无源伺服反馈多输出低频振动传感器
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摘要
介绍了一种无源多输出低频振动传感器,可同时测量加速度和速度。利用无源伺服反馈控制技术,传感器呈现速度摆特性,但该速度摆不是通常意义上大阻尼状态的速度摆,对摆体特性进行了详细的数学分析,仅使用一种换能方式即实现了加速度和速度两组物理量的测量,证明了速度输出是速度摆速度计,加速度输出是速度摆加速度计。对传感器特性,尤其是加速度输出特性进行了较为详细的分析。最后,对传感器进行了测试,得到该传感器的加速度输出和速度输出在0.1~100 Hz有较好的频率响应特性,可以满足低频工程振动测量的需求,且实现了一只传感器同时测量加速度和速度两种物理参量。
In this paper we introduce a new passive multi-output low-frequency vibration sensor that can measure acceleration and speed of the waves. Using the passive servo feedback control technique,the sensor shows the characteristics of a speed pendulum,which,however,is not the usual speed pendulum in large-damping state. A detailed mathematical analysis is carried out on the characteristics of the pendulum body. Simultaneous measurements of both acceleration and speed can be achieved using only one transducing mode. It is proved that the speed output is the output of the speed pendulum speedometer and the acceleration output is the output of the speed pendulum accelerometer. We also analyze the characteristics of the sensor,especially analyze the acceleration output characteristics in detail. Finally,the sensor was tested,and good frequency-response characteristics of acceleration output and speed output of the sensor in the frequency range from 0. 1 Hz to 100 Hz were obtained,which satisfies the requirement of low-frequency engineering vibration measurements,and the goal of using one sensor to measure both acceleration and speed at the same time is achieved.
In this paper we introduce a new passive multi-output low-frequency vibration sensor that can measure acceleration and speed of the waves. Using the passive servo feedback control technique,the sensor shows the characteristics of a speed pendulum,which,however,is not the usual speed pendulum in large-damping state. A detailed mathematical analysis is carried out on the characteristics of the pendulum body. Simultaneous measurements of both acceleration and speed can be achieved using only one transducing mode. It is proved that the speed output is the output of the speed pendulum speedometer and the acceleration output is the output of the speed pendulum accelerometer. We also analyze the characteristics of the sensor,especially analyze the acceleration output characteristics in detail. Finally,the sensor was tested,and good frequency-response characteristics of acceleration output and speed output of the sensor in the frequency range from 0. 1 Hz to 100 Hz were obtained,which satisfies the requirement of low-frequency engineering vibration measurements,and the goal of using one sensor to measure both acceleration and speed at the same time is achieved.
引文
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[14]孙志远,杨学山,杨巧玉.超低频动圈换能伺服加速度计的研究[J].传感器与微系统.2006,25(11):15-17.SUN ZH Y,YANG X SH,YANG Q Y.Research on ultra-low frequency moving-coil servo accelerometer[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2006,25(11):15-17.
[15]杨学山,杨巧玉.速度型拾振器低频特性的拓展技术研究[J].地球物理学进展.2004,19(4):759-763.YANG X SH,YANG Q Y.Research into the extension techniques for the capacity of vibrating velocity sensors in low-frequency band[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):759-763.
[16]王喜珍,滕云田.地震传感器的新技术与发展[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):478-485.WANG X ZH,TENG Y T.New technology of seismic sensors and its development[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(2):478-485.
[17]蔡亚先,吕永清,周云耀,等.CTS-1甚宽频带地震计[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):109-114.CAI Y X,LV Y Q,ZHOU Y Y,et al.CTS-1 very broadband seismometer[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(3):109-114.
[18]杨立志,杨学山,匙庆磊,等.基于大阻尼比的双输出振动传感器[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(11):25-29.YANG L ZH,YANG X SH,CHI Q L,et al.Vibration sensor with double outputs based on big damping ratio[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(11):25-29.
[19]ZHAO X M,LIU T P,ZHENG D ZH.Theoretical research on new maglev ultra-low frequency vibration sensor[C].Proceedings of IEEE 11th International Conference on Electronic Measurement&Instrument(ICEMI),2013:16-19.
[20]夏灿,余水宝,黄相平.基于磁阻尼的超低频绝对振动传感器机理研究[J].微型机与应用,2014,33(5):74-78.XIA C,YU SH B,HUANG X P.Study on the mechanism of ultra low frequency absolute vibration sensor based on magnetic damping[J].Microcomputer and Its Applications,2014,33(5):74-78.
[21]杨学山.加速度计频率特性扩展技术研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(4):81-83.YANG X SH.Frequency characteristics extension of an accelerometer[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(4):81-83.
[22]杨巧玉,娄良琼,杨立志.941B型超低频测振仪的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(4):174-179.YANG Q Y,LOU L Q,YANG L ZH.Model 941B ultralow frequency vibration gauge[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(4):174-179.
[23]于梅.低频超低频振动计量技术的研究与展望[J].振动与冲击,2007,11(26):83-86.YU M.Research prospects of metrology technology for low-frequency and super low-frequency vibration[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,11(26):83-86.
