利用打印条码的转子轴向位移径向监测方法
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摘要
针对转子轴向空间受限等特殊工况下常规的轴向位移测量方法难以适用的情况,提出了一种基于时间延迟原理的转子轴向位移径向测量方法,通过在径向监测转子表面打印条码位置,实现转子轴向位移的测量。首先提出了轴向位移时间延迟测量原理,确定了基于打印条码和光学传感器的监测方案,通过仿真分析了条码参数等对测量误差的影响规律,最后搭建实验台对所提出的位移测量方法进行实验验证。结果表明:在转子1 000 r/min的实验条件下,轴向位移测量误差小于5μm,初步验证了方法的可行性;此外,条码倾角越大测量误差越大,条码宽度的变化对误差影响较小。该方法解决了常规轴向位移测量中存在的轴向空间受限、通用性差等难题,为转子系统的轴向位移监测提供了一种新思路。
For a more complex rotor system, the common measuring method is no longer applicable due to the extremely limited rotor axial space. An axial displacement measurement method is proposed, where the optical sensor is placed at the radial position of the rotor to detect the bar code adhered on rotor to obtain axial displacement. Following time delay principle, the monitoring scheme according to printed bar code and optical sensor is formulated, and the influence of bar code parameters and the other factors on measurement error are analyzed. A displacement rig is constructed to verify the accuracy, it is found that the measurement error does not exceed 5 μm under rotor speed of 1 000 r/min; the larger the bar code tilt angle, the greater the measurement error; varying bar code width has slight influence on the measurement error. This scheme thus breaks through the limitation of axial space and suits to different shafting systems.
For a more complex rotor system, the common measuring method is no longer applicable due to the extremely limited rotor axial space. An axial displacement measurement method is proposed, where the optical sensor is placed at the radial position of the rotor to detect the bar code adhered on rotor to obtain axial displacement. Following time delay principle, the monitoring scheme according to printed bar code and optical sensor is formulated, and the influence of bar code parameters and the other factors on measurement error are analyzed. A displacement rig is constructed to verify the accuracy, it is found that the measurement error does not exceed 5 μm under rotor speed of 1 000 r/min; the larger the bar code tilt angle, the greater the measurement error; varying bar code width has slight influence on the measurement error. This scheme thus breaks through the limitation of axial space and suits to different shafting systems.
引文
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[18]耿继青,胡余生,黄伟才,等.转轴的轴向位移检测方法和装置及磁悬浮轴承系统:CN105423889A[P].2016-03-23.
[19]胡余生,郭伟林,贺永玲,等.一种轴向位移检测装置、方法和磁悬浮轴承:CN105352466A[P].2016-02-24.
[20]ONO K,TAKIZAWA T,AOKI M.Preload measuring device for double row rolling bearing unit:US8864382[P].2014-10-21.
[21]GUNJI D,FUJIMOTO H.Measurement performance quantification of lateral tire force sensor and application to yaw-rate control of electric vehicle[J].IEEJ Transactions on Sensors&Micromachines,2014,134:742-749.
[22]NAM K,OH S,FUJIMOTO H,et al.Estimation of sideslip and roll angles of electric vehicles using lateral tire force sensors through RLS and Kalman filter approaches[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(3):988-1000.
[2]郭义杰.某火力发电机组在开机过程中轴向位移异常的原因分析及处理[J].河南电力,2015,43(2):55-58.GUO Yijie.Analysis of abnormal in the boot Process of a thermal power generating units axial displacement and processing[J].Henan Electric Power,2015,43(2):55-58.
[3]KONRAD M,沈捷.高速切削时的加工精度明显提高:高频电主轴自动补偿轴向位移[J].制造技术与机床,2003(4):104-106.KONRAD M,SHEN Jie.Significant increase in HSCmilling accuracy:high-frequency motor spindles automatically compensate axial shift[J].Manufacturing Technology and Machine Tools,2003(4):104-106.
[4]BOEHM J,GERBER R,KILEY N.Sensors for magnetic bearings[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(6):2962-2964.
