考虑潮流转移对系统影响的低频减载方案优化
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摘要
综合考虑所切负荷的重要程度、频率调节特性与布点位置对低频减载方案整体效果的影响,结合系统待优化轮次减负荷量的要求和装置的动作特点,提出了一种考虑潮流转移对系统影响的低频减载方案优化方法。以停电损失最小化、所切负荷的单位调节功率最小化和潮流转移熵最大化为优化目标,综合考虑各种约束条件,采用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)求解出Pareto最优解集。然后通过灰色关联分析模型对其进行多属性决策,以确定出最科学合理的低频减载方案。最后,采用新英格兰10机39节点系统算例验证了所提优化方法的合理性与有效性。
Considering the importance, the frequency adjustment characteristic and the position of the load cut off on the overall effect of the low-frequency load shedding scheme, combined with the load shedding requirements of the cycle to be optimized and the action characteristics of devices in the system, an optimization method of low-frequency load shedding scheme considering the influence of power flow transferring on the power system is proposed. The optimization goals are designed to minimize power loss, minimize the unit power regulation of load cut off and maximize the flow transfer entropy, considering all kinds of the constraints, the Pareto optimal solution set is solved by using the fast and elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II). Then multiple attribute decision-making should be made for it through the gray relational analysis model to determine the most scientific and reasonable low-frequency load shedding scheme. Finally, the rationality and validity of the proposed method are demonstrated by an example of the New England 10-machine 39-node system.
Considering the importance, the frequency adjustment characteristic and the position of the load cut off on the overall effect of the low-frequency load shedding scheme, combined with the load shedding requirements of the cycle to be optimized and the action characteristics of devices in the system, an optimization method of low-frequency load shedding scheme considering the influence of power flow transferring on the power system is proposed. The optimization goals are designed to minimize power loss, minimize the unit power regulation of load cut off and maximize the flow transfer entropy, considering all kinds of the constraints, the Pareto optimal solution set is solved by using the fast and elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II). Then multiple attribute decision-making should be made for it through the gray relational analysis model to determine the most scientific and reasonable low-frequency load shedding scheme. Finally, the rationality and validity of the proposed method are demonstrated by an example of the New England 10-machine 39-node system.
引文
[1]电力系统安全稳定控制技术导则:GB/T 26399—2011[S].
[2]SAMET H,RASHIDI M.Coordinated under frequency load and capacitor shedding for bulk power systems[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2013,7(8):799-812.
[3]樊艳芳,钟显,常喜强,等.频率的时空分布对低频减载的影响研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(1):55-60.FAN Yanfang,ZHONG Xian,CHANG Xiqiang,et al.Research of the UFLS under the frequency characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(1):55-60.
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[16]李亚男,顾雪平,钟慧荣.考虑负荷类型及停电损失的负荷恢复策略优化[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(3):6-12.LI Yanan,GU Xueping,ZHONG Huirong.Optimization of load recovery plans considering different load types and outage cost[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science),2012,39(3):6-12.
[17]刘文轩,顾雪平,李少岩.考虑机组重要度和负荷停电损失的网架重构分层协调优化[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(2):22-32.LIU Wenxuan,GU Xueping,LI Shaoyan.Hierarchical coordinative optimization for network reconfiguration considering unit importance and the load outage loss[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science),2017,44(2):22-32.
[18]闫常友,周孝信,康建东,等.潮流转移灵敏度以及安全评估指标研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(19):7-13.YAN Changyou,ZHOU Xiaoxin,KANG Jiandong,et al.Flow transferring sensitivity and security index analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(19):7-13.
[19]靳冰洁,张步涵,王珂.基于熵理论的电力系统最优潮流均衡度分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):80-86.JIN Bingjie,ZHANG Buhan,WANG Ke.Entropy theory based optimal power flow balancing analysis in power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):80-86.
[20]佟晶晶,温俊强,王丹,等.基于分时电价的电动汽车多目标优化充电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(1):17-23.TONG Jingjing,WEN Junqiang,WANG Dan,et al.Multi-objective optimization charging strategy for plug-in electric vehicles based on time-of-use price[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(1):17-23.
[21]徐玉琴,李文帅,赵蓓蓓.一种大电源接入电网接入点选取合理性的评估方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):94-100.XU Yuqin,LI Wenshuai,ZHAO Beibei.An evaluation method for the rationality of the voltage level of a large power supply connected to the power network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):94-100.
[22]王丽君.考虑负荷频率调节系数的低频减载方案研究[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版),2007,3(3):242-244.WANG Lijun.Study of low frequency load shedding project considering load frequency regulation coefficient[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Natural Science),2007,3(3):242-244.
[2]SAMET H,RASHIDI M.Coordinated under frequency load and capacitor shedding for bulk power systems[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2013,7(8):799-812.
[3]樊艳芳,钟显,常喜强,等.频率的时空分布对低频减载的影响研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(1):55-60.FAN Yanfang,ZHONG Xian,CHANG Xiqiang,et al.Research of the UFLS under the frequency characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(1):55-60.
