecombination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used. First,the qualitative methods are used to ex-plore the influential factors of the second-child fertility anxiety;and then quantifies the moderating effect ofgender from the aspects of direct cost,indirect cost,fertility concept and gender preference. The research re-sults show that direct cost and gender of first child have significant impact on second-child fertility anxietyin the overall model. Direct cost has the greatest impact on second-child fertility anxiety,and gender has nomoderating effect on direct cost and gender of first child,both of them have similar important impact ontwo-child anxiety,whatever male or female. The moderating effect of gender offsets the impact of indirectcost and fertility concept on second-child fertility anxiety. The indirect cost has a higher impact on malesecond-child fertility anxiety than female. The fertility concept has a significant impact on female two-child anxiety,but has no significant impact on male.
引文
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[19]Rollo M. The Meaning of Anxiety[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2010.
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[28]罗天莹.改革开放30年与青年生育观念的变迁[J].中国青年研究,2008,(1):12-16.
[29]刘爱玉,佟新.性别观念现状及其影响因素——基于第三期全国妇女地位调查[J].中国社会科学,2014,(2):116-129,206.
[30]尹勤,温勇,宗占红,帅友良,徐培.常州市育龄人群生育意愿及影响因素[J].南京人口管理干部学院学报,2006,(2):40-43,55.
[31]郑真真.低生育水平下的生育成本收益研究——来自江苏省的调查[J].中国人口科学,2009,(2):93-102,112.
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[34]Carter N,Bryantlukosius D,Dicenso A,Blythe J,Neville AJ. The Use of Triangulation in Qualitative Research[J]. Oncology Nursing Forum,2014,41(5):545-547.
[35]Thurmond VA. The Point of Triangulation[J]. Journal of Nursing Scholarship,2001,33(3):253-258.
[36]姚从容,吴帆,李建民.我国城乡居民生育意愿调查研究综述:2000-2008[J].人口学刊,2010,(2):17-22.
[37]陈岱云,武卫华.人口生育观念嬗变与社会发展[J].求索,2008,(11):58-62.
[38]刘爱玉,佟新,付伟.双薪家庭的家务性别分工:经济依赖、性别观念或情感表达[J].社会,2015,(2):109-136.
[39]杨菊华.从家务分工看私人空间的性别界限[J].妇女研究论丛,2006,(5):16-22.
[40]於嘉.性别观念、现代化与女性的家务劳动时间[J].社会,2014,(2):166-192.
[41]周长洪,周建芳.我国农民生育观念转变的一个重要标志——宜昌市农村放弃与推迟二孩生育现象成因分析[J].人口研究,2001,(1):70-74.
[2]王军,王广州.中国低生育水平下的生育意愿与生育行为差异研究[J].人口学刊,2016,(2):5-16.
[3]侯佳伟,黄四林,辛自强,等.中国人口生育意愿变迁:1980-2011[J].中国社会科学,2014,(4):78-97,206.
[4]陈蓉,顾宝昌.上海市生育意愿30年的演变历程[J].人口与社会,2014,(1):49-54,71.
[5]Bachrach CA,Morgan SP. A Cognitive-social Model of Fertility Intentions[J]. Population and Development Review,2013,39(3):459-485.
[6]张勇,尹秀芳,徐玮.符合“单独二孩”政策城镇居民的生育意愿调查[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2014,(5):14-19.
[7]王军,柏楚乔,黄晓莹.中国城市女性生育二孩的成本-收益分析[J].青年探索,2017,(5):15-25.
[8]风笑天,李芬.生不生二孩?城市一孩育龄人群生育抉择及影响因素[J].国家行政学院学报,2016,(1):94-101.
[9]Park JK.“English Fever”in South Korea:Its History and Symptoms[J]. English Today,2009,25(1):50-57.
[10]郑真真.生育意愿的测量与应用[J].中国人口科学,2014,(6):15-25,126.
[11]杨菊华.近20年中国人性别观念的变动趋势与特点分析[J].妇女研究论丛,2014,(6):28-36.
[12]黄桂霞.中国生育保障水平的现状及影响因素分析——基于第三期中国妇女社会地位调查的实证研究[J].妇女研究论丛,2015,(5):103-111.