[2]蒋新花,丁德宝,沈庆宏.应用于桥梁结构健康监测的低噪声振动测量系统实现[J].电子测量技术,2014,37(2):116-119.JIANG X H,DING D B,SHEN Q H.Realization of low noise system for vibration measurement applied to structural heath monitoring of bridges[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2014,37(2):116-119.
[3]杨晓霞,孟浩然,阴玉梅,等.利用加速度计的大型光电望远镜抖动测量方法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2013,27(9):823-830.YANG X X,MENG H R,YIN Y M,et al.Jitter measurement for large opto-electronic telescope using accelerometers[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,2013,27(9):823-830.
[4]陈毅强,王玉田,李泓锦,等.压电加速度计本底噪声研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(4):951-960.CHEN Y Q,WANG Y T,LI H J,et al.Study on the noise floor of piezoelectric accelerometer[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2015,36(4):951-960.
[5]CLINTON J F,HEATON T H.Potential advantages of a strong-motion velocity meter over a strong-motion accelerometer[J].Seismological Research Letters,2002,73(3):332-342.
[6]佘天莉,侯兴民,杨学山.测振传感器的低频特性补偿研究[J].传感器与微系统,2006,25(11):35-37.SHE T L,HOU X M,YANG X SH.Research on low frequency characteristic compensation of vibration sensors[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2006,25(11):35-37.
[7]杨学志,毛乐山,严普强.一种新型的惯性式特殊低频传感器[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,1998,38(11):22-36.YANG X ZH,MAO L SH,YAN P Q.Novel inertial extremely low frequency transducer[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,1998,38(11):22-36.
[8]曹双兰,林君,杨泓渊,等.用于深部探测的地震检波器低频拓展技术[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):1904-1911.CAO SH L,LIN J,YANG H Y,et al.Low frequency expansion technologies applied in deep seismic exploration geophones[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):1904-1911.
[9]叶婷,梁大开,曾捷,等.基于弓形梁增敏结构的FBG振动传感器研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2012,33(1):139-145.YE T,LIANG D K,ZENG J,et al.Study on optical fiber grating vibration sensor based on bow beam sensitive characteristic[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2012,33(1):139-145.
[10]匙庆磊.伺服式振动传感器及其应用[D].廊坊:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2009.CHI Q L.A study of low-frequency standard vibration table systems and vibration calibration technology[D].Langfang:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2009.
[11]YANG X SH,GAO F,HOU X M.Low-frequency characteristics extension for vibration sensors[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering vibration,2004,3(1):139-146.
[12]匙庆磊,韩炜,何先龙.基于无源伺服传感器的振动测量系统[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(4):153-156.CHI Q L,HAN W,HE X L,et al.A vibrationmeasuring system based on passive servo vibration pickups[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(4):153-156.
[13]曹双兰.基于零极点补偿法的低频检波器设计及其标定方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.CAO SH L.Design and calibration of low-frequency geophones based on pole-zero compensation[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.
[14]孙志远,杨学山,杨巧玉.超低频动圈换能伺服加速度计的研究[J].传感器与微系统.2006,25(11):15-17.SUN ZH Y,YANG X SH,YANG Q Y.Research on ultra-low frequency moving-coil servo accelerometer[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2006,25(11):15-17.
[15]杨学山,杨巧玉.速度型拾振器低频特性的拓展技术研究[J].地球物理学进展.2004,19(4):759-763.YANG X SH,YANG Q Y.Research into the extension techniques for the capacity of vibrating velocity sensors in low-frequency band[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):759-763.
[16]王喜珍,滕云田.地震传感器的新技术与发展[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):478-485.WANG X ZH,TENG Y T.New technology of seismic sensors and its development[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(2):478-485.
[17]蔡亚先,吕永清,周云耀,等.CTS-1甚宽频带地震计[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):109-114.CAI Y X,LV Y Q,ZHOU Y Y,et al.CTS-1 very broadband seismometer[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(3):109-114.
[18]杨立志,杨学山,匙庆磊,等.基于大阻尼比的双输出振动传感器[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(11):25-29.YANG L ZH,YANG X SH,CHI Q L,et al.Vibration sensor with double outputs based on big damping ratio[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(11):25-29.
[19]ZHAO X M,LIU T P,ZHENG D ZH.Theoretical research on new maglev ultra-low frequency vibration sensor[C].Proceedings of IEEE 11th International Conference on Electronic Measurement&Instrument(ICEMI),2013:16-19.
[20]夏灿,余水宝,黄相平.基于磁阻尼的超低频绝对振动传感器机理研究[J].微型机与应用,2014,33(5):74-78.XIA C,YU SH B,HUANG X P.Study on the mechanism of ultra low frequency absolute vibration sensor based on magnetic damping[J].Microcomputer and Its Applications,2014,33(5):74-78.
[21]杨学山.加速度计频率特性扩展技术研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(4):81-83.YANG X SH.Frequency characteristics extension of an accelerometer[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(4):81-83.
[22]杨巧玉,娄良琼,杨立志.941B型超低频测振仪的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(4):174-179.YANG Q Y,LOU L Q,YANG L ZH.Model 941B ultralow frequency vibration gauge[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(4):174-179.
[23]于梅.低频超低频振动计量技术的研究与展望[J].振动与冲击,2007,11(26):83-86.YU M.Research prospects of metrology technology for low-frequency and super low-frequency vibration[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,11(26):83-86.