大兴安岭低质林生态改造后枯落物水文效应变化
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摘要
试验样地设置在大兴安岭地区翠峰林场174林班,对大兴安岭白桦低质林枯落物未分解层及半分解层蓄积量、自然持水率、最大持水率、最大持水量、有效拦蓄量5个指标进行连续4 a的观测,研究发现带状生态改造对枯落物的蓄积量、最大持水量、有效拦蓄量及自然持水率影响属于中度变异。对枯落物未分解层最大持水率属于高度变异,而对其半分解层最大持水率属于中度变异。带状生态改造对低质林枯落物的影响较为适中。林窗生态改造对枯落物的蓄积量、最大持水量影响属于高度变异,对自然持水量、有效拦蓄量的影响属于中度变异,对枯落物未分解层最大持水率影响属于高度变异,而对枯落物半分解层最大持水率影响属于中度变异。经过4 a带状及林窗生态改造后,生态改造带宽度6 m的样地,其枯落物蓄积量最大,水土保持能力最佳;生态改造带宽度14m的样地,枯落物有效拦蓄量最大,水源涵养功能最佳。
We took 174 blocks from Cuifeng Forest Bureau in Daxing'an Mountains to observe the total storage,natural water capacity,maximum water capacity,maximum water content rate,effective retain rate of the white birch low-quality in both undecomposed litter and half-decomposed litter in successive four years. The belt-ecological reformation had moderate effects on the total storage,natural water capacity,maximum water capacity,and effective retain rate. While the belt-ecological reformation affected the maximum water content rate of undecomposed litter highly,it affected the half-decomposed moderately. The influence of belt-ecological reformation is middling. By window-ecological reformation,the total storage and maximum water capacity was strongly affected,meanwhile,effective retain rate and natural water capacity was moderately varied. The maximum water content rate and the undecomposed level changed significantly,while the half-decomposed varied middling. After four years' reformation,the plot with 6-m width had the largest total storage,and it could hold the soil and water best. The effective retain rate for the plot with 14-m width was the biggest,and its water-conservation is best.
We took 174 blocks from Cuifeng Forest Bureau in Daxing'an Mountains to observe the total storage,natural water capacity,maximum water capacity,maximum water content rate,effective retain rate of the white birch low-quality in both undecomposed litter and half-decomposed litter in successive four years. The belt-ecological reformation had moderate effects on the total storage,natural water capacity,maximum water capacity,and effective retain rate. While the belt-ecological reformation affected the maximum water content rate of undecomposed litter highly,it affected the half-decomposed moderately. The influence of belt-ecological reformation is middling. By window-ecological reformation,the total storage and maximum water capacity was strongly affected,meanwhile,effective retain rate and natural water capacity was moderately varied. The maximum water content rate and the undecomposed level changed significantly,while the half-decomposed varied middling. After four years' reformation,the plot with 6-m width had the largest total storage,and it could hold the soil and water best. The effective retain rate for the plot with 14-m width was the biggest,and its water-conservation is best.
引文
[1]毛波,董希斌,宋启亮,等.大兴安岭白桦低质林改造后土壤肥力的综合评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(10):72-76.
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[3]韩友志,邢兆凯,顾宇书,等.浑河上游白桦冷杉等9种林分枯落物储量及持水特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(11):15-18.
[4]王意锟,方升佐,唐罗忠.营林措施及环境与森林凋落物分解的相互关系研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2011,24(2):47-52.
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[8]宋启亮,董希斌,李勇,等.采伐干扰和火烧对大兴安岭森林土壤化学性质的影响[J].森林工程,2010,26(5):4-7.
[9]李国林,魏强,凌雷,等.甘肃省兴隆山天然林下苔藓凋落物蓄积量及持水特性[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):300-304.
[10]蒋俊明,费世民,余英,等.长宁竹海5种林分类型的水文效应评价[J].西部林业科学,2006,35(2):17-22.
[11]王波,张洪江,杜士才,等.三峡库区天然次生林凋落物森林水文效应研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(3):84-87.