[5]赵海波,董吉洪,李巍,等.基于霍尔式位移传感器的智能轴承:CN105806621A[P].2016-07-27.
[6]李建栋,朱永生,熊青青,等.定压预紧主轴轴向动态刚度特性研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(10):126-130.LI Jiandong,ZHU Yongsheng,XIONG Qingqing,et al.Research on axial dynamic stiffness of fix pressure spindle[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2014,48(10):126-130.
[7]孟常胜,薛海龙,郑华耀.基于位移测量的柴油机轴承监测系统的研究[J].中国水运,2011,11(2):73-75.
[8]汪骥,王飞翔,李瑞,等.大型船舶推进轴系轴承位移调整优化及负荷预报方法研究[J].中国造船,2015,56(4):152-160.WANG Ji,WANG Feixiang,LI Rui,et al.Optimization of offsets of bearings in propulsion system of large ships and forecast of loads on bearings[J].Shipbuilding of China,2015,56(4):152-160.
[9]时振刚,赵晶晶,赵雷,等.一种从径向测量转动轴轴向位移的方法及其传感器:CN1818540[P].2006-08-16.
[10]时振刚,周燕,赵雷,等.一种同步测量转动轴径向和轴向位移的方法及其传感器:CN1818539[P].2006-08-16.
[11]时振刚,周燕,赵晶晶,等.基于自感式可测量转子径轴向位移的新型传感器[C]∥第六届全国新堆与研究堆学术会议论文集.北京:清华大学,2006:124-126.
[12]FILATOV A V,HAWKINS L A.An axial position sensor for active magnetic bearings[C]∥ASME Turbo Expo:Power for Land,Sea,&Air.New York,USA:ASME,2010:99-106.
[13]HAWKINS L A,ZHU L,BLUMBER E J.Development of a 125kW AMB expander/generator for waste heat recovery[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2011,133(7):072503.
[14]ZONG M,BA L,WANG F.Study on novel measuring method for rotor axial displacement with displacement sensor fixed on radial direction in magnetic bearing[C]∥International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2008:726-729.
[15]李红伟,刘淑琴,于文涛,等.电涡流传感器检测磁悬浮转子轴向位移的方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2011,32(7):1441-1448.LI Hongwei,LIU Shuqing,YU Wentao,et al.Amethod for detecting axial displacement of maglev rotor by eddy current sensor[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2011,32(7):1441-1448.
[16]边忠国,周君民,刘淑琴.传感器径向安装检测转子轴向位移的试验[J].流体机械,2018,46(1):25-28.BIAN Zhongguo,ZHOU Junmin,LIU Shuqin.Radial displacement sensor for measuring rotor axial displacement[J].Fluid Machinery,2018,46(1):25-28.
[17]王晓光,胡烈锋,何壮,等.一种磁悬浮转子轴向位移径向测量方法研究[J].中国科技论文,2017,12(16):1805-1809.WANG Xiaoguang,HU Liefeng,HE Zhuang,et al.Study on radial measuring of axial displacement of magnetic suspension rotor[J].China Science Paper,2017,12(16):1805-1809.
[18]耿继青,胡余生,黄伟才,等.转轴的轴向位移检测方法和装置及磁悬浮轴承系统:CN105423889A[P].2016-03-23.
[19]胡余生,郭伟林,贺永玲,等.一种轴向位移检测装置、方法和磁悬浮轴承:CN105352466A[P].2016-02-24.
[20]ONO K,TAKIZAWA T,AOKI M.Preload measuring device for double row rolling bearing unit:US8864382[P].2014-10-21.
[21]GUNJI D,FUJIMOTO H.Measurement performance quantification of lateral tire force sensor and application to yaw-rate control of electric vehicle[J].IEEJ Transactions on Sensors&Micromachines,2014,134:742-749.
[22]NAM K,OH S,FUJIMOTO H,et al.Estimation of sideslip and roll angles of electric vehicles using lateral tire force sensors through RLS and Kalman filter approaches[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(3):988-1000.