[4]DELFINO B,MASSUCCO S,MORINI A,et al.Implementation and comparison of different under frequency load-shedding schemes[C]//Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,July 15-19,2001,Vancouver,Canada:307-312.
[5]SANAYE-PASAND M,DAVARPANAH M.A new adaptive multidimensional load shedding scheme using genetic algorithm[C]//Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,May 1-4,2005,Saskatoon,Canada:1974-1977.
[6]GIRGIS A A,PETERSON W L.Adaptive estimation of power system frequency deviation and its rate of change for calculating sudden power system overloads[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1990,5(2):585-594.
[7]侯玉强,方勇杰,杨卫东,等.基于多代理技术的低频低压减负荷控制[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(4):1-5.HOU Yuqiang,FANG Yongjie,YANG Weidong,et al.A new method of UFLS/UVLS based on multi-agent technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(4):1-5.
[8]熊小伏,周永忠,周家启.计及负荷频率特性的低频减载方案研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(19):48-51.XIONG Xiaofu,ZHOU Yongzhong,ZHOU Jiaqi.Study of underfrequency load shedding scheme based on load frequency characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(19):48-51.
[9]刘少华,王超,安军,等.计及频率静特性的低频减载方案的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(9):140-144.LIU Shaohua,WANG Chao,AN Jun,et al.Study of under-frequency load shedding scheme based on frequency static characteristics[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(9):140-144.
[10]高学民,么莉,张辉,等.基于负荷频率特性的低频减载方案优化[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2015,27(2):82-88.GAO Xuemin,YAO Li,ZHANG Hui,et al.Under frequency load shedding scheme optimization based on load frequency characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2015,27(2):82-88.
[11]侯王宾,刘天琪,李兴源.基于综合权值和广域测量的低频减载[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(21):70-75.HOU Wangbin,LIU Tianqi,LI Xingyuan.Underfrequency load shedding based on comprehensive weight and wide area measurement system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(21):70-75.
[12]柏丹丹,和敬涵,王小君,等.基于灰色关联分析的自适应低频减载[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(6):20-25.BAI Dandan,HE Jinghan,WANG Xiaojun,et al.Adaptive UFLS scheme based on grey correlation analysis[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(6):20-25.
[13]李顺,廖清芬,刘涤尘,等.基于WAMS的自适应低频减载动态优化策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(13):48-54.LI Shun,LIAO Qingfen,LIU Dichen,et al.WAMS based dynamic optimization of adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(13):48-54.
[14]李蕊,李跃,苏剑,等.配电网重要电力用户停电损失及应急策略[J].电网技术,2011,35(10):170-176.LI Rui,LI Yue,SU Jian,et al.Power supply interruption cost of important power consumers in distribution network and its emergency management[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(10):170-176.
[15]柏丹丹.基于信息共享的智能电网低频减载优化研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.BAI Dandan.Study on UFLS optimization based on the sharing information in the smart grid environment[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.
[16]李亚男,顾雪平,钟慧荣.考虑负荷类型及停电损失的负荷恢复策略优化[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(3):6-12.LI Yanan,GU Xueping,ZHONG Huirong.Optimization of load recovery plans considering different load types and outage cost[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science),2012,39(3):6-12.
[17]刘文轩,顾雪平,李少岩.考虑机组重要度和负荷停电损失的网架重构分层协调优化[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(2):22-32.LIU Wenxuan,GU Xueping,LI Shaoyan.Hierarchical coordinative optimization for network reconfiguration considering unit importance and the load outage loss[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science),2017,44(2):22-32.
[18]闫常友,周孝信,康建东,等.潮流转移灵敏度以及安全评估指标研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(19):7-13.YAN Changyou,ZHOU Xiaoxin,KANG Jiandong,et al.Flow transferring sensitivity and security index analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(19):7-13.
[19]靳冰洁,张步涵,王珂.基于熵理论的电力系统最优潮流均衡度分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):80-86.JIN Bingjie,ZHANG Buhan,WANG Ke.Entropy theory based optimal power flow balancing analysis in power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):80-86.
[20]佟晶晶,温俊强,王丹,等.基于分时电价的电动汽车多目标优化充电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(1):17-23.TONG Jingjing,WEN Junqiang,WANG Dan,et al.Multi-objective optimization charging strategy for plug-in electric vehicles based on time-of-use price[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(1):17-23.
[21]徐玉琴,李文帅,赵蓓蓓.一种大电源接入电网接入点选取合理性的评估方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):94-100.XU Yuqin,LI Wenshuai,ZHAO Beibei.An evaluation method for the rationality of the voltage level of a large power supply connected to the power network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):94-100.
[22]王丽君.考虑负荷频率调节系数的低频减载方案研究[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版),2007,3(3):242-244.WANG Lijun.Study of low frequency load shedding project considering load frequency regulation coefficient[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Natural Science),2007,3(3):242-244.