负重与振动刺激下的半蹲起踵练习对下肢爆发力的即时影响及其作用机制研究
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摘要
为分析不同刺激下的半蹲起踵练习对下肢爆发力的影响及其作用机制,选取8名有训练经历的受试者依次在4种负荷刺激下(无负重,无振动;50Hz频率振动;45%1RM负重;45%1RM负重+50Hz)进行半蹲起踵练习,每种负荷训练3min,记录负荷刺激过程中下肢肌群的表面肌电活动及负荷刺激结束后受试者即刻的原地纵跳高度.结果显示:与无负重无振动相比,50Hz频率振动、45%1RM负重、45%1RM负重+50Hz负荷刺激下半蹲起踵练习受试者的纵跳高度均有所增加,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05或p<0.01),尤其是负重加振动刺激下纵跳高度增加最为明显;下肢肌群的肌电表现EMGrms值除了半腱肌和胫骨前肌,50Hz频率振动、45%1RM负重、45%1RM负重+50Hz负荷刺激下半蹲起踵练习受试者的下肢肌肉表现EMGrms值均增加明显,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05或p<0.01);负重、振动与负重加振动刺激下半蹲起踵练习后之间的纵跳高度差异不具有统计学意义,外加负重与外加振动刺激下半蹲起踵练习下肢肌群的肌电表现EMGrms值差异不具有统计学意义(除半腱肌外),负重+振动刺激比外加振动或外加负重显著提高了股直肌、腓肠肌内侧的肌电表现EMGrms值.可见负重加振动刺激对提高主动肌的力量和肌肉激活程度效果显著,但对对抗肌的激活并无优势,建议在下肢爆发力的训练中重视对对抗肌的训练.
In order to analyze the effect and mechanism of half-squat heel exercises under different stimulation on lower limb explosive force,8subjects have been studied with training experience experienced halfsquat heel exercises under non-load and non-vibration,vibration of 50 Hz frequency,45%1RM load,45%1RM load plus 50 Hz vibration respectively.3 minutes of training were performed in each group.The height of the vertical jump was significantly increased in stimulated groups,especially under the stimulation of load plus vibration(p<0.05 or p<0.01).The EMGrms value of the lower limb muscle was significantly increased except for the tendons and tibial anterior muscles(p<0.05 or p<0.01).There was no significant difference in the vertical jump height among load,vibration and load plus vibration group,and no significant difference in EMGrms(except half tendons)of the lower extremities with load and vibration group.Theelectromyographic value of EMGrms was significantly increased in loading plus vibration group.The effect of load plus vibration stimulation on strength of active muscle is significant,but it has no advantage on resistance muscle.
In order to analyze the effect and mechanism of half-squat heel exercises under different stimulation on lower limb explosive force,8subjects have been studied with training experience experienced halfsquat heel exercises under non-load and non-vibration,vibration of 50 Hz frequency,45%1RM load,45%1RM load plus 50 Hz vibration respectively.3 minutes of training were performed in each group.The height of the vertical jump was significantly increased in stimulated groups,especially under the stimulation of load plus vibration(p<0.05 or p<0.01).The EMGrms value of the lower limb muscle was significantly increased except for the tendons and tibial anterior muscles(p<0.05 or p<0.01).There was no significant difference in the vertical jump height among load,vibration and load plus vibration group,and no significant difference in EMGrms(except half tendons)of the lower extremities with load and vibration group.Theelectromyographic value of EMGrms was significantly increased in loading plus vibration group.The effect of load plus vibration stimulation on strength of active muscle is significant,but it has no advantage on resistance muscle.
引文
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[23]徐国龙.两种振动训练形式与传统抗阻训练对下肢爆发力影响的比较研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2014.
[24]王宝成.起跳过程肌肉工作特点探讨[J].西安体育学院学报,1987(1):24-27.
[25]袁艳.负重振动力量训练的神经肌肉适应特征及其机制研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2013.
[26]MARTIN B J,PARK H S.Analysis of the Tonic Vibration Reflex:Influence of Vibration Variables on Motor Unit Synchronization and Fatigue[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology,1997,75(6):504-511.
