苹果摘叶及枝干喷施尿素对春季土施~(15)N-尿素吸收利用的影响
|
摘要
以6年生‘烟富3’/SH6/平邑甜茶为试材,利用~(15)N同位素标记,研究LP+NU(2015年落叶前摘叶+2016年萌芽前枝干不喷施尿素)、LP+U(2015年落叶前摘叶+2016年萌芽前枝干喷施尿素)、NLP+NU(2015年落叶前不摘叶+2016年萌芽前枝干不喷施尿素)、NLP+U(2015年落叶前不摘叶+2016年萌芽前枝干喷施尿素)处理对苹果春季土施~(15)N-尿素吸收、分配及利用特性的影响。结果表明:不同处理苹果根部贮藏营养水平差异显著,其中NLP+U处理苹果根系淀粉、可溶性总糖、蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量分别为39.71 mg/g、11.28 mg/g、25.74 mg/g、0.31 mg/g,高于LP+NU、LP+U、NLP+NU处理;NLP+U(2015年不摘叶+2016年枝干喷施尿素)处理对苹果根系生长促进作用显著,其根长、根表面积、根尖数、表面积密度、根长密度等根系形态指标及根系生物量由高到低分别为NLP+U>NLP+NU>LP+U>LP+NU处理,且新梢旺长期苹果植株体内全氮含量由高到低顺序为NLP+U>NLP+NU>LP+U>LP+NU;不同处理间苹果各器官Ndff值存在明显差异,且均以根的Ndff最高,各器官的Ndff值均以NLP+U处理最高,LP+NU处理最低。NLP+U处理显著提高了苹果植株氮素利用率。
Six-year-old 'Yanfu3'/SH6/Malus hupehensis Rehd. and ~(15)N trace technique were used to explore the effects of LP+NU(leaves were removed before defoliation in 2015, and no urea was sprayed on stems before 2016), LP+U(leaves were removed before defoliation in 2015, spraying urea in stems before 2016), NLP+NU(In 2015, leaves were not picked before defoliation, and no urea was sprayed on stems before 2016), NLP+U(Leaves were not picked before 2015, and urea was sprayed on branches before germination in 2016) on ~(15)N-urea absorption, utilization and loss of Fuji apple. The main results were as follow: The nutrition level of Apple roots was significantly different under different treatments, The contents of starch, total soluble sugar, protein and free amino acid in Apple roots under NLP+U treatment were 39.71 mg/g, 11.28 mg/g,25.74 mg/g and 0.31 mg/g respectively, higher than those of LP+NU, LP+U and NLP+NU treatments; The effects of NLP+U(Leaves were not picked before 2015, and urea was sprayed on branches before germination in 2016) treatment on apple root growth was significant,root length, root surface area, root tip number, surface area density, root length density and other root morphological indexes and root biomass from high to low were NLP+U > NLP+NU > LP+U > LP+NU treatment the order of total nitrogen content in new shoot growing from high to low was NLP+U > NLP+NU > LP+U > LP+NU, the Ndff values of apple organs in different treatments were significantly different, and the Ndff of roots was the highest, the Ndff values of all organs were the highest in NLP+U treatment, and lowest in LP+NU treatment. At the same time, NLP+U treatment significantly increased the nitrogen use efficiency of apple plants.
