不同海域、不同腐蚀区带Q235碳钢实海挂片腐蚀产物层内微生物调查
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摘要
将Q235碳钢样品挂于不同海域(青岛和三亚)的不同腐蚀区带(潮差区和全浸区),在不同的时间点(90,180和270 d)取出,就腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物成分进行分析,并采用传统平板分离和16S r DNA序列分析技术对腐蚀产物层中的微生物进行分离、纯化和培养。结果表明,Q235碳钢在不同海域不同腐蚀区带的腐蚀速率不同,且潮差区的腐蚀速率总是大于全浸区的;不同腐蚀区带腐蚀产物的内外层成分存在差别,外层含有Fe3O4,α-Fe OOH和γ-Fe OOH等,内层主要是Fe3O4,而不同海域形成的腐蚀产物成分差别不明显。不同时空下不同腐蚀区带Q235碳钢挂片腐蚀产物层中的细菌群落结构复杂且存在差异,主要包括硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌和好氧/兼性厌氧菌等;在相同时空条件下,全浸区的细菌种类和数量均高于潮差区的,且更容易检测到硫酸盐还原菌的存在;好氧/兼性厌氧菌种类丰富,以弧菌属、芽孢杆菌属和假交替单胞菌属为优势菌。
Q235 carbon steel samples were exposed to tidal-and full immersion-zone at two selected sea waters, namely Qingdao-and Sanya-sea waters for 90, 180 and 270 d months respectively.Then, of which the corrosion morphology, corrosion rate, and the composition of corrosion products were characterized, while the microorganisms in the rust scales were isolated, purified, and identified with the aid of the conventional plate isolation and 16 S r DNA sequencing technologies. It was found that the corrosion rate of Q235 carbon steel varied with the location of the test samples and the corrosion rate of the test sample in the tidal zone was always higher than that in the immersion zone. There were variations in the composition of the inner-and outer-layer of corrosion products, and the outer consisted of Fe3 O4,α-Fe OOH, and γ-Fe OOH, while Fe3 O4 dominated in the inner layer. Furthermore, the composition of rust scales was independent on the sea waters. There was a complex microorganism community in the rust scales, which varied with the exposure sea waters and time, as well as the location of test samples. The community was comprised of sulphate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and aerobic bacteria/facultativeanaerobes. More species and a larger quantity of isolated bacteria were obtained for the corrosion scales formed in the immersion zone than those in the tidal zone at any exposure time, and it was more facile to detect sulphate-reducing bacteria for the corrosion scales formed in the immersion zone. Aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes covered diverse genera, and the dominant bacteria were Vibrio sp., Bacillus sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp..
Q235 carbon steel samples were exposed to tidal-and full immersion-zone at two selected sea waters, namely Qingdao-and Sanya-sea waters for 90, 180 and 270 d months respectively.Then, of which the corrosion morphology, corrosion rate, and the composition of corrosion products were characterized, while the microorganisms in the rust scales were isolated, purified, and identified with the aid of the conventional plate isolation and 16 S r DNA sequencing technologies. It was found that the corrosion rate of Q235 carbon steel varied with the location of the test samples and the corrosion rate of the test sample in the tidal zone was always higher than that in the immersion zone. There were variations in the composition of the inner-and outer-layer of corrosion products, and the outer consisted of Fe3 O4,α-Fe OOH, and γ-Fe OOH, while Fe3 O4 dominated in the inner layer. Furthermore, the composition of rust scales was independent on the sea waters. There was a complex microorganism community in the rust scales, which varied with the exposure sea waters and time, as well as the location of test samples. The community was comprised of sulphate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and aerobic bacteria/facultativeanaerobes. More species and a larger quantity of isolated bacteria were obtained for the corrosion scales formed in the immersion zone than those in the tidal zone at any exposure time, and it was more facile to detect sulphate-reducing bacteria for the corrosion scales formed in the immersion zone. Aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes covered diverse genera, and the dominant bacteria were Vibrio sp., Bacillus sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp..