[27]张园园,潘化平,许光旭,等.不同振动条件下的正常人体下肢肌肉表面肌电分析[J].中国康复医学杂志,2013,28(12):1093-1096,1145.
[28]冉彬,刘斌.核心力量训练对体育高考生身体素质项目成绩的影响研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,41(4):146-150.
[2]袁艳,吴贻刚,苏彦炬,等.不同频率振动刺激和负重条件下半蹲运动中小腿肌群表面肌电活动特征研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2012,27(4):287-291.
[3]董德龙,王卫星,梁建平.振动、核心及功能性力量训练的认识[J].北京体育大学学报,2010,33(5):105-109.
[4]徐国龙.两种振动训练形式与传统抗阻训练对下肢爆发力影响的比较研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2014.
[5]丁佳宁.最大力量1RM的测试方案[EB/OL].[2017-12-28](2018-03-15).http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_64911ebe0100qnub.html.
[6]李玉章.表面肌电在体育中的应用[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2015.
[7]刘学贞,李世民.纵跳理论研究进展[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(1):65-70.
[8]凤翔云,刘卉.不同频率振动训练对下肢爆发力和柔韧性的即时影响研究[J].体育科学,2010,30(12):71-76.
[9]RITTWEGER J,BELLER G,FELSENBERG D.Acute Physiological Effects of Exhaustive Whole-Body Vibration Exercise in Man[J].Clinical Physiology,2000,20(2):134-142.
[10]任满迎,闫琪,刘颖.不同频率全身振动刺激对运动员下肢肌群力量训练效果的对比研究[J].体育科学,2008,28(12):39-43,68.
[11]罗炯.自行车骑行过程中频率及生理节律对下肢肌电的影响研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,35(1):192-196.
[12]李玉章.表面肌电在体育中的应用[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2015.
[13]曲峰.运动员表面肌电信号与分形[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2008.
[14]武丽平.不同负重杠铃下蹲对纵跳成绩的短时影响[D].西安:西安体育学院,2014.
[15]李玉章.不同振动模式中小腿肌肉的诱发激活特征比较研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(4):336-339.
[16]欧阳秀雄,湛超军.振动训练同振幅不同频率与振动时间对血流量变化的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2008,31(7):929-931.
[17]袁艳,吴贻刚,苏彦炬,等.振动频率和负荷重量对半蹲起大腿肌群表面肌电活动的影响[J].体育科学,2012,32(10):64-68,97.
[18]MESTER J,SPITZENFEIL P,SCHWARZER J,et al.Biological Reaction to Vibration-Implications for Sport[J].Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,1999,2(23):211-226.
[19]赵丙军.国外力量训练研究知识网络的结构及演化特征[D].上海:上海体育学院,2013.
[20]COCHRANE D J.The Acute Effect of Direct Vibration on Muscular Power Performance in Master Athletes[J].International Journal of Sports Medicine,2016,37(2):144-148.
[21]CARDINALE M,BOSCO C.The Use of Vibration as an Exercise Intervention[J].Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews,2003,31(1):3-7.
[22]宋佩成,李玉章.振动训练法研究进展[J].体育科研,2010,31(2):78-82.
[23]徐国龙.两种振动训练形式与传统抗阻训练对下肢爆发力影响的比较研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2014.
[24]王宝成.起跳过程肌肉工作特点探讨[J].西安体育学院学报,1987(1):24-27.
[25]袁艳.负重振动力量训练的神经肌肉适应特征及其机制研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2013.
[26]MARTIN B J,PARK H S.Analysis of the Tonic Vibration Reflex:Influence of Vibration Variables on Motor Unit Synchronization and Fatigue[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology,1997,75(6):504-511.
[27]张园园,潘化平,许光旭,等.不同振动条件下的正常人体下肢肌肉表面肌电分析[J].中国康复医学杂志,2013,28(12):1093-1096,1145.
[28]冉彬,刘斌.核心力量训练对体育高考生身体素质项目成绩的影响研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,41(4):146-150.