Six-year-old 'Yanfu3'/SH6/Malus hupehensis Rehd. and ~(15)N trace technique were used to explore the effects of LP+NU(leaves were removed before defoliation in 2015, and no urea was sprayed on stems before 2016), LP+U(leaves were removed before defoliation in 2015, spraying urea in stems before 2016), NLP+NU(In 2015, leaves were not picked before defoliation, and no urea was sprayed on stems before 2016), NLP+U(Leaves were not picked before 2015, and urea was sprayed on branches before germination in 2016) on ~(15)N-urea absorption, utilization and loss of Fuji apple. The main results were as follow: The nutrition level of Apple roots was significantly different under different treatments, The contents of starch, total soluble sugar, protein and free amino acid in Apple roots under NLP+U treatment were 39.71 mg/g, 11.28 mg/g,25.74 mg/g and 0.31 mg/g respectively, higher than those of LP+NU, LP+U and NLP+NU treatments; The effects of NLP+U(Leaves were not picked before 2015, and urea was sprayed on branches before germination in 2016) treatment on apple root growth was significant,root length, root surface area, root tip number, surface area density, root length density and other root morphological indexes and root biomass from high to low were NLP+U > NLP+NU > LP+U > LP+NU treatment the order of total nitrogen content in new shoot growing from high to low was NLP+U > NLP+NU > LP+U > LP+NU, the Ndff values of apple organs in different treatments were significantly different, and the Ndff of roots was the highest, the Ndff values of all organs were the highest in NLP+U treatment, and lowest in LP+NU treatment. At the same time, NLP+U treatment significantly increased the nitrogen use efficiency of apple plants.
引文
[1]顾曼如,张若抒,束怀瑞,等.苹果氮素营养研究初报—植株中氮素营养的年周期变化特性[J].园艺学报,1981,8(4):21-28
[2] Millard P, Neilsen GH. The influence of nitrogen supply on the uptake and remobilization of stored N for the seasonal growth of apple trees[J]. Ann.Bot., 1989,63:301-309
[3] Roubelakis-Angelakis KA, Kliewer WM. Nitrogen metabolism in grapevine[J]. Horticultural Reviewer, 1992,14:447-452
[3] Cheng L, Fuchigami LH. Growth of young apple trees in relation to reserve nitrogen and carbohydrates[J]. Tree Physiology, 2002,22:1297-1303
[4] Michael SW. Optimizing tree density in apple orchards[J]. The Compact Fruit Tree, 2000,33(4):119-122
[5] Claudio DV, Chiara C, Marina B, et al. Effect of interstock\(M.9andM.27)on vegetative growth and yield of apple trees[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2009,119:270-274
[6]赵静文,张乃文,王红,等.不同土表管理措施对梨树根系分布特征的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):164-171
[7]段彦丹.梨树休眠期贮藏营养的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2006
[8] Taylor BK, May LH. The nitrogen nutrition of the peach tree II.Storage and mobilization of nitrogen in young trees[J].Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 1967,20:389-411
[9]顾曼如.15N在苹果氮素营养研究中的应用[J].中国果树,1990(2):46-48
[10]曾骧,韩振海,郝中宁.果树叶片氮素贮藏和再利用规律及其对果树生长发育的影响[J].北京农业大学学报,1991,17(2):97-102
[11] Maria LM. Influence of planting and training systems on fruit yield in apple orchard[J]. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 2004,12:97-104
[12]丁宁,姜远茂,彭福田,等.分次追施氮肥对红富士苹果叶片衰老影响及15N-尿素吸收、利用特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):758-764