[12]张峰,彭祚登,安永兴,等.北京西山主要造林树种林下枯落物的持水特性[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):6-14.
[13]邵方丽,余新晓,杨志坚,等.天然杨桦次生林表层土壤水分与枯落物的空间异质性[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):199-204.
[14]杨玉莲,马兴艳,吴庆贵,等.龙门山断裂带主要森林类型凋落物累积量及其持水特性[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):69-74.
[15]Carcia-Pausas J,Casals P,Romanya J.Litter decomposition and faunal activity in Mediterranean forest soils:Effects of N content and mess layer[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36:989-997.
[16]谢柯香,文仕知,何功秀,等.闽楠人工林枯落物养分季节动态变化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(6):113-116.
[17]李学斌,马琳,杨新国,等.荒漠草原典型植物群落枯落物生态水文功能[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(5):834-838.
[18]李良,翟洪波,姚凯,等.不同林龄华北落叶松人工林枯落物储量及持水特性研究[J].中国水土保持,2010(3):32-34.
[19]向泽宇,张莉,张全发,等.青海不同林分类型土壤养分与微生物功能多样性[J].林业科学,2014,50(4):22-31.
[20]林娜,刘勇,李国雷,等.抚育间伐对人工林凋落物分解的影响[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(3):44-47.
[2]Sayer E J.Using experimental manipulation to assess the roles of leaf litter in the functioning of forest ecosystems[J].Biological Reviews,2006,81(1):27-31.
[3]韩友志,邢兆凯,顾宇书,等.浑河上游白桦冷杉等9种林分枯落物储量及持水特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(11):15-18.
[4]王意锟,方升佐,唐罗忠.营林措施及环境与森林凋落物分解的相互关系研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2011,24(2):47-52.
[5]林观土,彭彬霞,韩锡君,等.东莞大岭山七种林分凋落物持水量的时空特征[J].广东林业科技,2009,25(3):20-24.
[6]Tamai K,Abe T,Araki M,et al.Radiation budget,soil heat flux and latent heat flux at the forest floor in warm temperate mixed forest[J].Hydrological Process,1986,12(13/14):2105-2114.
[7]李超,董希斌,李芝茹.大兴安岭低质林不同皆伐改造后枯落物持水性能分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(4):92-96.
[8]宋启亮,董希斌,李勇,等.采伐干扰和火烧对大兴安岭森林土壤化学性质的影响[J].森林工程,2010,26(5):4-7.
[9]李国林,魏强,凌雷,等.甘肃省兴隆山天然林下苔藓凋落物蓄积量及持水特性[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):300-304.
[10]蒋俊明,费世民,余英,等.长宁竹海5种林分类型的水文效应评价[J].西部林业科学,2006,35(2):17-22.
[11]王波,张洪江,杜士才,等.三峡库区天然次生林凋落物森林水文效应研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(3):84-87.
[12]张峰,彭祚登,安永兴,等.北京西山主要造林树种林下枯落物的持水特性[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):6-14.
[13]邵方丽,余新晓,杨志坚,等.天然杨桦次生林表层土壤水分与枯落物的空间异质性[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):199-204.
[14]杨玉莲,马兴艳,吴庆贵,等.龙门山断裂带主要森林类型凋落物累积量及其持水特性[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):69-74.
[15]Carcia-Pausas J,Casals P,Romanya J.Litter decomposition and faunal activity in Mediterranean forest soils:Effects of N content and mess layer[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36:989-997.
[16]谢柯香,文仕知,何功秀,等.闽楠人工林枯落物养分季节动态变化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(6):113-116.
[17]李学斌,马琳,杨新国,等.荒漠草原典型植物群落枯落物生态水文功能[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(5):834-838.
[18]李良,翟洪波,姚凯,等.不同林龄华北落叶松人工林枯落物储量及持水特性研究[J].中国水土保持,2010(3):32-34.
[19]向泽宇,张莉,张全发,等.青海不同林分类型土壤养分与微生物功能多样性[J].林业科学,2014,50(4):22-31.
[20]林娜,刘勇,李国雷,等.抚育间伐对人工林凋落物分解的影响[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(3):44-47.