[13]陈卫,靳永爱.中国妇女生育意愿与生育行为的差异及其影响因素[J].人口学刊,2011,(2):3-13.
[14]茅倬彦,罗昊.符合二胎政策妇女的生育意愿和生育行为差异[J].人口研究,2013,(1):84-93.
[15]宋健,陈芳.城市青年生育意愿与行为的背离及其影响因素——来自4个城市的调查[J].中国人口科学,2010,(5):103-112.
[16]风笑天,张青松.二十年城乡居民生育意愿变迁研究[J].市场与人口分析,2002,(5):21-31.
[17]莫丽霞.当前我国农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好研究[J].人口研究,2005,(2):62-68.
[18]田代信雄.焦虑与心理冲突[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[19]Rollo M. The Meaning of Anxiety[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2010.
[20]Hunt A. Anxiety and Social Explanation:Some Anxieties about Anxiety[J]. Journal of Social History,1999,32(3):509-528.
[21]Erich F. Escape from Freedom[M].北京:国际文化出版公司,2000.
[22]Gay P. The Cultivation of Hatred:The Bourgeois Experience:Victoria to Freud. Vol 3[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Pres,1984.
[23]Harold RI. Idols of the Tribe[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008.
[24]Leibenstein H. An Interpretation of the Economic Theory of Fertility:Promising Path or Blind Alley?[J]. Journal of Economic Literature,1974,12(2):457-479.
[25]Leibenstein H. The Economic Theory of Fertility Decline[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1975,89(1):1-31.
[26]Becker GS. An Economic Analysis of Fertility. Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries[Z]. National Bureau Committee for Economic Research,1960.
[27]王志章,刘天元.生育“二孩”基本成本测算及社会分摊机制研究[J].人口学刊,2017,(4):17-29.
[28]罗天莹.改革开放30年与青年生育观念的变迁[J].中国青年研究,2008,(1):12-16.
[29]刘爱玉,佟新.性别观念现状及其影响因素——基于第三期全国妇女地位调查[J].中国社会科学,2014,(2):116-129,206.
[30]尹勤,温勇,宗占红,帅友良,徐培.常州市育龄人群生育意愿及影响因素[J].南京人口管理干部学院学报,2006,(2):40-43,55.
[31]郑真真.低生育水平下的生育成本收益研究——来自江苏省的调查[J].中国人口科学,2009,(2):93-102,112.
[32]Witcher AE,Onwuegbuzie AJ. Characteristics of Effective Teachers:Perceptions of Preservice Teachers[J]. Research in the Schools,1999,8(1):45-50.
[33]Onwuegbuzie AJ,Witcher AE,Collins KMT,Filer J,Wiedmaier C,Moore C. Students’Perceptions of Characteristics of Effective College Teachers:A Validity Study of a Teaching Evaluation form Using a Mixed-methods Analysis[J]. American Educational Research Journal,2007,44(1):113-160.
[34]Carter N,Bryantlukosius D,Dicenso A,Blythe J,Neville AJ. The Use of Triangulation in Qualitative Research[J]. Oncology Nursing Forum,2014,41(5):545-547.
[35]Thurmond VA. The Point of Triangulation[J]. Journal of Nursing Scholarship,2001,33(3):253-258.
[36]姚从容,吴帆,李建民.我国城乡居民生育意愿调查研究综述:2000-2008[J].人口学刊,2010,(2):17-22.
[37]陈岱云,武卫华.人口生育观念嬗变与社会发展[J].求索,2008,(11):58-62.
[38]刘爱玉,佟新,付伟.双薪家庭的家务性别分工:经济依赖、性别观念或情感表达[J].社会,2015,(2):109-136.
[39]杨菊华.从家务分工看私人空间的性别界限[J].妇女研究论丛,2006,(5):16-22.
[40]於嘉.性别观念、现代化与女性的家务劳动时间[J].社会,2014,(2):166-192.
[41]周长洪,周建芳.我国农民生育观念转变的一个重要标志——宜昌市农村放弃与推迟二孩生育现象成因分析[J].人口研究,2001,(1):70-74.