[13]李晶,姜远茂,魏靖,等.不同氮水平下不同中间砧苹果幼树的生长及氮吸收、利用、分配特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):1088-1094
[14]李红波,葛顺峰,姜远茂,等.嘎拉苹果不同施肥深度对15N-尿素的吸收分配与利用特性[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(7):1408-1414
[15]李洪娜,葛顺峰,门永阁,等.苹果树矮化中间砧SH6对幼树氮素吸收、分配和贮藏的影响[J].园艺学报,2014,41(5):851-858
[16]彭福田,姜远茂,顾曼如,等.落叶果树氮素营养研究进展[J].果树学报,2003,20(1):54-58
[17]郝中宁,曾骧.秋季叶施尿素及乙烯利对枣树贮藏氮素的影响[J].园艺学报,1991,18(2):102-106
[18]张序,姜远茂,彭福田,等."红灯"甜樱桃对秋季叶施15N-尿素的吸收、分配及利用特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):684-688
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:农业出版社:2000:263-268
[20]于锡斌,刘润进.根外施肥对苹果叶片的影响[J].果树科学,1995,12(3):171-172
[21]管长志,曾骧,孟昭清.巨峰葡萄晚秋叶施15N-尿素的吸收、运转、贮藏和再分配[J].园艺学报,1993,20(3):237-242
[22]徐季娥,林裕益,吕瑞江,等.鸭梨秋施15N-尿素的吸收与分配[J].园艺学报,1993,20(2):145-149
[23]顾曼如,束怀瑞,周宏伟.苹果氮素营养研究Ⅳ.贮藏15N的运转、分配特性[J].园艺学报,1986,13(1):25–30
[24]赵林,姜远茂,彭福田,等.苹果园春季土施尿素的利用及其在土壤中的累积[J].园艺学报,2009,36(12):1805-1809
[2] Millard P, Neilsen GH. The influence of nitrogen supply on the uptake and remobilization of stored N for the seasonal growth of apple trees[J]. Ann.Bot., 1989,63:301-309
[3] Roubelakis-Angelakis KA, Kliewer WM. Nitrogen metabolism in grapevine[J]. Horticultural Reviewer, 1992,14:447-452
[3] Cheng L, Fuchigami LH. Growth of young apple trees in relation to reserve nitrogen and carbohydrates[J]. Tree Physiology, 2002,22:1297-1303
[4] Michael SW. Optimizing tree density in apple orchards[J]. The Compact Fruit Tree, 2000,33(4):119-122
[5] Claudio DV, Chiara C, Marina B, et al. Effect of interstock\(M.9andM.27)on vegetative growth and yield of apple trees[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2009,119:270-274
[6]赵静文,张乃文,王红,等.不同土表管理措施对梨树根系分布特征的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):164-171
[7]段彦丹.梨树休眠期贮藏营养的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2006
[8] Taylor BK, May LH. The nitrogen nutrition of the peach tree II.Storage and mobilization of nitrogen in young trees[J].Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 1967,20:389-411
[9]顾曼如.15N在苹果氮素营养研究中的应用[J].中国果树,1990(2):46-48
[10]曾骧,韩振海,郝中宁.果树叶片氮素贮藏和再利用规律及其对果树生长发育的影响[J].北京农业大学学报,1991,17(2):97-102
[11] Maria LM. Influence of planting and training systems on fruit yield in apple orchard[J]. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 2004,12:97-104
[12]丁宁,姜远茂,彭福田,等.分次追施氮肥对红富士苹果叶片衰老影响及15N-尿素吸收、利用特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):758-764
[13]李晶,姜远茂,魏靖,等.不同氮水平下不同中间砧苹果幼树的生长及氮吸收、利用、分配特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):1088-1094
[14]李红波,葛顺峰,姜远茂,等.嘎拉苹果不同施肥深度对15N-尿素的吸收分配与利用特性[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(7):1408-1414
[15]李洪娜,葛顺峰,门永阁,等.苹果树矮化中间砧SH6对幼树氮素吸收、分配和贮藏的影响[J].园艺学报,2014,41(5):851-858
[16]彭福田,姜远茂,顾曼如,等.落叶果树氮素营养研究进展[J].果树学报,2003,20(1):54-58
[17]郝中宁,曾骧.秋季叶施尿素及乙烯利对枣树贮藏氮素的影响[J].园艺学报,1991,18(2):102-106
[18]张序,姜远茂,彭福田,等."红灯"甜樱桃对秋季叶施15N-尿素的吸收、分配及利用特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):684-688
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:农业出版社:2000:263-268
[20]于锡斌,刘润进.根外施肥对苹果叶片的影响[J].果树科学,1995,12(3):171-172
[21]管长志,曾骧,孟昭清.巨峰葡萄晚秋叶施15N-尿素的吸收、运转、贮藏和再分配[J].园艺学报,1993,20(3):237-242
[22]徐季娥,林裕益,吕瑞江,等.鸭梨秋施15N-尿素的吸收与分配[J].园艺学报,1993,20(2):145-149
[23]顾曼如,束怀瑞,周宏伟.苹果氮素营养研究Ⅳ.贮藏15N的运转、分配特性[J].园艺学报,1986,13(1):25–30
[24]赵林,姜远茂,彭福田,等.苹果园春季土施尿素的利用及其在土壤中的累积[J].园艺学报,2009,36(12):1805-1809