优秀赛艇女子双人单桨运动员拉桨阶段技术特点及配艇技术分析
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摘要
目的:分析赛艇双人单桨项目运动员的拉桨技术特点,探讨双人单桨项目运动员配艇的最佳模式。方法:应用赛艇实船运动生物力学测试分析系统,对备战奥运会的国家赛艇队女子单桨运动员进行实船测试。结果:(1)运动员的个体技术风格整体上呈现多元化趋势,主要发力模式集中在中前发力模式和中发力模式;(2)大部分运动员个体能力明显不足,需要提高单位体重最大桨栓力;(3)桨力—桨角曲线轮廓稳定系数和桨力—桨角曲线力量峰值稳定系数越小,技术动作稳定性越好。结论:(1)建议从国家层面进行技术训练方法手段的培训,建立统一的技术训练方法,以利于培养一致的技术风格,为后期多人艇配艇打下良好的技术基础;(2)女子双人单桨的配艇选择应该从最大桨栓力出现时机之差这个指标入手,其值尽可能控制在-3%～0%以内,以形成有效的桨下合力作用,做到"1+1>2"的实际划船效果。
Objective:To analyze the technical characteristics of sweeping rowers,and to discuss the best model for building W2-. Methods:Biomechanical system was applied to test the female sweeping rowers from the national team,who were preparing for the Olympics Games. And the test was launched on water. Results:First,the technique style of athletes was diverse in the middle-front force and middle force pattern. Second,most athletes were insufficient of their individual abilities. The highest blade blot force per weight was needed to be elevated. Thirdly,the smaller of the stability factor of blade force-angle curve outline and the peak force,the steadier of the technique. Conclusions:First,it is suggested that the technique training methods should be carried out from the national level,and a unified technical training method should be established,so as to cultivate a consistent technical style and lay a good technique foundation for the later multi-rower cooperation. Second,in the W2-item,the athlete who reaches her maximum force earlier should lead the boat while the other one follows. Meanwhile,the distance of two peak maximum forces should be controlled from-3% to 0% in order to reach the best affect more than numerical two.
Objective:To analyze the technical characteristics of sweeping rowers,and to discuss the best model for building W2-. Methods:Biomechanical system was applied to test the female sweeping rowers from the national team,who were preparing for the Olympics Games. And the test was launched on water. Results:First,the technique style of athletes was diverse in the middle-front force and middle force pattern. Second,most athletes were insufficient of their individual abilities. The highest blade blot force per weight was needed to be elevated. Thirdly,the smaller of the stability factor of blade force-angle curve outline and the peak force,the steadier of the technique. Conclusions:First,it is suggested that the technique training methods should be carried out from the national level,and a unified technical training method should be established,so as to cultivate a consistent technical style and lay a good technique foundation for the later multi-rower cooperation. Second,in the W2-item,the athlete who reaches her maximum force earlier should lead the boat while the other one follows. Meanwhile,the distance of two peak maximum forces should be controlled from-3% to 0% in order to reach the best affect more than numerical two.
引文
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[2]陈小平.论技术与技术训练[J].体育科研,2006,27(5):35-45.
[3]何海峰,郑伟涛,马勇,等.赛艇运动技术的理学原理及测试分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2005(4):74-78.
[4]曹景伟,季林红,马祖长,等.我国优秀赛艇运动员桨力-时间曲线特征[J].天津体育学院学报,2007,22(4):281-283.
[5]游永豪,宋旭,马祖长,等.我国优秀赛艇运动员划桨技术运动生物力学分析[J].中国体育科技2015,51(4):49:57.
[6]游永豪,宋旭,刘扬,等.单人艇与多人艇配艇训练的运动技术差异-以国家赛艇队女子双桨运动员测试为例[J].体育学刊2016,23(3):123-129.
[7]ALAN M W,CHARLES W. The coordination and consistency of rowers in racing eight[J]. Journal of Sports Science,1995(13):187-197.
[8]陈炜,程亮亮,杨栋栋,等.我国优秀赛艇女子单桨运动员实船运动生物力学特征研究[J].体育科学,2016,12(4):72-76.
[9]ROTH W. Peter Schwanitz,Force-time characteristics of the rowing stroke and corresponding physiological muscle adaptations[J]. Interna?tional Journal of Sports Medicine,1993,14:S32-S34.
[10]卢德明,王庆君,王云德,等.赛艇技术的生物力学研究[J].体育科学,1992(6):75-79.
