刑法体系解释四层次论的展开与检验
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摘要
刑法体系解释,是指对刑法规定进行解释时,要将具体的刑法规定放在系统当中进行解读,避免断章取义,避免与系统中的其他规定产生矛盾。当下多数关于刑法体系解释的论述认为,刑法体系解释是指将需要解释的刑法规定放在"刑法典"这一体系当中。此种界定,忽视了体系本身的层次性和刑法与法律体系的关系等方面,逻辑上不周延,在实践中也难以有效解决疑难案件。依据刑法条文结构特点和人类认知规律,刑法体系解释应当分为"微观的条文体系""中观的刑法典体系""宏观的法秩序统一体体系""全局的规范逻辑与情理价值体系"4个递进式的层次。4个层次是一个完整的体系性的有机整体,缺一不可。在运用刑法体系解释这一方法时,应当遵循"微观"→"中观"→"宏观"→"全局"这一递进式逻辑思维,对解释结果进行逐一严格检验,使罪刑法定原则得到坚守,使刑法规范与社会情理价值深度融合,得出既符合规范逻辑又符合情理价值的结论,实现法的公平正义。
The systematic interpretation of criminal lawrefers to theinterpretation of putting the specific criminal law into the whole system when explaining criminal law so as to have a complete understanding and avoid conflict with other provisions in criminal law system. Currently,most of the discussions on systematic interpretation of criminal law is that systematic interpretation of criminal law refers to putting criminal provisions that need explanation into the system of Penal Code. This definition ignores the levels of the system itself as well as the relationship between criminal law and legal system,and can not solve difficult cases effectively in practice. According to structural characteristics of criminal law and the regular pattern of human cognition,the systematic interpretation of criminal law should be divided into four progressive levels,namely,"provisions system at a micro level","Penal Code system at a medium level","unification of legal order system at a macro level","normative logic and value system at an overall level". The four levels is an organic whole and when using systematic interpretation of criminal law,the progressive logical thinking from micro-medium-macro-overall should be abided by,and the result should stand up to the test of the abovementioned four levels to make the principle of legality be strictly slicked,and make criminal rules and social value deeply integrated so as to draw a conclusion that is in accordance with normative logic as well as social value,achieving the justiceof law.
The systematic interpretation of criminal lawrefers to theinterpretation of putting the specific criminal law into the whole system when explaining criminal law so as to have a complete understanding and avoid conflict with other provisions in criminal law system. Currently,most of the discussions on systematic interpretation of criminal law is that systematic interpretation of criminal law refers to putting criminal provisions that need explanation into the system of Penal Code. This definition ignores the levels of the system itself as well as the relationship between criminal law and legal system,and can not solve difficult cases effectively in practice. According to structural characteristics of criminal law and the regular pattern of human cognition,the systematic interpretation of criminal law should be divided into four progressive levels,namely,"provisions system at a micro level","Penal Code system at a medium level","unification of legal order system at a macro level","normative logic and value system at an overall level". The four levels is an organic whole and when using systematic interpretation of criminal law,the progressive logical thinking from micro-medium-macro-overall should be abided by,and the result should stand up to the test of the abovementioned four levels to make the principle of legality be strictly slicked,and make criminal rules and social value deeply integrated so as to draw a conclusion that is in accordance with normative logic as well as social value,achieving the justiceof law.
引文
[1]张明楷.刑法学:上[M].北京:法律出版社,2016:36.
[2]英格博格·普珀.法学思维小学堂——法律人的6堂思维训练课[M].蔡圣伟,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011:56.
[3]杨艳霞.刑法解释的理论与方法:以哈贝马斯的沟通行动理论为视角[M].北京:法律出版社,2007:245.
[4]李国如,杨春洗.当代中国刑法体系功能研究——兼及系统论方法的运用[J].浙江社会科学,2000(1):65-72.
[5]王东海.刑法体系解释分为四个层次[N].检察日报,2017-09-25(3).
[6]万国海.论刑法的体系解释[J].南京社会科学,2009(7):113-118.
[7]肖中华.刑法目的解释和体系解释的具体运用[J].法学评论,2006(5):11-20.
[8]王政勋.刑法解释的语言论研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016:222.
[9]贝卡利亚.论犯罪与刑罚[M].黄风,译.北京:中国法制出版社,2002:9.
[10]周光庆.朱熹《四书集注》语言诠释方法论的建构与运用[J].武汉大学学报(人文科学版),2015(6):30-37.
[11]朱熹.读书之要[M]//朱子文集:卷14,第7册.北京:中华书局,1985:439.
[12]李翔.刑法解释的利益平衡问题研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015:216.
[13]拉德布鲁赫.法学导论[M].米健,朱林,译.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:87.
[14]张志铭.法律解释学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015:124.
[15]李运平.储槐植:要正视法定犯时代的到来[N].检察日报,2007-06-01(3).