引文
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[19]Yu L,Duan J Z,Du X Q,et al.Accelerated anaerobic corrosion of electroactive sulfate-reducing bacteria by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry[J].Electrochem.Commun.,2013,26:101
[20]Ghiorse W C.Biology of iron-and manganese-depositing bacteria[J].Annu.Rev.Microbiol.,1984,38:515
[21]Zakharova Y R,Prfenova V V.A method for cultivation of microorganisms oxidizing iron and manganese in bottom sediments of Lake Baikal[J].Biol.Bull.,2007,34:236
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[27]Duan J Z,Zhang X J.Formation of rust layer influenced by microorganisms on steel immersed in seawater and its environmental effect[J].Geol.J.China Univ.,2007,13:631(段继周,张晓军.海水中钢铁锈层的微生物成因及其环境效应[J].高校地质学报,2007,13:631)
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[29]Luan X,Duan J Z,Chi Z M.Diversity of bacterial community on the surface of Q235 steel in temperate coastal marine waters[J].Period.Ocean Univ.China,2012,42(Suppl.1):107(栾鑫,段继周,池振明.青岛近海碳钢锈层中细菌群落结构的多样性[J].中国海洋大学学报,2012,42(增刊1):107
[30]Lv J F,Li J,Mo Z L,et al.Microorganism identification by 16S r DNA of concrete surface exposed to a tidal zone[J].J.Harbin Eng.Univ.,2010,31:1386(吕建福,李杰,莫照兰等.海洋潮差区混凝土表面微生物16S r DNA分子鉴定[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2010,31:1386
[31]Lv J F,Ba H J.Splash zone concrete of marine concrete engineering by SEM and surface microorganism identification by 16S r RNA[J].J.Wuhan Univ.Technol.,2009,31(2):28(吕建福,巴恒静.海洋浪溅区混凝土SEM及表面微生物16S r RNA鉴定[J].武汉理工大学学报,2009,31(2):28)
[32]Wu J J,Zhang D,Wang P,et al.The influence of Desulfovibrio sp.and Pseudoalteromonas sp.on the corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in natural seawater[J].Corros.Sci.,2016,112:552
[33]Li E E,Wu J J,Wang P,et al.D-phenylalanine inhibits biofilm development of a marine microbe,Pseudoalteromonas sp.SC2014[J].FEMS Microbiol.Lett.,2016,363:198
[2]Gu C X,Shang Y J,Fan C H,et al.Advances in microbial corrosion research in deep sea environment[J].Mar.Technol.,2012,(3):61(顾彩香,尚燕杰,范春华等.深海环境微生物腐蚀研究的进展[J].航海技术,2012,(3):61)
[3]Forsyth R A.Microbial induced corrosion in ports and harbors worldwide[A].12th Triannual International Conference on Ports2010[C].Reston,VA,2010:932
[4]Li C Y,Huang Z G,Zhang L X,et al.Studies on the ecology of fouling organisms in lvshun harbor,Liaoning province,China[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,1982,2:61(李传燕,黄宗国,张良兴等.旅顺港附着生物生态的研究[J].生态学报,1982,2:61
[5]Ma S D,Wang K,Zhao J,et al.A preliminary study on the evolution of the main large-scale boufoulingcommunity in Qingdao harbor[A].Proceedings of the China Marine Lakes Society 10th Member Congress 2012 Marine Corrosion and Boufouling Symposium Summary F[C].Wenzhou,2012:58(马士德,王科,赵君等.青岛港湾主要大型污损生物群落组成演化初步探讨[A].第五届国际海洋与重防腐涂料及涂装技术研讨会暨2012年中国涂料工业协会防腐涂料分会[C].温州,2012:58)
[6]Xue J Z,Wang B Q,Zhuang H,et al.Community structure and diversity of fouling organisms in Yangshan port[J].Sci.Technol.Rev.,2011,29:66(薛俊增,王宝强,庄骅等.洋山港码头污损生物的群落结构和多样性研究[J].科技导报,2011,29:66)
[7]Lin G M,Xiang P,Li B Q,et al.Species diversity and distribution of fouling organism in Xiamen harbor[J].Trans.Oceanol.Limnol.,2010,(3):65(林更铭,项鹏,李炳乾等.厦门港污损生物物种多样性和分布特征[J].海洋湖沼通报,2010,(3):65)
[8]Yan S K,Huang Z G.Defaced biological community of pier pile for Daya bay[J].Acta Oceanol.Sin.,1992,14(3):114(严颂凯,黄宗国.大亚湾码头桩柱的污损生物群落[J].海洋学报,1992,14(3):114)
[9]Li H X,Yan Y,He W H,et al.An ecological study on fouling in the waters off the Bailong Peninsula in the Beibu gulf[J].J.Trop.Oceanogr.,2010,29(3):108(李恒翔,严岩,何伟宏等.北部湾白龙半岛邻近海域污损生物生态研究[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(3):108)
[10]Lin Y S,Ye D Z,Yao R M,et al.On the formation and succession of the marine microfouling organisms community in the Xiamen harbor[J].Marine Sci.Bull.,1983,2(3):45(林燕顺,叶德赞,姚瑞梅等.海洋微型附着生物的研究——厦门港微型附着生物群落的形成和演替(冬季)[J].海洋通报,1983,2(3):45)
[11]Wu J Y,Xiao W L,Chai K,et al.The single effect of microbe on the corrosion behaviors of 45 steel in seawater of tropical ocean environment[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2010,46:118(吴进怡,肖伟龙,柴柯等.热带海洋环境下海水中微生物对45钢腐蚀行为的单因素影响[J].金属学报,2010,46:118)
[12]Yu Y,Wang J H,Fang S T,et al.Study on community structure and chemical constituents of fermentation broth in biofouling biofilms[J].Marine Sci.,2014,38(9):27(于洋,王建华,方圣涛等.海洋污损细菌群落结构及其发酵液中化学成分的研究[J].海洋科学,2014,38(9):27)