[11]VOLKER N.赛艇划得更快的科学[M].陈小平,曹春梅,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社,2009:100-101.
[12]耿睿.女子赛艇单人双桨两种划桨技术的运动学研究[D].宁波:宁波大学:2012.
[13]刘扬,孙怡宁,马祖长,等.基于实船动力学测试信息的我国优秀女子赛艇运动员技术特征分析[J].体育科研,2013(7):60-63.
[14]SMITH R M,Loschner C. Biomechanics feedback for rowing[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2002,2:783-791.
[15]Soper C P A. Hume,Towards an Ideal Rowing Technique for Perfor?mance[J].Sports Medicine 2004,34(12):825-848.
[16]SMITH R M,WARWICK L.Discriminant analysis of biomechanical differences between novice,good and elite rowers[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,1995,13:377-385.
[17]HILL S F. Dynamics of coordination within elite rowing crews:evi?dence from force pattern analysis[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2002,20:101-117.
[18]SMITH R M.Richard Draper,Constance,Quantitative Characteristics of Coxless Pair-oar Rowing[J]. 2002,ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.
[19]BACA A,KORNFEIND P.Feedback System for Coordination Train?ing in Double Rowing.[J]The Engineering of Sport 2009,7:659-668.
[20]MCBRIDE M E,SANDERSON D J,ELLIOTT B C.Seat specific tech?nique in pair oared rowing[J]Symposium of the Society of Biomechan?ics in Sports,2001,263-266.
[2]陈小平.论技术与技术训练[J].体育科研,2006,27(5):35-45.
[3]何海峰,郑伟涛,马勇,等.赛艇运动技术的理学原理及测试分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2005(4):74-78.
[4]曹景伟,季林红,马祖长,等.我国优秀赛艇运动员桨力-时间曲线特征[J].天津体育学院学报,2007,22(4):281-283.
[5]游永豪,宋旭,马祖长,等.我国优秀赛艇运动员划桨技术运动生物力学分析[J].中国体育科技2015,51(4):49:57.
[6]游永豪,宋旭,刘扬,等.单人艇与多人艇配艇训练的运动技术差异-以国家赛艇队女子双桨运动员测试为例[J].体育学刊2016,23(3):123-129.
[7]ALAN M W,CHARLES W. The coordination and consistency of rowers in racing eight[J]. Journal of Sports Science,1995(13):187-197.
[8]陈炜,程亮亮,杨栋栋,等.我国优秀赛艇女子单桨运动员实船运动生物力学特征研究[J].体育科学,2016,12(4):72-76.
[9]ROTH W. Peter Schwanitz,Force-time characteristics of the rowing stroke and corresponding physiological muscle adaptations[J]. Interna?tional Journal of Sports Medicine,1993,14:S32-S34.
[10]卢德明,王庆君,王云德,等.赛艇技术的生物力学研究[J].体育科学,1992(6):75-79.
[11]VOLKER N.赛艇划得更快的科学[M].陈小平,曹春梅,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社,2009:100-101.
[12]耿睿.女子赛艇单人双桨两种划桨技术的运动学研究[D].宁波:宁波大学:2012.
[13]刘扬,孙怡宁,马祖长,等.基于实船动力学测试信息的我国优秀女子赛艇运动员技术特征分析[J].体育科研,2013(7):60-63.
[14]SMITH R M,Loschner C. Biomechanics feedback for rowing[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2002,2:783-791.
[15]Soper C P A. Hume,Towards an Ideal Rowing Technique for Perfor?mance[J].Sports Medicine 2004,34(12):825-848.
[16]SMITH R M,WARWICK L.Discriminant analysis of biomechanical differences between novice,good and elite rowers[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,1995,13:377-385.
[17]HILL S F. Dynamics of coordination within elite rowing crews:evi?dence from force pattern analysis[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2002,20:101-117.
[18]SMITH R M.Richard Draper,Constance,Quantitative Characteristics of Coxless Pair-oar Rowing[J]. 2002,ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.
[19]BACA A,KORNFEIND P.Feedback System for Coordination Train?ing in Double Rowing.[J]The Engineering of Sport 2009,7:659-668.
[20]MCBRIDE M E,SANDERSON D J,ELLIOTT B C.Seat specific tech?nique in pair oared rowing[J]Symposium of the Society of Biomechan?ics in Sports,2001,263-266.