中美高校女子高水平竞技比较研究
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摘要
运用文献资料法和比较分析法,对中美高校女子高水平竞技发展现状进行比较研究。对标美国,我国高校女子高水平竞技主要存在男女运动员人数不均,项目、赛事设置不平衡,资金来源单一、经费欠缺等问题。指出,美国高校女子高水平竞技发展的最重要经验即有相关法案作为政策支撑,而我国在这一方面还处于空白。需借鉴美国经验,制订体现"男女平等"价值取向的政策法规,改善目前我国高校女子高水平竞技的弱势状态,保障女子竞技体育的人才培养与输送,加快体育强国建设的步伐。
This paper compares the current development situation of women's high-level competitive sports between Chinese and American universities by means of literature and comparative analysis. Compared with the United States, the high-level women's high-level sports in China's universities mainly have problems such as uneven quantity between male and female athletes, unbalanced setting of events and competitions, single source of funds, and lack of funds. It is pointed out that the most important experience of the development of high-level competitive sports in American universities is that there are related bills as policy support, and China is still in a blank in this respect. It is necessary to learn from the experience of the United States, formulate policies and regulations that embody the value orientation of "equality between men and women", improve the current weak state of women's high-level competitive sports in China's and universities, safeguard the training and transfer of athletes in women's competitive sports, and accelerate the pace of building a strong sport country.
This paper compares the current development situation of women's high-level competitive sports between Chinese and American universities by means of literature and comparative analysis. Compared with the United States, the high-level women's high-level sports in China's universities mainly have problems such as uneven quantity between male and female athletes, unbalanced setting of events and competitions, single source of funds, and lack of funds. It is pointed out that the most important experience of the development of high-level competitive sports in American universities is that there are related bills as policy support, and China is still in a blank in this respect. It is necessary to learn from the experience of the United States, formulate policies and regulations that embody the value orientation of "equality between men and women", improve the current weak state of women's high-level competitive sports in China's and universities, safeguard the training and transfer of athletes in women's competitive sports, and accelerate the pace of building a strong sport country.
引文
[1] 白金凤,江涛,马鸿韬.我国女子竞技体育发展路径探析[J].体育文化导刊,2016(3):94.
[2] 教育部高校学生司.2017年高水平运动队名单(院校名称)[EB/OL].(2018-05-15)[2018-07-24].https://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/zsgs/gspydyzgmd- -met-hod-groupByYx,year-2017.dhtml.
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[4] Title Ⅸ.Education Amendments of 1972[EB/OL].(1972-06-23)[2018-07-28].http://www.dol.gov./oasam/regs/statutes/titleix.htm.
[5] NCAA Sports Sponsorshipand Participation Rates Report 1981-82-2014-15[EB/OL].(2016-03-24)[2018-08-01].http://www.ncaa.org/governance/committees.
[6] 展恩燕,胡惕.《教育法修正案》第九条对美国高校女子体育的影响及启示[J].体育文化导刊,2015(8):161.
[7] 教育部.关于进一步加强普通高校高水平运动队建设的实施意见[EB/OL].(2017-07-06)[2018-09-13].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_938/s3279/201707/t20170717_309431.html.
[8] The Official Website of NCAA Championships[EB/OL].(2018-02-10)[2018-08-09].https://www.ncaa.com.
[9] 张玉国.我国高校竞技体育赛事资源优化配置研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2014.
[10] 2017年中国大学生体育竞赛计划[EB/OL].(2016-12-28)[2018-08-13].https://www.sohu.com/a/122858641_501304.
[11] 池建.走进美国——美国竞技体育发展之路[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2010.
[12] 孙铭,曾吉.我国高校高水平运动队面临的机遇与挑战[J].河北体育学院学报,2018,32(6):51.
[13] 陈庆熙.美国高校竞技体育经费来源基本结构分析[J].上海体育学院学报,2012,30(1):15.
[2] 教育部高校学生司.2017年高水平运动队名单(院校名称)[EB/OL].(2018-05-15)[2018-07-24].https://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/zsgs/gspydyzgmd- -met-hod-groupByYx,year-2017.dhtml.
[3] 徐建华,谢正阳.美国大学校际竞技体育发展的核心理念及对我国的启示[J].体育与科学,2016,37(4):97.
[4] Title Ⅸ.Education Amendments of 1972[EB/OL].(1972-06-23)[2018-07-28].http://www.dol.gov./oasam/regs/statutes/titleix.htm.
[5] NCAA Sports Sponsorshipand Participation Rates Report 1981-82-2014-15[EB/OL].(2016-03-24)[2018-08-01].http://www.ncaa.org/governance/committees.
[6] 展恩燕,胡惕.《教育法修正案》第九条对美国高校女子体育的影响及启示[J].体育文化导刊,2015(8):161.
[7] 教育部.关于进一步加强普通高校高水平运动队建设的实施意见[EB/OL].(2017-07-06)[2018-09-13].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_938/s3279/201707/t20170717_309431.html.
[8] The Official Website of NCAA Championships[EB/OL].(2018-02-10)[2018-08-09].https://www.ncaa.com.
[9] 张玉国.我国高校竞技体育赛事资源优化配置研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2014.
[10] 2017年中国大学生体育竞赛计划[EB/OL].(2016-12-28)[2018-08-13].https://www.sohu.com/a/122858641_501304.
[11] 池建.走进美国——美国竞技体育发展之路[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2010.
[12] 孙铭,曾吉.我国高校高水平运动队面临的机遇与挑战[J].河北体育学院学报,2018,32(6):51.
[13] 陈庆熙.美国高校竞技体育经费来源基本结构分析[J].上海体育学院学报,2012,30(1):15.