[13]Zhu X R,Huang G Q,Lin L Y,et al.Research progress on the long period corrosion law of metallic materials in seawater[J].J.Chin.Soc.Corros.Prot.,2005,25:142(朱相荣,黄桂桥,林乐耘等.金属材料长周期海水腐蚀规律研究[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2005,25:142)
[14]Xia L T,Huang G Q,Ding L P.Sea water corrsion properties of carbon steel and low alloy steel[J].Res.Stud.Found.Equip.,2002,(4):14(夏兰廷,黄桂桥,丁路平.碳钢及低合金钢的海水腐蚀性能[J].铸造设备与工艺,2002,(4):14)
[15]Zou Y,Zheng Y Y,Wang Y H,et al.Cathodic electrochemical behaviors of mild steel in seawater[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2010,46:123(邹妍,郑莹莹,王燕华等.低碳钢在海水中的阴极电化学行为[J].金属学报,2010,46:123
[16]García K E,Morales A L,Barrero C A,et al.New contributions to the understanding of rust layer formation in steels exposed to a total immersion test[J].Corros.Sci.,2006,48:2813
[17]Mcneil M B,Odom A L.Thermodynamic prediction of microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)by sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)[Z].ASTM Special Technical Publication,1994:173
[18]Yu L,Duan J Z,Zhao W,et al.Characteristics of hydrogen evolution and oxidation catalyzed by Desulfovibrio caledoniensis biofilm on pyrolytic graphite electrode[J].Electrochim.Acta,2011,56:9041
[19]Yu L,Duan J Z,Du X Q,et al.Accelerated anaerobic corrosion of electroactive sulfate-reducing bacteria by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry[J].Electrochem.Commun.,2013,26:101
[20]Ghiorse W C.Biology of iron-and manganese-depositing bacteria[J].Annu.Rev.Microbiol.,1984,38:515
[21]Zakharova Y R,Prfenova V V.A method for cultivation of microorganisms oxidizing iron and manganese in bottom sediments of Lake Baikal[J].Biol.Bull.,2007,34:236
[22]Starosvetsky D,Armon R,Yahalom J,et al.Pitting corrosion of carbon steel caused by iron bacteria[J].Int.Biodeter.Biodegr.,2001,47:79
[23]Bao Z R,Yu X H,Li W,et al.Investigation on iron and manganese redox bacteria[J].Microbiol.China,1996,23:48(鲍志戎,于湘晖,李惟等.铁、锰氧化还原细菌研究概况[J].微生物学通报,1996,23:48)
[24]Ashassi-Sorkhabi H,Moradi-Haghighi M,Zarrini G,et al.Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the presence of two novel iron-oxidizing bacteria isolated from sewage treatment plants[J].Biodegradation,2012,23:69
[25]Xu C M,Zhang Y H,Cheng G X,et al.Localized corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in the presence of sulfate-reducing and iron-oxidizing bacteria[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2007,A443:235
[26]Guo P,Yan M,Huang G Q,et al.A study on microbiologically influenced corrosion of a carbon steel in seawater[J].Corros.Sci.Prot.Technol.,2006,18:410(郭鹏,颜民,黄桂桥等.海水中碳钢内锈层中的微生物及其对腐蚀的影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2006,18:410)
[27]Duan J Z,Zhang X J.Formation of rust layer influenced by microorganisms on steel immersed in seawater and its environmental effect[J].Geol.J.China Univ.,2007,13:631(段继周,张晓军.海水中钢铁锈层的微生物成因及其环境效应[J].高校地质学报,2007,13:631)
[28]Yang Y H,Xiao W L,Chai K,et al.Composition of bacteria in corrosion product of carbon steel with different carbon content immersed in seawater for different time[J].J.Chin.Soc.Corros.Prot.,2011,31:294(杨雨辉,肖伟龙,柴柯等.碳含量和浸泡时间对碳钢热带自然海水腐蚀产物中细菌组成的影响[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2011,31:294)
[29]Luan X,Duan J Z,Chi Z M.Diversity of bacterial community on the surface of Q235 steel in temperate coastal marine waters[J].Period.Ocean Univ.China,2012,42(Suppl.1):107(栾鑫,段继周,池振明.青岛近海碳钢锈层中细菌群落结构的多样性[J].中国海洋大学学报,2012,42(增刊1):107
[30]Lv J F,Li J,Mo Z L,et al.Microorganism identification by 16S r DNA of concrete surface exposed to a tidal zone[J].J.Harbin Eng.Univ.,2010,31:1386(吕建福,李杰,莫照兰等.海洋潮差区混凝土表面微生物16S r DNA分子鉴定[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2010,31:1386
[31]Lv J F,Ba H J.Splash zone concrete of marine concrete engineering by SEM and surface microorganism identification by 16S r RNA[J].J.Wuhan Univ.Technol.,2009,31(2):28(吕建福,巴恒静.海洋浪溅区混凝土SEM及表面微生物16S r RNA鉴定[J].武汉理工大学学报,2009,31(2):28)
[32]Wu J J,Zhang D,Wang P,et al.The influence of Desulfovibrio sp.and Pseudoalteromonas sp.on the corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in natural seawater[J].Corros.Sci.,2016,112:552
[33]Li E E,Wu J J,Wang P,et al.D-phenylalanine inhibits biofilm development of a marine microbe,Pseudoalteromonas sp.SC2014[J].FEMS Microbiol.Lett.,2016,363:198