[16]张明楷.刑法分则的解释原理:上[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011:59-71.
[17]张建军.论刑法中兜底条款的明确性[J].法律科学,2014(2):86-96.
[18]亨利·莱维·布津尔.法律社会学[M].许钧,译.北京:上海人民出版社,1987:70.
[19]齐佩利乌斯.法学方法论[M].金振豹,译.北京:法律出版社,2009:61.
[20]伯恩·魏德士.法理学[M].丁小春,吴越,译.北京:法律出版社,2003:64.
[21]王海桥.刑法解释的基本原理——理念、方法及其运作规则[M].北京:法律出版社,2012:176.
[22]苏彩霞.刑法解释的立场与方法[M].北京:法律出版社,2016:169.
[23]黄茂荣.法学方法与现代民法[M].北京:法律出版社,2007:320.
[24]威尔·金里卡.当代政治哲学:下[M].刘莘,译.上海:上海三联书店,2004:389.
[25]邓子滨.中国实质刑法观批判[M].北京:法律出版社,2017:68.
[26]罗书臻.内蒙古农民收购玉米被判非法经营罪案引争议,最高法院指令巴彦淖尔中院再审[N].人民法院报,2016-12-31(1).
[27]贺洪波.侵犯公民个人信息罪的精准解释[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2018(5):93-102.
[28]郑金玉.论我国法律职业资格考试新变化与法学教育的应对[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2018(8):87-94.
(1)我国著名学者储槐植教授早在2007年就提出,我国的法定犯时代已经到来。并指出,时至今日,给法定犯和自然犯做实质界定已经不可能完成,而只有从形式上给予界定,所谓法定犯,是指规定在除刑事法律之外的其他法律中的犯罪[15]。
[2]英格博格·普珀.法学思维小学堂——法律人的6堂思维训练课[M].蔡圣伟,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011:56.
[3]杨艳霞.刑法解释的理论与方法:以哈贝马斯的沟通行动理论为视角[M].北京:法律出版社,2007:245.
[4]李国如,杨春洗.当代中国刑法体系功能研究——兼及系统论方法的运用[J].浙江社会科学,2000(1):65-72.
[5]王东海.刑法体系解释分为四个层次[N].检察日报,2017-09-25(3).
[6]万国海.论刑法的体系解释[J].南京社会科学,2009(7):113-118.
[7]肖中华.刑法目的解释和体系解释的具体运用[J].法学评论,2006(5):11-20.
[8]王政勋.刑法解释的语言论研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016:222.
[9]贝卡利亚.论犯罪与刑罚[M].黄风,译.北京:中国法制出版社,2002:9.
[10]周光庆.朱熹《四书集注》语言诠释方法论的建构与运用[J].武汉大学学报(人文科学版),2015(6):30-37.
[11]朱熹.读书之要[M]//朱子文集:卷14,第7册.北京:中华书局,1985:439.
[12]李翔.刑法解释的利益平衡问题研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015:216.
[13]拉德布鲁赫.法学导论[M].米健,朱林,译.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:87.
[14]张志铭.法律解释学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015:124.
[15]李运平.储槐植:要正视法定犯时代的到来[N].检察日报,2007-06-01(3).
[16]张明楷.刑法分则的解释原理:上[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011:59-71.
[17]张建军.论刑法中兜底条款的明确性[J].法律科学,2014(2):86-96.
[18]亨利·莱维·布津尔.法律社会学[M].许钧,译.北京:上海人民出版社,1987:70.
[19]齐佩利乌斯.法学方法论[M].金振豹,译.北京:法律出版社,2009:61.
[20]伯恩·魏德士.法理学[M].丁小春,吴越,译.北京:法律出版社,2003:64.
[21]王海桥.刑法解释的基本原理——理念、方法及其运作规则[M].北京:法律出版社,2012:176.
[22]苏彩霞.刑法解释的立场与方法[M].北京:法律出版社,2016:169.
[23]黄茂荣.法学方法与现代民法[M].北京:法律出版社,2007:320.
[24]威尔·金里卡.当代政治哲学:下[M].刘莘,译.上海:上海三联书店,2004:389.
[25]邓子滨.中国实质刑法观批判[M].北京:法律出版社,2017:68.
[26]罗书臻.内蒙古农民收购玉米被判非法经营罪案引争议,最高法院指令巴彦淖尔中院再审[N].人民法院报,2016-12-31(1).
[27]贺洪波.侵犯公民个人信息罪的精准解释[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2018(5):93-102.
[28]郑金玉.论我国法律职业资格考试新变化与法学教育的应对[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2018(8):87-94.
(1)我国著名学者储槐植教授早在2007年就提出,我国的法定犯时代已经到来。并指出,时至今日,给法定犯和自然犯做实质界定已经不可能完成,而只有从形式上给予界定,所谓法定犯,是指规定在除刑事法律之外的其他法律中的犯罪[15]。